1
|
Li YG, Meng XY, Yang X, Ling SL, Shi P, Tian CL, Yang F. Structural insights into somatostatin receptor 5 bound with cyclic peptides. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01314-8. [PMID: 38926478 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) is highly expressed in ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas and is an important drug target for the treatment of Cushing's disease. Two cyclic SST analog peptides (pasireotide and octreotide) both can activate SSTR5 and SSTR2. Pasireotide is preferential binding to SSTR5 than octreotide, while octreotide is biased to SSTR2 than SSTR5. The lack of selectivity of both pasireotide and octreotide causes side effects, such as hyperglycemia, gastrointestinal disturbance, and abnormal glucose homeostasis. However, little is known about the binding and selectivity mechanisms of pasireotide and octreotide with SSTR5, limiting the development of subtype-selective SST analog drugs specifically targeting SSTR5. Here, we report two cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of SSTR5-Gi complexes activated by pasireotide and octreoitde at resolutions of 3.09 Å and 3.24 Å, respectively. In combination with structural analysis and functional experiments, our results reveal the molecular mechanisms of ligand recognition and receptor activation. We also demonstrate that pasireotide preferentially binds to SSTR5 through the interactions between Tyr(Bzl)/DTrp of pasireotide and SSTR5. Moreover, we find that the Q2.63, N6.55, F7.35 and ECL2 of SSTR2 play a crucial role in octreotide biased binding of SSTR2. Our results will provide structural insights and offer new opportunities for the drug discovery of better selective pharmaceuticals targeting specific SSTR subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ge Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xian-Yu Meng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xiru Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Sheng-Long Ling
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Pan Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Chang-Lin Tian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- The Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Resonance Image, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li J, You C, Li Y, Li C, Fan W, Chen Z, Hu W, Wu K, Xu HE, Zhao LH. Structural basis for activation of somatostatin receptor 5 by cyclic neuropeptide agonists. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321710121. [PMID: 38885377 PMCID: PMC11214081 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321710121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) is an important G protein-coupled receptor and drug target for neuroendocrine tumors and pituitary disorders. This study presents two high-resolution cryogenicelectron microscope structures of the SSTR5-Gi complexes bound to the cyclic neuropeptide agonists, cortistatin-17 (CST17) and octreotide, with resolutions of 2.7 Å and 2.9 Å, respectively. The structures reveal that binding of these peptides causes rearrangement of a "hydrophobic lock", consisting of residues from transmembrane helices TM3 and TM6. This rearrangement triggers outward movement of TM6, enabling Gαi protein engagement and receptor activation. In addition to hydrophobic interactions, CST17 forms conserved polar contacts similar to somatostatin-14 binding to SSTR2, while further structural and functional analysis shows that extracellular loops differently recognize CST17 and octreotide. These insights elucidate agonist selectivity and activation mechanisms of SSTR5, providing valuable guidance for structure-based drug development targeting this therapeutically relevant receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Chongzhao You
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Changyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai200031, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Wenjia Fan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Zecai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Wen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Kai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
| | - H. Eric Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Li-Hua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bjørn-Yoshimoto WE, Ramiro IBL, Koch TL, Engholm E, Yeung HY, Sørensen KK, Goddard CM, Jensen KL, Smith NA, Martin LF, Smith BJ, Madsen KL, Jensen KJ, Patwardhan A, Safavi-Hemami H. Venom-inspired somatostatin receptor 4 (SSTR4) agonists as new drug leads for peripheral pain conditions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.29.591104. [PMID: 38746149 PMCID: PMC11092515 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.29.591104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Persistent pain affects one in five people worldwide, often with severely debilitating consequences. Current treatment options, which can be effective for mild or acute pain, are ill-suited for moderate-to-severe persistent pain, resulting in an urgent need for new therapeutics. In recent years, the somatostatin receptor 4 (SSTR 4 ), which is expressed in sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system, has emerged as a promising target for pain relief. However, the presence of several closely related receptors with similar ligand-binding surfaces complicates the design of receptor-specific agonists. In this study, we report the discovery of a potent and selective SSTR 4 peptide, consomatin Fj1, derived from extensive venom gene datasets from marine cone snails. Consomatin Fj1 is a mimetic of the endogenous hormone somatostatin and contains a minimized binding motif that provides stability and drives peptide selectivity. Peripheral administration of synthetic consomatin Fj1 provided analgesia in mouse models of postoperative and neuropathic pain. Using structure-activity studies, we designed and functionally evaluated several Fj1 analogs, resulting in compounds with improved potency and selectivity. Our findings present a novel avenue for addressing persistent pain through the design of venom-inspired SSTR 4 -selective pain therapeutics. One Sentence Summary Venom peptides from predatory marine mollusks provide new leads for treating peripheral pain conditions through a non-opioid target.
