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Di Bella DJ, Domínguez-Iturza N, Brown JR, Arlotta P. Making Ramón y Cajal proud: Development of cell identity and diversity in the cerebral cortex. Neuron 2024; 112:2091-2111. [PMID: 38754415 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Since the beautiful images of Santiago Ramón y Cajal provided a first glimpse into the immense diversity and complexity of cell types found in the cerebral cortex, neuroscience has been challenged and inspired to understand how these diverse cells are generated and how they interact with each other to orchestrate the development of this remarkable tissue. Some fundamental questions drive the field's quest to understand cortical development: what are the mechanistic principles that govern the emergence of neuronal diversity? How do extrinsic and intrinsic signals integrate with physical forces and activity to shape cell identity? How do the diverse populations of neurons and glia influence each other during development to guarantee proper integration and function? The advent of powerful new technologies to profile and perturb cortical development at unprecedented resolution and across a variety of modalities has offered a new opportunity to integrate past knowledge with brand new data. Here, we review some of this progress using cortical excitatory projection neurons as a system to draw out general principles of cell diversification and the role of cell-cell interactions during cortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela J Di Bella
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Nuria Domínguez-Iturza
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Juliana R Brown
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Paola Arlotta
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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2
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Adewumi HO, Berniac GI, McCarthy EA, O'Shea TM. Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke lesion environments differentially alter the glia repair potential of neural progenitor cell and immature astrocyte grafts. Exp Neurol 2024; 374:114692. [PMID: 38244885 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Using cell grafting to direct glia-based repair mechanisms in adult CNS injuries represents a potential therapeutic strategy for supporting functional neural parenchymal repair. However, glia repair directed by neural progenitor cell (NPC) grafts is dramatically altered by increasing lesion size, severity, and mode of injury. To address this, we studied the interplay between astrocyte differentiation and cell proliferation of NPC in vitro to generate proliferating immature astrocytes (ImA) using hysteretic conditioning. ImA maintain proliferation rates at comparable levels to NPC but showed robust immature astrocyte marker expression including Gfap and Vimentin. ImA demonstrated enhanced resistance to myofibroblast-like phenotypic transformations upon exposure to serum enriched environments in vitro compared to NPC and were more effective at scratch wound closure in vitro compared to quiescent astrocytes. Glia repair directed by ImA at acute ischemic striatal stroke lesions was equivalent to NPC but better than quiescent astrocyte grafts. While ischemic injury environments supported enhanced survival of grafts compared to healthy striatum, hemorrhagic lesions were hostile towards both NPC and ImA grafts leading to poor survival and ineffective modulation of natural wound repair processes. Our findings demonstrate that lesion environments, rather than transcriptional pre-graft states, determine the survival, cell-fate, and glia repair competency of cell grafts applied to acute CNS injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honour O Adewumi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215-2407, USA
| | - Gabriela I Berniac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215-2407, USA
| | - Emily A McCarthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215-2407, USA
| | - Timothy M O'Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215-2407, USA.
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3
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Radenkovic S, Budhraja R, Klein-Gunnewiek T, King AT, Bhatia TN, Ligezka AN, Driesen K, Shah R, Ghesquière B, Pandey A, Kasri NN, Sloan SA, Morava E, Kozicz T. Neural and metabolic dysregulation in PMM2-deficient human in vitro neural models. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113883. [PMID: 38430517 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphomannomutase 2-congenital disorder of glycosylation (PMM2-CDG) is a rare inborn error of metabolism caused by deficiency of the PMM2 enzyme, which leads to impaired protein glycosylation. While the disorder presents with primarily neurological symptoms, there is limited knowledge about the specific brain-related changes caused by PMM2 deficiency. Here, we demonstrate aberrant neural activity in 2D neuronal networks from PMM2-CDG individuals. Utilizing multi-omics datasets from 3D human cortical organoids (hCOs) derived from PMM2-CDG individuals, we identify widespread decreases in protein glycosylation, highlighting impaired glycosylation as a key pathological feature of PMM2-CDG, as well as impaired mitochondrial structure and abnormal glucose metabolism in PMM2-deficient hCOs, indicating disturbances in energy metabolism. Correlation between PMM2 enzymatic activity in hCOs and symptom severity suggests that the level of PMM2 enzyme function directly influences neurological manifestations. These findings enhance our understanding of specific brain-related perturbations associated with PMM2-CDG, offering insights into the underlying mechanisms and potential directions for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Radenkovic
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Rohit Budhraja
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Teun Klein-Gunnewiek
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexia Tyler King
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tarun N Bhatia
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anna N Ligezka
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Karen Driesen
- Metabolomics Expertise Center, VIB-KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rameen Shah
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Metabolomics Expertise Center, VIB-KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Applied Mass Spectrometry, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Nael Nadif Kasri
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Steven A Sloan
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Eva Morava
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Biophysics, University of Pécs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tamas Kozicz
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Anatomy, University of Pécs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA.
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4
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Verkerke M, Berdenis van Berlekom A, Donega V, Vonk D, Sluijs JA, Butt NF, Kistemaker L, de Witte LD, Pasterkamp RJ, Middeldorp J, Hol EM. Transcriptomic and morphological maturation of human astrocytes in cerebral organoids. Glia 2024; 72:362-374. [PMID: 37846809 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral organoids (CerOrgs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a valuable tool to study human astrocytes and their interaction with neurons and microglia. The timeline of astrocyte development and maturation in this model is currently unknown and this limits the value and applicability of the model. Therefore, we generated CerOrgs from three healthy individuals and assessed astrocyte maturation after 5, 11, 19, and 37 weeks in culture. At these four time points, the astrocyte lineage was isolated based on the expression of integrin subunit alpha 6 (ITGA6). Based on the transcriptome of the isolated ITGA6-positive cells, astrocyte development started between 5 and 11 weeks in culture and astrocyte maturation commenced after 11 weeks in culture. After 19 weeks in culture, the ITGA6-positive astrocytes had the highest expression of human mature astrocyte genes, and the predicted functional properties were related to brain homeostasis. After 37 weeks in culture, a subpopulation of ITGA6-negative astrocytes appeared, highlighting the heterogeneity within the astrocytes. The morphology shifted from an elongated progenitor-like morphology to the typical bushy astrocyte morphology. Based on the morphological properties, predicted functional properties, and the similarities with the human mature astrocyte transcriptome, we concluded that ITGA6-positive astrocytes have developed optimally in 19-week-old CerOrgs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes Verkerke
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Amber Berdenis van Berlekom
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vanessa Donega
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Anatomy & Neurosciences, section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle Vonk
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline A Sluijs
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nayab F Butt
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lois Kistemaker
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lot D de Witte
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - R Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jinte Middeldorp
- Department of Neurobiology & Aging, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Ferrarelli LK. The gliogenic switch takes teamwork. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eadk3288. [PMID: 37607220 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adk3288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
A five-signal cue drives the switch to glia production in the developing fetal brain.
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