1
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Jeong J, Park J, Young Mo G, Shin J, Cho Y. Structural basis for the recognition of GPRC5D by Talquetamab, a bispecific antibody for Multiple Myeloma. J Mol Biol 2024:168748. [PMID: 39181182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a complex hematological malignancy characterized by abnormal antibody production from plasma cells. Despite advances in the treatment, many patients experience disease relapse or become refractory to treatment. G-protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member D (GPRC5D), an orphan GPCR predominantly expressed in MM cells, is emerging as a promising target for MM immunotherapy. Talquetamab, a Food and Drug Administration-approved T-cell-directing bispecific antibody developed for treatment of MM, targets GPRC5D. Here, we elucidate the structure of GPRC5D complexed with the Fab fragment of talquetamab, using cryo-electron microscopy, providing the basis for recognition of GPRC5D by the bispecific antibody. GPRC5D forms a symmetric homodimer with the interface between transmembrane helix (TM)4 of one protomer and TM4/5 of the other protomer. A single talquetamab Fab interacts with the GPRC5D dimer with its orientation toward the dimer interface. All six complementarity-determining regions of talquetamab engage with extracellular loops and TM3/5/7. In particular, the side-chain of an arginine residue from the antibody penetrates into a shallow pocket on the extracellular surface of GPRC5D. The structure offers insights for optimizing antibody design against GPRC5D for relapsed or refractory MM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbook 37673, South Korea
| | - Junhyeon Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbook 37673, South Korea
| | - Geun Young Mo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbook 37673, South Korea
| | - Jinwoo Shin
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbook 37673, South Korea
| | - Yunje Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbook 37673, South Korea; Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 166-20, South Korea.
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2
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Hu S, Wang D, Liu W, Wang Y, Chen J, Cai X. Apelin receptor dimer: Classification, future prospects, and pathophysiological perspectives. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167257. [PMID: 38795836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Apelin receptor (APJ), a member of the class A family of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), plays a crucial role in regulating cardiovascular and central nervous systems function. APJ influences the onset and progression of various diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cerebral stroke, making it an important target for drug development. Our preliminary findings indicate that APJ can form homodimers, heterodimers, or even higher-order oligomers, which participate in different signaling pathways and have distinct functions compared with monomers. APJ homodimers can serve as neuroprotectors against, and provide new pharmaceutical targets for vascular dementia (VD). This review article aims to summarize the structural characteristics of APJ dimers and their roles in physiology and pathology, as well as explore their potential pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261042, PR China
| | - Dexiu Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261042, PR China
| | - Wenkai Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261042, PR China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261042, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, PR China; Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Xin Cai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261042, PR China.
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3
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Yan P, Lin X, Wu L, Xu L, Li F, Liu J, Xu F. The binding mechanism of an anti-multiple myeloma antibody to the human GPRC5D homodimer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5255. [PMID: 38898050 PMCID: PMC11187071 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
GPRC5D is an atypical Class C orphan G protein-coupled receptor. Its high expression on the surface of multiple myeloma cells has rendered it an attractive target for therapeutic interventions, including monoclonal antibodies, CAR-T cells, and T-cell engagers. Despite its therapeutic potential, the insufficient understanding regarding of the receptor's structure and antibody recognition mechanism has impeded the progress of effective therapeutic development. Here, we present the structure of GPRC5D in complex with a preclinical-stage single-chain antibody (scFv). Our structural analysis reveals that the GPRC5D presents a close resemblance to the typical Class C GPCRs in the transmembrane region. We identify a distinct head-to-head homodimer arrangement and interface mainly involving TM4, setting it apart from other Class C homo- or hetero-dimers. Furthermore, we elucidate the binding site engaging a sizable extracellular domain on GPRC5D for scFv recognition. These insights not only unveil the distinctive dimer organization of this unconventional Class C GPCR but also hold the potential to advance drug development targeting GPRC5D for the treatment of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yan
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Lin
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijie Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Xu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- JiKang Therapeutics, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Li