Collapse
|
4
|
He F, Wu CG, Gao Y, Rahman SN, Zaoralová M, Papasergi-Scott MM, Gu TJ, Robertson MJ, Seven AB, Li L, Mathiesen JM, Skiniotis G. Allosteric modulation and G-protein selectivity of the Ca 2+-sensing receptor. Nature 2024; 626:1141-1148. [PMID: 38326620 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a family C G-protein-coupled receptor1 (GPCR) that has a central role in regulating systemic calcium homeostasis2,3. Here we use cryo-electron microscopy and functional assays to investigate the activation of human CaSR embedded in lipid nanodiscs and its coupling to functional Gi versus Gq proteins in the presence and absence of the calcimimetic drug cinacalcet. High-resolution structures show that both Gi and Gq drive additional conformational changes in the activated CaSR dimer to stabilize a more extensive asymmetric interface of the seven-transmembrane domain (7TM) that involves key protein-lipid interactions. Selective Gi and Gq coupling by the receptor is achieved through substantial rearrangements of intracellular loop 2 and the C terminus, which contribute differentially towards the binding of the two G-protein subtypes, resulting in distinct CaSR-G-protein interfaces. The structures also reveal that natural polyamines target multiple sites on CaSR to enhance receptor activation by zipping negatively charged regions between two protomers. Furthermore, we find that the amino acid L-tryptophan, a well-known ligand of CaSR extracellular domains, occupies the 7TM bundle of the G-protein-coupled protomer at the same location as cinacalcet and other allosteric modulators. Together, these results provide a framework for G-protein activation and selectivity by CaSR, as well as its allosteric modulation by endogenous and exogenous ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cheng-Guo Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Cardiology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sabrina N Rahman
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magda Zaoralová
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Makaía M Papasergi-Scott
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ting-Jia Gu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michael J Robertson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alpay B Seven
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jesper M Mathiesen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Georgios Skiniotis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Catalani E, Cervia D. Novel emphasis on somatostatinergic system in retinal ganglion cell neuroresilience. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:148-149. [PMID: 37488856 PMCID: PMC10479862 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.374141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Catalani
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, largo dell’Università snc, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Davide Cervia
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, largo dell’Università snc, Viterbo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu X, Yang X, Nie H, Jiang W, He X, Ou C. Immunological role and prognostic value of somatostatin receptor family members in colon adenocarcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1255809. [PMID: 37900156 PMCID: PMC10603271 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1255809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is among the most prevalent cancers worldwide, ranking as the third most prevalent malignancy in incidence and mortality. The somatostatin receptor (SSTR) family comprises G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which couple to inhibitory G proteins (Gi and Go) upon binding to somatostatin (SST) analogs. GPCRs are involved in hormone release, neurotransmission, cell growth inhibition, and cancer suppression. However, their roles in COAD remain unclear. This study used bioinformatics to investigate the expression, prognosis, gene alterations, functional enrichment, and immunoregulatory effects of the SSTR family members in COAD. SSTR1-4 are differentially downregulated in COAD, and low SSTR2 expression indicates poor survival. Biological processes and gene expression enrichment of the SSTR family in COAD were further analyzed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology. A strong correlation was observed between SSTR expression and immune cell infiltration. We also quantified SSTR2 expression in 25 COAD samples and adjacent normal tissues using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We analyzed its correlation with the dendritic cell-integrin subunit alpha X marker gene. The biomarker exploration of the solid tumors portal was used to confirm the correlation between SSTR2 with immunomodulators and immunotherapy responses. Our results identify SSTR2 as a promising target for COAD immunotherapy. Our findings provide new insights into the biological functions of the SSTR family and their implications for the prognosis of COAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Yu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuejie Yang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Nie
