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Darvish S, Mahoney SA, Venkatasubramanian R, Rossman MJ, Clayton ZS, Murray KO. Socioeconomic status as a potential mediator of arterial aging in marginalized ethnic and racial groups: current understandings and future directions. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 137:194-222. [PMID: 38813611 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00188.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the United States. However, disparities in CVD-related morbidity and mortality exist as marginalized racial and ethnic groups are generally at higher risk for CVDs (Black Americans, Indigenous People, South and Southeast Asians, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders) and/or development of traditional CVD risk factors (groups above plus Hispanics/Latinos) relative to non-Hispanic Whites (NHW). In this comprehensive review, we outline emerging evidence suggesting these groups experience accelerated arterial dysfunction, including vascular endothelial dysfunction and large elastic artery stiffening, a nontraditional CVD risk factor that may predict risk of CVDs in these groups with advancing age. Adverse exposures to social determinants of health (SDOH), specifically lower socioeconomic status (SES), are exacerbated in most of these groups (except South Asians-higher SES) and may be a potential mediator of accelerated arterial aging. SES negatively influences the ability of marginalized racial and ethnic groups to meet aerobic exercise guidelines, the first-line strategy to improve arterial function, due to increased barriers, such as time and financial constraints, lack of motivation, facility access, and health education, to performing conventional aerobic exercise. Thus, identifying alternative interventions to conventional aerobic exercise that 1) overcome these common barriers and 2) target the biological mechanisms of aging to improve arterial function may be an effective, alternative method to aerobic exercise to ameliorate accelerated arterial aging and reduce CVD risk. Importantly, dedicated efforts are needed to assess these strategies in randomized-controlled clinical trials in these marginalized racial and ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Darvish
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Sophia A Mahoney
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | | | - Matthew J Rossman
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Zachary S Clayton
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Kevin O Murray
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
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2
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Yee SW, Ferrández-Peral L, Alentorn-Moron P, Fontsere C, Ceylan M, Koleske ML, Handin N, Artegoitia VM, Lara G, Chien HC, Zhou X, Dainat J, Zalevsky A, Sali A, Brand CM, Wolfreys FD, Yang J, Gestwicki JE, Capra JA, Artursson P, Newman JW, Marquès-Bonet T, Giacomini KM. Illuminating the function of the orphan transporter, SLC22A10, in humans and other primates. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4380. [PMID: 38782905 PMCID: PMC11116522 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48569-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
SLC22A10 is an orphan transporter with unknown substrates and function. The goal of this study is to elucidate its substrate specificity and functional characteristics. In contrast to orthologs from great apes, human SLC22A10, tagged with green fluorescent protein, is not expressed on the plasma membrane. Cells expressing great ape SLC22A10 orthologs exhibit significant accumulation of estradiol-17β-glucuronide, unlike those expressing human SLC22A10. Sequence alignments reveal a proline at position 220 in humans, which is a leucine in great apes. Replacing proline with leucine in SLC22A10-P220L restores plasma membrane localization and uptake function. Neanderthal and Denisovan genomes show proline at position 220, akin to modern humans, indicating functional loss during hominin evolution. Human SLC22A10 is a unitary pseudogene due to a fixed missense mutation, P220, while in great apes, its orthologs transport sex steroid conjugates. Characterizing SLC22A10 across species sheds light on its biological role, influencing organism development and steroid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook Wah Yee
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Luis Ferrández-Peral
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), PRBB, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pol Alentorn-Moron
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), PRBB, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Fontsere
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), PRBB, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 1352, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merve Ceylan
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Megan L Koleske
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Niklas Handin
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Virginia M Artegoitia
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Giovanni Lara
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Huan-Chieh Chien
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xujia Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jacques Dainat
- Joint Research Unit for Infectious Diseases and Vectors Ecology Genetics Evolution and Control (MIVEGEC), University of Montpellier, French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS 5290), French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD 224), 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Arthur Zalevsky
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrej Sali
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, US
| | - Colin M Brand
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Finn D Wolfreys
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John A Capra
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Per Artursson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John W Newman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Tomàs Marquès-Bonet
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), PRBB, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
- CNAG, Centro Nacional de Analisis Genomico, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 4, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici ICTA-ICP, c/ Columnes s/n, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kathleen M Giacomini
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Koch L. Global genomic diversity for All of Us. Nat Rev Genet 2024; 25:303. [PMID: 38509161 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-024-00727-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
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Davis CN, Khan Y, Toikumo S, Jinwala Z, Boomsma DI, Levey DF, Gelernter J, Kember RL, Kranzler HR. A Multivariate Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Neural Correlates and Common Biological Mechanisms of Psychopathology Spectra. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.06.24305166. [PMID: 38645045 PMCID: PMC11030494 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.06.24305166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