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junlin Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Xu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Mahdavi K, Zendehdel M, Zarei H. The role of central neurotransmitters in appetite regulation of broilers and layers: similarities and differences. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1313-1328. [PMID: 38286893 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The importance of feeding as a vital physiological function, on the one hand, and the spread of complications induced by its disorder in humans and animals, on the other hand, have led to extensive research on its regulatory factors. Unfortunately, despite many studies focused on appetite, only limited experiments have been conducted on avian, and our knowledge of this species is scant. Considering this, the purpose of this review article is to examine the role of central neurotransmitters in regulating food consumption in broilers and layers and highlight the similarities and differences between these two strains. The methodology of this review study includes a comprehensive search of relevant literature on the topic using appropriate keywords in reliable electronic databases. Based on the findings, the central effect of most neurotransmitters on the feeding of broilers and laying chickens was similar, but in some cases, such as dopamine, ghrelin, nitric oxide, and agouti-related peptide, differences were observed. Also, the lack of conducting a study on the role of some neurotransmitters in one of the bird strains made it impossible to make an exact comparison. Finally, it seems that although there are general similarities in appetite regulatory mechanisms in meat and egg-type chickens, the long-term genetic selection appropriate to breeding goals (meat or egg production) has caused differences in the effect of some neurotransmitters. Undoubtedly, conducting future studies while completing the missing links can lead to a comprehensive understanding of this process and its manipulation according to the breeding purposes of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Mahdavi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14155-6453, Iran
| | - Morteza Zendehdel
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14155-6453, Iran.
| | - Hamed Zarei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Chen Y, Li Y, Zhou Q, Cong Z, Lin S, Yan J, Chen X, Yang D, Ying T, Wang MW. A homotrimeric GPCR architecture of the human cytomegalovirus revealed by cryo-EM. Cell Discov 2024; 10:52. [PMID: 38750025 PMCID: PMC11096299 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-024-00684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Chen
- Research Center for Deepsea Bioresources, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Yang Li
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingtong Zhou
- Research Center for Deepsea Bioresources, Sanya, Hainan, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaotong Cong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi Lin
- Research Center for Deepsea Bioresources, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Jiahui Yan
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianyue Chen
- Research Center for Deepsea Bioresources, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Dehua Yang
- Research Center for Deepsea Bioresources, Sanya, Hainan, China.
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tianlei Ying
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- Research Center for Deepsea Bioresources, Sanya, Hainan, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
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6
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Khorn PA, Luginina AP, Pospelov VA, Dashevsky DE, Khnykin AN, Moiseeva OV, Safronova NA, Belousov AS, Mishin AV, Borshchevsky VI. Rational Design of Drugs Targeting G-Protein-Coupled Receptors: A Structural Biology Perspective. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:747-764. [PMID: 38831510 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924040138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a key role in the transduction of extracellular signals to cells and regulation of many biological processes, which makes these membrane proteins one of the most important targets for pharmacological agents. A significant increase in the number of resolved atomic structures of GPCRs has opened the possibility of developing pharmaceuticals targeting these receptors via structure-based drug design (SBDD). SBDD employs information on the structure of receptor-ligand complexes to search for selective ligands without the need for an extensive high-throughput experimental ligand screening and can significantly expand the chemical space for ligand search. In this review, we describe the process of deciphering GPCR structures using X-ray diffraction analysis and cryoelectron microscopy as an important stage in the rational design of drugs targeting this receptor class. Our main goal was to present modern developments and key features of experimental methods used in SBDD of GPCR-targeting agents to a wide range of specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina A Khorn
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Aleksandra P Luginina
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Pospelov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Dmitrii E Dashevsky
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Andrey N Khnykin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Olga V Moiseeva
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
- Scryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Nadezhda A Safronova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Anatolii S Belousov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Alexey V Mishin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia.
| | - Valentin I Borshchevsky
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia.