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenying Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Departments of Ultrasound Imaging, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunlin Ou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ghosh P, Raj N, Verma H, Patel M, Chakraborti S, Khatri B, Doreswamy CM, Anandakumar SR, Seekallu S, Dinesh MB, Jadhav G, Yadav PN, Chatterjee J. An amide to thioamide substitution improves the permeability and bioavailability of macrocyclic peptides. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6050. [PMID: 37770425 PMCID: PMC10539501 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Solvent shielding of the amide hydrogen bond donor (NH groups) through chemical modification or conformational control has been successfully utilized to impart membrane permeability to macrocyclic peptides. We demonstrate that passive membrane permeability can also be conferred by masking the amide hydrogen bond acceptor (>C = O) through a thioamide substitution (>C = S). The membrane permeability is a consequence of the lower desolvation penalty of the macrocycle resulting from a concerted effect of conformational restriction, local desolvation of the thioamide bond, and solvent shielding of the amide NH groups. The enhanced permeability and metabolic stability on thioamidation improve the bioavailability of a macrocyclic peptide composed of hydrophobic amino acids when administered through the oral route in rats. Thioamidation of a bioactive macrocyclic peptide composed of polar amino acids results in analogs with longer duration of action in rats when delivered subcutaneously. These results highlight the potential of O to S substitution as a stable backbone modification in improving the pharmacological properties of peptide macrocycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Ghosh
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Nishant Raj
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Hitesh Verma
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Monika Patel
- Neuroscience & Ageing Biology, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sohini Chakraborti
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhavesh Khatri
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Chandrashekar M Doreswamy
- Department of Pre-clinical Research, Anthem Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, 560099, Karnataka, India
| | - S R Anandakumar
- Department of Pre-clinical Research, Anthem Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, 560099, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivas Seekallu
- Department of Pre-clinical Research, Anthem Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, 560099, Karnataka, India
| | - M B Dinesh
- Central Animal Facility, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Gajanan Jadhav
- Eurofins Advinus Biopharma Services India Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, 560058, Karnataka, India
| | - Prem Narayan Yadav
- Neuroscience & Ageing Biology, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Jayanta Chatterjee
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gervasoni S, Öztürk I, Guccione C, Bosin A, Ruggerone P, Malloci G. Interaction of Radiopharmaceuticals with Somatostatin Receptor 2 Revealed by Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:4924-4933. [PMID: 37466559 PMCID: PMC10428218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The development of drugs targeting somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), generally overexpressed in neuroendocrine tumors, is focus of intense research. A few molecules in conjugation with radionuclides are in clinical use for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. These radiopharmaceuticals are composed of a somatostatin analogue biovector conjugated to a chelator moiety bearing the radionuclide. To date, despite valuable efforts, a detailed molecular-level description of the interaction of radiopharmaceuticals in complex with SSTR2 has not yet been accomplished. Therefore, in this work, we carefully analyzed the key dynamical features and detailed molecular interactions of SSTR2 in complex with six radiopharmaceutical compounds selected among the few already in use (64Cu/68Ga-DOTATATE, 68Ga-DOTATOC, 64Cu-SARTATE) and some in clinical development (68Ga-DOTANOC, 64Cu-TETATATE). Through molecular dynamics simulations and exploiting recently available structures of SSTR2, we explored the influence of the different portions of the compounds (peptide, radionuclide, and chelator) in the interaction with the receptor. We identified the most stable binding modes and found distinct interaction patterns characterizing the six compounds. We thus unveiled detailed molecular interactions crucial for the recognition of this class of radiopharmaceuticals. The microscopically well-founded analysis presented in this study provides guidelines for the design of new potent ligands targeting SSTR2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Camilla Guccione
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, Monserrato
(Cagliari) I-09042, Italy
| | - Andrea Bosin
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, Monserrato
(Cagliari) I-09042, Italy
| | - Paolo Ruggerone
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, Monserrato
(Cagliari) I-09042, Italy
| | - Giuliano Malloci
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, Monserrato
(Cagliari) I-09042, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ullrich M, Brandt F, Löser R, Pietzsch J, Wodtke R. Comparative Saturation Binding Analysis of 64Cu-Labeled Somatostatin Analogues Using Cell Homogenates and Intact Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:24003-24009. [PMID: 37426243 PMCID: PMC10324063 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of novel ligands for G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) typically entails the characterization of their binding affinity, which is often performed with radioligands in a competition or saturation binding assay format. Since GPCRs are transmembrane proteins, receptor samples for binding assays are prepared from tissue sections, cell membranes, cell homogenates, or intact cells. As part of our investigations on modulating the pharmacokinetics of radiolabeled peptides for improved theranostic targeting of neuroendocrine tumors with a high abundance of the somatostatin receptor sub-type 2 (SST2), we characterized a series of 64Cu-labeled [Tyr3]octreotate (TATE) derivatives in vitro in saturation binding assays. Herein, we report on the SST2 binding parameters measured toward intact mouse pheochromocytoma cells and corresponding cell homogenates and discuss the observed differences taking the physiology of SST2 and GPCRs in general into account. Furthermore, we point out method-specific advantages and limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ullrich
