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Sanchez-Merino V, Martin-Serrano M, Beltran M, Lazaro-Martin B, Cervantes E, Oltra M, Sainz T, Garcia F, Navarro ML, Yuste E. The Association of HIV-1 Neutralization in Aviremic Children and Adults with Time to ART Initiation and CD4+/CD8+ Ratios. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:8. [PMID: 38276667 PMCID: PMC10820134 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) bind and neutralize diverse HIV isolates and demonstrate protective effects in primate models and humans against specific isolates. To develop an effective HIV vaccine, it is widely believed that inducing these antibodies is crucial. However, the high somatic hypermutation in bnAbs and the limited affinity of HIV Env proteins for bnAb germline precursors suggest that extended antigen exposure is necessary for their production. Consequently, HIV vaccine research is exploring complex sequential vaccination strategies to guide the immune response through maturation stages. In this context, the exploration of the factors linked to the generation of these antibodies across diverse age groups becomes critical. In this study, we assessed the anti-HIV-1 neutralization potency and breadth in 108 aviremic adults and 109 aviremic children under 15 years of age who were receiving ART. We used a previously described minipanel of recombinant viruses and investigated the factors associated with neutralization in these individuals. We identified individuals in both groups who were capable of neutralizing viruses from three different subtypes, with greater cross-neutralization observed in the adult group (49.0% vs. 9.2%). In both groups, we observed an inverse association between neutralization breadth and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio, as well as a direct association with the time to ART initiation. However, we found no association with time post-infection, cumulative ART duration, or CD8+ cell levels. The present study demonstrates that children receiving antiretroviral therapy generate broadly neutralizing responses to HIV-1, albeit with lower magnitude compared to adults. We also observed that neutralization breadth is associated with CD4+/CD8+ levels and time to treatment initiation in both children and adults living with HIV-1. Our interpretation of these results is that a delay in ART initiation could have prolonged the antigenic stimulation associated with viral replication and thus facilitate the capacity to elicit long-lasting broadly neutralizing responses. These results corroborate prior findings that show that HIV-1-neutralizing responses can persist for years, even at low antigen levels, implying an HIV-1 vaccine may induce lasting neutralizing antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Sanchez-Merino
- National Microbiology Center, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (M.B.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Alfonso X el Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (T.S.); (M.L.N.)
| | - Miguel Martin-Serrano
- National Microbiology Center, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (M.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (T.S.); (M.L.N.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela Beltran
- National Microbiology Center, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (M.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (T.S.); (M.L.N.)
| | - Beatriz Lazaro-Martin
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Eloisa Cervantes
- Sección de Infectología Pediátrica, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Manuel Oltra
- Sección de Patologia Infecciosa Infantil, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Talia Sainz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (T.S.); (M.L.N.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, La Paz Research Institute (IdiPAZ), La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Garcia
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Maria Luisa Navarro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (T.S.); (M.L.N.)
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Eloisa Yuste
- National Microbiology Center, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (M.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (T.S.); (M.L.N.)
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