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Dubna, Moscow Region, 141980, Russia
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7
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Shin J, Park J, Jeong J, Lam JH, Qiu X, Wu D, Kim K, Lee JY, Robinson CV, Hyun J, Katritch V, Kim KP, Cho Y. Constitutive activation mechanism of a class C GPCR. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024; 31:678-687. [PMID: 38332368 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01224-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Class C G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are activated through binding of agonists to the large extracellular domain (ECD) followed by rearrangement of the transmembrane domains (TMDs). GPR156, a class C orphan GPCR, is unique because it lacks an ECD and exhibits constitutive activity. Impaired GPR156-Gi signaling contributes to loss of hearing. Here we present the cryo-electron microscopy structures of human GPR156 in the Go-free and Go-coupled states. We found that an endogenous phospholipid molecule is located within each TMD of the GPR156 dimer. Asymmetric binding of Gα to the phospholipid-bound GPR156 dimer restructures the first and second intracellular loops and the carboxy-terminal part of the elongated transmembrane 7 (TM7) without altering dimer conformation. Our findings reveal that GPR156 is a transducer for phospholipid signaling. Constant binding of abundant phospholipid molecules and the G-protein-induced reshaping of the cytoplasmic face provide a basis for the constitutive activation of GPR156.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwoo Shin
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyeon Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Jeong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jordy Homing Lam
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bridge Institute and Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xingyu Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kuglae Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Lee
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Carol V Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jaekyung Hyun
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bridge Institute and Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for New Technologies in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yunje Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medical Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Wang WW, Ji SY, Zhang W, Zhang J, Cai C, Hu R, Zang SK, Miao L, Xu H, Chen LN, Yang Z, Guo J, Qin J, Shen DD, Liang P, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Structure-based design of non-hypertrophic apelin receptor modulator. Cell 2024; 187:1460-1475.e20. [PMID: 38428423 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Apelin is a key hormone in cardiovascular homeostasis that activates the apelin receptor (APLNR), which is regarded as a promising therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease. However, adverse effects through the β-arrestin pathway limit its pharmacological use. Here, we report cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of APLNR-Gi1 complexes bound to three agonists with divergent signaling profiles. Combined with functional assays, we have identified "twin hotspots" in APLNR as key determinants for signaling bias, guiding the rational design of two exclusive G-protein-biased agonists WN353 and WN561. Cryo-EM structures of WN353- and WN561-stimulated APLNR-G protein complexes further confirm that the designed ligands adopt the desired poses. Pathophysiological experiments have provided evidence that WN561 demonstrates superior therapeutic effects against cardiac hypertrophy and reduced adverse effects compared with the established APLNR agonists. In summary, our designed APLNR modulator may facilitate the development of next-generation cardiovascular medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China; Center for Structural Pharmacology and Therapeutics Development, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Su-Yu Ji
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China; Center for Structural Pharmacology and Therapeutics Development, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Wenjia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China; Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Junxia Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China; Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chenxi Cai
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rubi Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shao-Kun Zang
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Luwei Miao
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Haomang Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China; Center for Structural Pharmacology and Therapeutics Development, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Li-Nan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zongkuai Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jiao Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Dan-Dan Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ping Liang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China; Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China; Center for Structural Pharmacology and Therapeutics Development, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China; MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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9
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Zheng L, Shi S, Sun X, Lu M, Liao Y, Zhu S, Zhang H, Pan Z, Fang P, Zeng Z, Li H, Li Z, Xue W, Zhu F. MoDAFold: a strategy for predicting the structure of missense mutant protein based on AlphaFold2 and molecular dynamics. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae006. [PMID: 38305456 PMCID: PMC10835750 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein structure prediction is a longstanding issue crucial for identifying new drug targets and providing a mechanistic understanding of protein functions. To enhance the progress in this field, a spectrum of computational methodologies has been cultivated. AlphaFold2 has exhibited exceptional precision in predicting wild-type protein structures, with performance exceeding that of other methods. However, predicting the structures of missense mutant proteins using AlphaFold2 remains challenging due to the intricate and substantial structural alterations caused by minor sequence variations in the mutant proteins. Molecular dynamics (MD) has been validated for precisely capturing changes in amino acid interactions attributed to protein mutations. Therefore, for the first time, a strategy entitled 'MoDAFold' was proposed to improve the accuracy and reliability of missense mutant protein structure prediction by combining AlphaFold2 with MD. Multiple case studies have confirmed the superior performance of MoDAFold compared to other methods, particularly AlphaFold2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Industry Solutions Research and Development, Alibaba Cloud Computing, Hangzhou 330110, China