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Florian Brandt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden 01328, Germany
- School
of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Reik Löser
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden 01328, Germany
- School
of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden 01328, Germany
- School
of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Robert Wodtke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden 01328, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Modena D, Moras ML, Sandrone G, Stevenazzi A, Vergani B, Dasgupta P, Kliever A, Gulde S, Marangelo A, Schillmaier M, Luque RM, Bäuerle S, Pellegata NS, Schulz S, Steinkühler C. Identification of a Novel SSTR3 Full Agonist for the Treatment of Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3453. [PMID: 37444563 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin receptor (SSTR) agonists have been extensively used for treating neuroendocrine tumors. Synthetic therapeutic agonists showing selectivity for SSTR2 (Octreotide) or for SSTR2 and SSTR5 (Pasireotide) have been approved for the treatment of patients with acromegaly and Cushing's syndrome, as their pituitary tumors highly express SSTR2 or SSTR2/SSTR5, respectively. Nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs), which express high levels of SSTR3 and show only modest response to currently available SSTR agonists, are often invasive and cannot be completely resected, and therefore easily recur. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of ITF2984, a somatostatin analog and full SSTR3 agonist, as a new potential treatment for NFPAs. ITF2984 shows a 10-fold improved affinity for SSTR3 compared to Octreotide or Pasireotide. Molecular modeling and NMR studies indicated that the higher affinity for SSTR3 correlates with a higher stability of a distorted β-I turn in the cyclic peptide backbone. ITF2984 induces receptor internalization and phosphorylation, and triggers G-protein signaling at pharmacologically relevant concentrations. Furthermore, ITF2984 displays antitumor activity that is dependent on SSTR3 expression levels in the MENX (homozygous mutant) NFPA rat model, which closely recapitulates human disease. Therefore, ITF2984 may represent a novel therapeutic option for patients affected by NFPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Modena
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, 20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Moras
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, 20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sandrone
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, 20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Stevenazzi
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, 20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Vergani
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, 20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Pooja Dasgupta
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Kliever
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gulde
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Marangelo
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Mathias Schillmaier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Raul M Luque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Stephen Bäuerle
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Natalia S Pellegata
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Stampolaki M, Stylianakis I, Zgurskaya HI, Kolocouris A. Study of SQ109 analogs binding to mycobacterium MmpL3 transporter using MD simulations and alchemical relative binding free energy calculations. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2023; 37:245-264. [PMID: 37129848 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-023-00504-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
N-geranyl-N΄-(2-adamantyl)ethane-1,2-diamine (SQ109) is a tuberculosis drug that has high potency against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and may function by blocking cell wall biosynthesis. After the crystal structure of MmpL3 from Mycobacterium smegmatis in complex with SQ109 became available, it was suggested that SQ109 inhibits Mmpl3 mycolic acid transporter. Here, we showed using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations that the binding profile of nine SQ109 analogs with inhibitory potency against Mtb and alkyl or aryl adducts at C-2 or C-1 adamantyl carbon to MmpL3 was consistent with the X-ray structure of MmpL3 - SQ109 complex. We showed that rotation of SQ109 around carbon-carbon bond in the monoprotonated ethylenediamine unit favors two gauche conformations as minima in water and lipophilic solvent using DFT calculations as well as inside the transporter's binding area using MD simulations. The binding assays in micelles suggested that the binding affinity of the SQ109 analogs was increased for the larger, more hydrophobic adducts, which was consistent with our results from MD simulations of the SQ109 analogues suggesting that sizeable C-2 adamantyl adducts of SQ109 can fill a lipophilic region between Y257, Y646, F260 and F649 in MmpL3. This was confirmed quantitatively by our calculations of the relative binding free energies using the thermodynamic integration coupled with MD simulations method with a mean assigned error of 0.74 kcal mol-1 compared to the experimental values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Stampolaki
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
- Department of NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Faßberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ioannis Stylianakis