There is considerable comorbidity across externalizing and internalizing behavior dimensions of psychopathology. We applied genomic structural equation modeling (gSEM) to genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics to evaluate the factor structure of externalizing and internalizing psychopathology across 16 traits and disorders among European-ancestry individuals (n's = 16,400 to 1,074,629). We conducted GWAS on factors derived from well-fitting models. Downstream analyses served to identify biological mechanisms, explore drug repurposing targets, estimate genetic overlap between the externalizing and internalizing spectra, and evaluate causal effects of psychopathology liability on physical health. Both a correlated factors model, comprising two factors of externalizing and internalizing risk, and a higher-order single-factor model of genetic effects contributing to both spectra demonstrated acceptable fit. GWAS identified 409 lead single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with externalizing and 85 lead SNPs associated with internalizing, while the second-order GWAS identified 256 lead SNPs contributing to broad psychopathology risk. In bivariate causal mixture models, nearly all externalizing and internalizing causal variants overlapped, despite a genetic correlation of only 0.37 (SE = 0.02) between them. Externalizing genes showed cell-type specific expression in GABAergic, cortical, and hippocampal neurons, and internalizing genes were associated with reduced subcallosal cortical volume, providing insight into the neurobiological underpinnings of psychopathology. Genetic liability for externalizing, internalizing, and broad psychopathology exerted causal effects on pain, general health, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic illnesses. These findings underscore the complex genetic architecture of psychopathology, identify potential biological pathways for the externalizing and internalizing spectra, and highlight the physical health burden of psychiatric comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christal N. Davis
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yousef Khan
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sylvanus Toikumo
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zeal Jinwala
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel F. Levey
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry, Genetics, and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rachel L. Kember
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Henry R. Kranzler
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Davis C, Khan Y, Toikumo S, Jinwala Z, Boomsma D, Levey D, Gelernter J, Kember R, Kranzler H. A Multivariate Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Neural Correlates and Common Biological Mechanisms of Psychopathology Spectra. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4228593. [PMID: 38659902 PMCID: PMC11042423 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4228593/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
There is considerable comorbidity across externalizing and internalizing behavior dimensions of psychopathology. We applied genomic structural equation modeling (gSEM) to genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics to evaluate the factor structure of externalizing and internalizing psychopathology across 16 traits and disorders among European-ancestry individuals (n's = 16,400 to 1,074,629). We conducted GWAS on factors derived from well-fitting models. Downstream analyses served to identify biological mechanisms, explore drug repurposing targets, estimate genetic overlap between the externalizing and internalizing spectra, and evaluate causal effects of psychopathology liability on physical health. Both a correlated factors model, comprising two factors of externalizing and internalizing risk, and a higher-order single-factor model of genetic effects contributing to both spectra demonstrated acceptable t. GWAS identified 409 lead single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with externalizing and 85 lead SNPs associated with internalizing, while the second-order GWAS identified 256 lead SNPs contributing to broad psychopathology risk. In bivariate causal mixture models, nearly all externalizing and internalizing causal variants overlapped, despite a genetic correlation of only 0.37 (SE = 0.02) between them. Externalizing genes showed cell-type specific expression in GABAergic, cortical, and hippocampal neurons, and internalizing genes were associated with reduced subcallosal cortical volume, providing insight into the neurobiological underpinnings of psychopathology. Genetic liability for externalizing, internalizing, and broad psychopathology exerted causal effects on pain, general health, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic illnesses. These findings underscore the complex genetic architecture of psychopathology, identify potential biological pathways for the externalizing and internalizing spectra, and highlight the physical health burden of psychiatric comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yousef Khan
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | | | - Zeal Jinwala
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - D Boomsma
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Bick AG, Metcalf GA, Mayo KR, Lichtenstein L, Rura S, Carroll RJ, Musick A, Linder JE, Jordan IK, Nagar SD, Sharma S, Meller R, Basford M, Boerwinkle E, Cicek MS, Doheny KF, Eichler EE, Gabriel S, Gibbs RA, Glazer D, Harris PA, Jarvik GP, Philippakis A, Rehm HL, Roden DM, Thibodeau SN, Topper S, Blegen AL, Wirkus SJ, Wagner VA, Meyer JG, Cicek MS, Muzny DM, Venner E, Mawhinney MZ, Griffith SML, Hsu E, Ling H, Adams MK, Walker K, Hu J, Doddapaneni H, Kovar CL, Murugan M, Dugan S, Khan Z, Boerwinkle E, Lennon NJ, Austin-Tse C, Banks E, Gatzen M, Gupta N, Henricks E, Larsson K, McDonough S, Harrison SM, Kachulis C, Lebo MS, Neben CL, Steeves M, Zhou AY, Smith JD, Frazar CD, Davis CP, Patterson KE, Wheeler MM, McGee S, Lockwood CM, Shirts BH, Pritchard CC, Murray ML, Vasta V, Leistritz D, Richardson MA, Buchan JG, Radhakrishnan A, Krumm N, Ehmen BW, Schwartz S, Aster MMT, Cibulskis K, Haessly A, Asch R, Cremer A, Degatano K, Shergill A, Gauthier LD, Lee SK, Hatcher A, Grant GB, Brandt GR, Covarrubias M, Banks E, Able A, Green AE, Carroll RJ, Zhang J, Condon HR, Wang Y, Dillon MK, Albach CH, Baalawi W, Choi SH, Wang X, Rosenthal EA, Ramirez AH, Lim S, Nambiar S, Ozenberger B, Wise AL, Lunt C, Ginsburg GS, Denny JC. Genomic data in the All of Us Research Program. Nature 2024; 627:340-346. [PMID: 38374255 PMCID: PMC10937371 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06957-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Comprehensively mapping the genetic basis of human disease across diverse individuals is a long-standing goal for the field of human genetics1-4. The All of Us Research Program is a longitudinal cohort study aiming to enrol a diverse group of at least one million individuals across the USA to accelerate biomedical research and improve human health5,6. Here we describe the programme's genomics data release of 245,388 clinical-grade genome sequences. This resource is unique in its diversity as 77% of participants are from communities that are historically under-represented in biomedical research and 46% are individuals from under-represented racial and ethnic minorities. All of Us identified more than 1 billion genetic variants, including more than 275 million previously unreported genetic variants, more than 3.9 million of which had coding consequences. Leveraging linkage between genomic data and the longitudinal electronic health record, we evaluated 3,724 genetic variants associated with 117 diseases and found high replication rates across both participants of European ancestry and participants of African ancestry. Summary-level data are publicly available, and individual-level data can be accessed by researchers through the All of Us Researcher Workbench using a unique data passport model with a median time from initial researcher registration to data access of 29 hours. We anticipate that this diverse dataset will advance the promise of genomic medicine for all.
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