| | - Shuiyang Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiuna Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Industry Solutions Research and Development, Alibaba Cloud Computing, Hangzhou 330110, China
| | - Mingkun Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Industry Solutions Research and Development, Alibaba Cloud Computing, Hangzhou 330110, China
| | - Yang Liao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sisi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Hongning Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ziqi Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Pan Fang
- Industry Solutions Research and Development, Alibaba Cloud Computing, Hangzhou 330110, China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou 330110, China
| | - Zhenyu Zeng
- Industry Solutions Research and Development, Alibaba Cloud Computing, Hangzhou 330110, China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou 330110, China
| | - Honglin Li
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhaorong Li
- Industry Solutions Research and Development, Alibaba Cloud Computing, Hangzhou 330110, China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou 330110, China
| | - Weiwei Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Industry Solutions Research and Development, Alibaba Cloud Computing, Hangzhou 330110, China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou 330110, China
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10
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Xu C. Cardiovascular aspects of ELABELA: A potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 151:107193. [PMID: 37433415 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
ELABELA, an early endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor APJ (apelin peptide jejunum, apelin receptor), has been known as an important regulator in cardiovascular homeostasis and may be a novel therapeutic target for multiple cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). At the physiological level, ELABELA exhibits angiogenic and vasorelaxant effects and is essential for heart development. At the pathological level, circulating ELABELA levels may be a novel diagnostic biomarker for various CVDs. ELABELA peripherally displays antihypertensive, vascular-protective, and cardioprotective effects, whereas central administration of ELABELA elevated BP and caused cardiovascular remodeling. This review highlights the physiological and pathological roles of ELABELA in the cardiovascular system. Enhancement of the peripheral ELABELA may be a promising pharmacological therapeutic strategy for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanming Xu
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330002, Jiangxi, China.
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11
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Franco R, Navarro G. Neuroprotection afforded by targeting G protein-coupled receptors in heteromers and by heteromer-selective drugs. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1222158. [PMID: 37521478 PMCID: PMC10373065 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1222158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the target of hundreds of approved drugs. Although these drugs were designed to target individual receptors, it is becoming increasingly apparent that GPCRs interact with each other to form heteromers. Approved drug targets are often part of a GPCR heteromer, and therefore new drugs can be developed with heteromers in mind. This review presents several strategies to selectively target GPCRs in heteromeric contexts, namely, taking advantage of i) heteromer-mediated biased agonism/signalling, ii) discovery of drugs with higher affinity for the receptor if it is part of a heteromer (heteromer selective drugs), iii) allosteric compounds directed against the interacting transmembrane domains and, eventually, iv) antagonists that block both GPCRs in a heteromer. Heteromers provide unique allosteric sites that should help designing a new type of drug that by definition would be a heteromer selective drug. The review also provides examples of rhodopsin-like class A receptors in heteromers that could be targeted to neuroprotect and/or delay the progression of diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. GPCRs in heteromers (GriH) with the potential to address dyskinesias, a common complication of dopaminergic replacement therapy in parkinsonian patients, are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Franco
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Gusach A, García-Nafría J, Tate CG. New insights into GPCR coupling and dimerisation from cryo-EM structures. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2023; 80:102574. [PMID: 36963163 PMCID: PMC10423944 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2023.102574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Over the past three years (2020-2022) more structures of GPCRs have been determined than in the previous twenty years (2000-2019), primarily of GPCR complexes that are large enough for structure determination by single-particle cryo-EM. This review will present some structural highlights that have advanced our molecular understanding of promiscuous G protein coupling, how a G protein receptor kinase and β-arrestins couple to GPCRs, and GPCR dimerisation. We will also discuss advances in the use of gene fusions, nanobodies, and Fab fragments to facilitate the structure determination of GPCRs in the inactive state that, on their own, are too small for structure determination by single-particle cryo-EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Gusach
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK. https://twitter.com/GusachAnastasia
| | - Javier García-Nafría
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI) and Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), University of Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain. https://twitter.com/JGarciaNafria
| | - Christopher G Tate
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK.