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Helen I Zgurskaya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019-5251, USA
| | - Antonios Kolocouris
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gervasoni S, Guccione C, Fanti V, Bosin A, Cappellini G, Golosio B, Ruggerone P, Malloci G. Molecular simulations of SSTR2 dynamics and interaction with ligands. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4768. [PMID: 36959237 PMCID: PMC10036620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31823-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclic peptide hormone somatostatin regulates physiological processes involved in growth and metabolism, through its binding to G-protein coupled somatostatin receptors. The isoform 2 (SSTR2) is of particular relevance for the therapy of neuroendocrine tumours for which different analogues to somatostatin are currently in clinical use. We present an extensive and systematic computational study on the dynamics of SSTR2 in three different states: active agonist-bound, inactive antagonist-bound and apo inactive. We exploited the recent burst of SSTR2 experimental structures to perform μs-long multi-copy molecular dynamics simulations to sample conformational changes of the receptor and rationalize its binding to different ligands (the agonists somatostatin and octreotide, and the antagonist CYN154806). Our findings suggest that the apo form is more flexible compared to the holo ones, and confirm that the extracellular loop 2 closes upon the agonist octreotide but not upon the antagonist CYN154806. Based on interaction fingerprint analyses and free energy calculations, we found that all peptides similarly interact with residues buried into the binding pocket. Conversely, specific patterns of interactions are found with residues located in the external portion of the pocket, at the basis of the extracellular loops, particularly distinguishing the agonists from the antagonist. This study will help in the design of new somatostatin-based compounds for theranostics of neuroendocrine tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gervasoni
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Camilla Guccione
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Viviana Fanti
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Andrea Bosin
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Giancarlo Cappellini
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Bruno Golosio
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Paolo Ruggerone
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Giuliano Malloci
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhao J, Fu H, Yu J, Hong W, Tian X, Qi J, Sun S, Zhao C, Wu C, Xu Z, Cheng L, Chai R, Yan W, Wei X, Shao Z. Prospect of acromegaly therapy: molecular mechanism of clinical drugs octreotide and paltusotine. Nat Commun 2023; 14:962. [PMID: 36810324 PMCID: PMC9944328 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36673-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) is highly expressed in neuroendocrine tumors and represents as a therapeutic target. Several peptide analogs mimicking the endogenous ligand somatostatin are available for clinical use, but poor therapeutic effects occur in a subset of patients, which may be correlated with subtype selectivity or cell surface expression. Here, we clarify the signal bias profiles of the first-generation peptide drug octreotide and a new-generation small molecule paltusotine by evaluating their pharmacological characteristics. We then perform cryo-electron microscopy analysis of SSTR2-Gi complexes to determine how the drugs activate SSTR2 in a selective manner. In this work, we decipher the mechanism of ligand recognition, subtype selectivity and signal bias property of SSTR2 sensing octreotide and paltusotine, which may aid in designing therapeutic drugs with specific pharmacological profiles against neuroendocrine tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Hong Fu
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Weiqi Hong
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xiaowen Tian
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jieyu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Suyue Sun
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Chang Zhao
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China. .,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China. .,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Wei Yan
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Zhenhua Shao
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China. .,Department of Nephrology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Molecular basis for the selective G protein signaling of somatostatin receptors. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:133-140. [PMID: 36138141 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) modulate every aspect of physiological functions mainly through activating heterotrimeric G proteins. A majority of GPCRs promiscuously couple to multiple G protein subtypes. Here we validate that in addition to the well-known Gi/o pathway, somatostatin receptor 2 and 5 (SSTR2 and SSTR5) couple to the Gq/11 pathway and show that smaller ligands preferentially activate the Gi/o pathway. We further determined cryo-electron microscopy structures of the SSTR2‒Go and SSTR2‒Gq complexes bound to octreotide and SST-14. Structural and functional analysis revealed that G protein selectivity of SSTRs is not only determined by structural elements in the receptor-G protein interface, but also by the conformation of the agonist-binding pocket. Accordingly, smaller ligands fail to stabilize a broader agonist-binding pocket of SSTRs that is required for efficient Gq/11 coupling but not Gi/o coupling. Our studies facilitate the design of drugs with selective G protein signaling to improve therapeutic efficacy.
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen Y, Zhou Q, Wang J, Xu Y, Wang Y, Yan J, Wang Y, Zhu Q, Zhao F, Li C, Chen CW, Cai X, Bathgate RAD, Shen C, Eric Xu H, Yang D, Liu H, Wang MW. Ligand recognition mechanism of the human relaxin family peptide receptor 4 (RXFP4). Nat Commun 2023; 14:492. [PMID: 36717591 PMCID: PMC9886975 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the insulin superfamily regulate pleiotropic biological processes through two types of target-specific but structurally conserved peptides, insulin/insulin-like growth factors and relaxin/insulin-like peptides. The latter bind to the human relaxin family peptide receptors (RXFPs). Here, we report three cryo-electron microscopy structures of RXFP4-Gi protein complexes in the presence of the endogenous ligand insulin-like peptide 5 (INSL5) or one of the two small molecule agonists, compound 4 and DC591053. The B chain of INSL5 adopts a single α-helix that penetrates into the orthosteric pocket, while the A chain sits above the orthosteric pocket, revealing a peptide-binding mode previously unknown. Together with mutagenesis and functional analyses, the key determinants responsible for the peptidomimetic agonism and subtype selectivity were identified. Our findings not only provide insights into ligand recognition and subtype selectivity among class A G protein-coupled receptors, but also expand the knowledge of signaling mechanisms in the insulin superfamily.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qingtong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 200031, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Youwei Xu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Genova Biotech (Changzhou) Co., Ltd, Changzhou, 213125, China
| | - Jiahui Yan
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Genova Biotech (Changzhou) Co., Ltd, Changzhou, 213125, China
| | - Fenghui Zhao
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chenghao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Chuan-Wei Chen
- Research Center for Deepsea Bioresources, Sanya, Hainan, 572025, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ross A D Bathgate
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Chun Shen
- Genova Biotech (Changzhou) Co., Ltd, Changzhou, 213125, China
| | - H Eric Xu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Dehua Yang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Research Center for Deepsea Bioresources, Sanya, Hainan, 572025, China.
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310024, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Research Center for Deepsea Bioresources, Sanya, Hainan, 572025, China. .,Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shi Y, Chen Y, Deng L, Du K, Lu S, Chen T. Structural Understanding of Peptide-Bound G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Peptide-Target Interactions. J Med Chem 2023; 66:1083-1111. [PMID: 36625741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is triggered by ligand binding to their orthosteric sites, which induces ligand-specific conformational changes. Agonists and antagonists bound to GPCR orthosteric sites provide detailed information on ligand-binding modes. Among these, peptide ligands play an instrumental role in GPCR pharmacology and have attracted increased attention as therapeutic drugs. The recent breakthrough in GPCR structural biology has resulted in the remarkable availability of peptide-bound GPCR complexes. Despite the several structural similarities shared by these receptors, they exhibit distinct features in terms of peptide recognition and receptor activation. From this perspective, we have summarized the current status of peptide-bound GPCR structural complexes, largely focusing on the interactions between the receptor and its peptide ligand at the orthosteric site. In-depth structural investigations have yielded valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying peptide recognition. This study would contribute to the discovery of GPCR peptide drugs with improved therapeutic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Interventional, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liping Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Kui Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.,College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Heh E, Allen J, Ramirez F, Lovasz D, Fernandez L, Hogg T, Riva H, Holland N, Chacon J. Peptide Drug Conjugates and Their Role in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010829. [PMID: 36614268 PMCID: PMC9820985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug conjugates have become a significant focus of research in the field of targeted medicine for cancer treatments. Peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), a subset of drug conjugates, are composed of carrier peptides ranging from 5 to 30 amino acid residues, toxic payloads, and linkers that connect the payload to the peptide. PDCs are further broken down into cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and cell-targeting peptides (CTPs), each having their own differences in the delivery of cytotoxic payloads. Generally, PDCs as compared to other drug conjugates-like antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)-have advantages in tumor penetration, ease of synthesis and cost, and reduced off-target effects. Further, as compared to traditional cancer treatments (e.g., chemotherapy and radiation), PDCs have higher specificity for the target cancer with generally less toxic side effects in smaller doses. However, PDCs can have disadvantages such as poor stability and rapid renal clearance due to their smaller size and limited oral bioavailability due to digestion of its peptide structure. Some of these challenges can be overcome with modifications, and despite drawbacks, the intrinsic small size of PDCs with high target specificity still makes them an attractive area of research for cancer treatments.