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13
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Yuan S, Xia L, Wang C, Wu F, Zhang B, Pan C, Fan Z, Lei X, Stevens RC, Sali A, Sun L, Shui W. Conformational Dynamics of the Activated GLP-1 Receptor-G s Complex Revealed by Cross-Linking Mass Spectrometry and Integrative Structure Modeling. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:992-1007. [PMID: 37252352 PMCID: PMC10214531 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in characterizing the structures and functions of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), our understanding of GPCR activation and signaling is still limited by the lack of information on conformational dynamics. It is particularly challenging to study the dynamics of GPCR complexes with their signaling partners because of their transient nature and low stability. Here, by combining cross-linking mass spectrometry (CLMS) with integrative structure modeling, we map the conformational ensemble of an activated GPCR-G protein complex at near-atomic resolution. The integrative structures describe heterogeneous conformations for a high number of potential alternative active states of the GLP-1 receptor-Gs complex. These structures show marked differences from the previously determined cryo-EM structure, especially at the receptor-Gs interface and in the interior of the Gs heterotrimer. Alanine-scanning mutagenesis coupled with pharmacological assays validates the functional significance of 24 interface residue contacts only observed in the integrative structures, yet absent in the cryo-EM structure. Through the integration of spatial connectivity data from CLMS with structure modeling, our study provides a new approach that is generalizable to characterizing the conformational dynamics of GPCR signaling complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Yuan
- iHuman
Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School
of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lisha Xia
- iHuman
Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School
of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- iHuman
Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School
of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Structure
Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Bingjie Zhang
- iHuman
Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chen Pan
- National
Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research
Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhiran Fan
- Biocreater
(WuHan) Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of
Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Raymond C. Stevens
- iHuman
Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School
of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Structure
Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Andrej Sali
- Quantitative
Biosciences Institute, University of California,
San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of California, San Francisco, San
Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Liping Sun
- iHuman
Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wenqing Shui
- iHuman
Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School
of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, China
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14
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Franco R, Navarro G, Martínez-Pinilla E. The adenosine A 2A receptor in the basal ganglia: Expression, heteromerization, functional selectivity and signalling. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 170:49-71. [PMID: 37741696 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine is a neuroregulatory nucleoside that acts through four G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), A1, A2A, A2B and A3, which are widely expressed in cells of the nervous system. The A2A receptor (A2AR), the GPCR with the highest expression in the striatum, has a similar role to that of receptors for dopamine, one of the main neurotransmitters. Neuronal and glial A2ARs participate in the modulation of dopaminergic transmission and act in almost any action in which the basal ganglia is involved. This chapter revisits the expression of the A2AR in the basal ganglia in health and disease, and describes the diversity of signalling depending on whether the receptors are expressed as monomer or as heteromer. The A2AR can interact with other receptors as adenosine A1, dopamine D2, or cannabinoid CB1 to form heteromers with relevant functions in the basal ganglia. Heteromerization, with these and other GPCRs, provides diversity to A2AR-mediated signalling and to the modulation of neurotransmission. Thus, selective A2AR antagonists have neuroprotective potential acting directly on neurons, but also through modulation of glial cell activation, for example, by decreasing neuroinflammatory events that accompany neurodegenerative diseases. In fact, A2AR antagonists are safe and their potential in the therapy of Parkinson's disease has already led to the approval of one of them, istradefylline, in Japan and United States. The receptor also has a key role in reward circuits and, again, heteromers with dopamine receptors, but also with cannabinoid CB1 receptors, participate in the events triggered by drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Franco