Collapse
|
18
|
Csaba Z, Dournaud P. Internalization of somatostatin receptors in brain and periphery. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 196:43-57. [PMID: 36813365 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Somatostatin (SRIF) is a neuropeptide that acts as an important regulator of both endocrine and exocrine secretion and modulates neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). SRIF also regulates cell proliferation in normal tissues and tumors. The physiological actions of SRIF are mediated by a family of five G protein-coupled receptors, called somatostatin receptor (SST) SST1, SST2, SST3, SST4, SST5. These five receptors share similar molecular structure and signaling pathways but they display marked differences in their anatomical distribution, subcellular localization and intracellular trafficking. The SST subtypes are widely distributed in the CNS and peripheral nervous system, in many endocrine glands and tumors, particularly of neuroendocrine origin. In this review, we focus on the agonist-dependent internalization and recycling of the different SST subtypes in vivo in the CNS, peripheral organs and tumors. We also discuss the physiological, pathophysiological and potential therapeutic effects of the intracellular trafficking of SST subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Csaba
- Université Paris Cité, NeuroDiderot, Inserm UMR, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Dournaud
- Université Paris Cité, NeuroDiderot, Inserm UMR, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Robertson MJ, Papasergi-Scott MM, He F, Seven AB, Meyerowitz JG, Panova O, Peroto MC, Che T, Skiniotis G. Structure determination of inactive-state GPCRs with a universal nanobody. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2022; 29:1188-1195. [PMID: 36396979 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00859-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has widened the field of structure-based drug discovery by allowing for routine determination of membrane protein structures previously intractable. Despite representing one of the largest classes of therapeutic targets, most inactive-state G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have remained inaccessible for cryo-EM because their small size and membrane-embedded nature impedes projection alignment for high-resolution map reconstructions. Here we demonstrate that the same single-chain camelid antibody (nanobody) recognizing a grafted intracellular loop can be used to obtain cryo-EM structures of inactive-state GPCRs at resolutions comparable or better than those obtained by X-ray crystallography. Using this approach, we obtained structures of neurotensin 1 receptor bound to antagonist SR48692, μ-opioid receptor bound to alvimopan, apo somatostatin receptor 2 and histamine receptor 2 bound to famotidine. We expect this rapid, straightforward approach to facilitate the broad exploration of GPCR inactive states without the need for extensive engineering and crystallization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Robertson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Makaía M Papasergi-Scott
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Feng He
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alpay B Seven
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Justin G Meyerowitz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ouliana Panova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maria Claudia Peroto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tao Che
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences & Pharmacy at St. Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Georgios Skiniotis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The Third Extracellular Loop of Mammalian Odorant Receptors Is Involved in Ligand Binding. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012501. [PMID: 36293357 PMCID: PMC9604345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammals recognize chemicals in the air via G protein-coupled odorant receptors (ORs). In addition to their orthosteric binding site, other segments of these receptors modulate ligand recognition. Focusing on human hOR1A1, which is considered prototypical of class II ORs, we used a combination of molecular modeling, site-directed mutagenesis, and in vitro functional assays. We showed that the third extracellular loop of ORs (ECL3) contributes to ligand recognition and receptor activation. Indeed, site-directed mutations in ECL3 showed differential effects on the potency and efficacy of both carvones, citronellol, and 2-nonanone.
Collapse
|
21
|
Vasco AV, Ceballos LG, Wessjohann LA, Rivera DG. Multicomponent Functionalization of the Octreotide Peptide Macrocyclic Scaffold. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aldrin V. Vasco
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry: Leibniz-Institut fur Pflanzenbiochemie Bioorganic Chemistry GERMANY
| | | | - Ludger A. Wessjohann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry: Leibniz-Institut fur Pflanzenbiochemie Bioorganic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Daniel García Rivera
- Universidad de la Habana Laboratory of Synthetic and Biomolecular Chemistry Zapata y G 10400 La Habana CUBA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Börzsei R, Zsidó BZ, Bálint M, Helyes Z, Pintér E, Hetényi C. Exploration of Somatostatin Binding Mechanism to Somatostatin Receptor Subtype 4. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136878. [PMID: 35805885 PMCID: PMC9266823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin (also named as growth hormone-inhibiting hormone or somatotropin release-inhibiting factor) is a regulatory peptide important for the proper functioning of the endocrine system, local inflammatory reactions, mood and motor coordination, and behavioral responses to stress. Somatostatin exerts its effects via binding to G-protein-coupled somatostatin receptors of which the fourth subtype (SSTR4) is a particularly important receptor mediating analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-depressant effects without endocrine actions. Thus, SSTR4 agonists are promising drug candidates. Although the knowledge of the atomic resolution-binding modes of SST would be essential for drug development, experimental elucidation of the structures of SSTR4 and its complexes is still awaiting. In the present study, structures of the somatostatin–SSTR4 complex were produced using an unbiased, blind docking approach. Beyond the static structures, the binding mechanism of SST was also elucidated in the explicit water molecular dynamics (MD) calculations, and key binding modes (external, intermediate, and internal) were distinguished. The most important residues on both receptor and SST sides were identified. An energetic comparison of SST binding to SSTR4 and 2 offered a residue-level explanation of receptor subtype selectivity. The calculated structures show good agreement with available experimental results and indicate that somatostatin binding is realized via prerequisite binding modes and an induced fit mechanism. The identified binding modes and the corresponding key residues provide useful information for future drug design targeting SSTR4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Börzsei
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (R.B.); (B.Z.Z.); (M.B.); (Z.H.); (E.P.)
- János Szentágothai Research Centre & Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balázs Zoltán Zsidó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (R.B.); (B.Z.Z.); (M.B.); (Z.H.); (E.P.)
- János Szentágothai Research Centre & Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Mónika Bálint
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (R.B.); (B.Z.Z.); (M.B.); (Z.H.); (E.P.)
- János Szentágothai Research Centre & Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (R.B.); (B.Z.Z.); (M.B.); (Z.H.); (E.P.)
- János Szentágothai Research Centre & Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Algonist Gmbh, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- PharmInVivo Ltd., 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Erika Pintér
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (R.B.); (B.Z.Z.); (M.B.); (Z.H.); (E.P.)
- János Szentágothai Research Centre & Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Algonist Gmbh, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- PharmInVivo Ltd., 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csaba Hetényi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (R.B.); (B.Z.Z.); (M.B.); (Z.H.); (E.P.)
- János Szentágothai Research Centre & Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bo Q, Yang F, Li Y, Meng X, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Ling S, Sun D, Lv P, Liu L, Shi P, Tian C. Structural insights into the activation of somatostatin receptor 2 by cyclic SST analogues. Cell Discov 2022; 8:47. [PMID: 35595746 PMCID: PMC9122944 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00405-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The endogenous cyclic tetradecapeptide SST14 was reported to stimulate all five somatostatin receptors (SSTR1-5) for hormone release, neurotransmission, cell growth arrest and cancer suppression. Two SST14-derived short cyclic SST analogues (lanreotide or octreotide) with improved stability and longer lifetime were developed as drugs to preferentially activate SSTR2 and treat acromegalia and neuroendocrine tumors. Here, cryo-EM structures of the human SSTR2-Gi complex bound with SST14, octreotide or lanreotide were determined at resolutions of 2.85 Å, 2.97 Å, and 2.87 Å, respectively. Structural and functional analysis revealed that interactions between β-turn residues in SST analogues and transmembrane SSTR2 residues in the ligand-binding pocket are crucial for receptor binding and functional stimulation of the two SST14-derived cyclic octapeptides. Additionally, Q1022.63, N2766.55, and F2947.35 could be responsible for the selectivity of lanreotide or octreotide for SSTR2 over SSTR1 or SSTR4. These results provide valuable insights into further rational development of SST analogue drugs targeting SSTR2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Bo
- Department of Chemistry and the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Chemistry and the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yingge Li
- Department of Chemistry and the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xianyu Meng
- Department of Chemistry and the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yingxin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shenglong Ling
- Department of Chemistry and the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Demeng Sun
- Department of Chemistry and the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Pei Lv
- Department of Chemistry and the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Pan Shi
- Department of Chemistry and the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Changlin Tian
- Department of Chemistry and the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China. .,High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Heo Y, Yoon E, Jeon YE, Yun JH, Ishimoto N, Woo H, Park SY, Song JJ, Lee W. Cryo-EM structure of the human somatostatin receptor 2 complex with its agonist somatostatin delineates the ligand binding specificity. eLife 2022; 11:76823. [PMID: 35446253 PMCID: PMC9054131 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin is a peptide hormone that regulates endocrine systems by binding to G-protein-coupled somatostatin receptors. Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) is a human somatostatin receptor and is highly implicated in hormone disorders, cancers, and neurological diseases. Here, we report the high-resolution cryo-EM structure of full-length human SSTR2 bound to the agonist somatostatin (SST-14) in complex with inhibitory G (Gi) proteins. Our structural and mutagenesis analyses show that seven transmembrane helices form a deep pocket for ligand binding and that SSTR2 recognizes the highly conserved Trp-Lys motif of SST-14 at the bottom of the pocket. Furthermore, our sequence analysis combined with AlphaFold modeled structures of other SSTR isoforms provide a structural basis for the mechanism by which SSTR family proteins specifically interact with their cognate ligands. This work provides the first glimpse into the molecular recognition mechanism of somatostatin receptors and a crucial resource to develop therapeutics targeting somatostatin receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunseok Heo
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eojin Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Eun Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Yun
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Naito Ishimoto
- Drug Design Laboratory, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hyeonuk Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam-Yong Park
- Drug Design Laboratory, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ji-Joon Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Weontae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|