- Molecular Neurobiology laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gemma Navarro
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Martínez-Pinilla
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Asturias, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Asturias, Spain
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15
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Pang B, Jiang YR, Xu JY, Shao DX, Hao LY. Apelin/ELABELA-APJ system in cardiac hypertrophy: Regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 949:175727. [PMID: 37062502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is one of the most significant public health problems faced by millions of medical researchers worldwide. And pathological cardiac hypertrophy is considered one of the possible factors of increasing the risk of heart failure. Here, we introduce apelin/ELABELA-APJ system as a novel therapeutic target for cardiac hypertrophy, bringing about new directions in clinical treatment. Apelin has been proven to regulate cardiac hypertrophy through various pathways. And an increasing number of studies on ELABELA, the newly discovered endogenous ligand, suggest it can alleviate cardiac hypertrophy through mechanisms similar or different to apelin. In this review, we elaborate on the role that apelin/ELABELA-APJ system plays in cardiac hypertrophy and the intricate mechanisms that apelin/ELABELA-APJ affect cardiac hypertrophy. We also illuminate and make comparisons of the newly designed peptides and small molecules as agonists and antagonists for APJ, updating the breakthroughs in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- China Medical University-The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, United Kingdom.
| | - Yin-Ru Jiang
- China Medical University-The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, United Kingdom.
| | - Jia-Yao Xu
- China Medical University-The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, United Kingdom.
| | - Dong-Xue Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Li-Ying Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
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16
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Lin X, Jiang S, Wu Y, Wei X, Han GW, Wu L, Liu J, Chen B, Zhang Z, Zhao S, Cherezov V, Xu F. The activation mechanism and antibody binding mode for orphan GPR20. Cell Discov 2023; 9:23. [PMID: 36849514 PMCID: PMC9971246 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-023-00520-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
GPR20 is a class-A orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and a potential therapeutic target for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) owing to its differentially high expression. An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) containing a GPR20-binding antibody (Ab046) was recently developed in clinical trials for GIST treatment. GPR20 constitutively activates Gi proteins in the absence of any known ligand, but it remains obscure how this high basal activity is achieved. Here we report three cryo-EM structures of human GPR20 complexes including Gi-coupled GPR20 in the absence or presence of the Fab fragment of Ab046 and Gi-free GPR20. Remarkably, the structures demonstrate a uniquely folded N-terminal helix capping onto the transmembrane domain and our mutagenesis study suggests a key role of this cap region in stimulating the basal activity of GPR20. We also uncover the molecular interactions between GPR20 and Ab046, which may enable the design of tool antibodies with enhanced affinity or new functionality for GPR20. Furthermore, we report the orthosteric pocket occupied by an unassigned density which might be essential for exploring opportunities for deorphanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lin
- grid.440637.20000 0004 4657 8879iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- grid.440637.20000 0004 4657 8879iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China ,grid.440637.20000 0004 4657 8879School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiran Wu
- grid.440637.20000 0004 4657 8879iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohu Wei
- grid.440637.20000 0004 4657 8879School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gye-Won Han
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Lijie Wu
- grid.440637.20000 0004 4657 8879iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Junlin Liu
- grid.440637.20000 0004 4657 8879iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Chen
- grid.440637.20000 0004 4657 8879iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- grid.440637.20000 0004 4657 8879iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China ,grid.440637.20000 0004 4657 8879School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suwen Zhao
- grid.440637.20000 0004 4657 8879iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China ,grid.440637.20000 0004 4657 8879School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Vadim Cherezov
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Fei Xu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
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17
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Williams TL, Macrae RGC, Kuc RE, Brown AJH, Maguire JJ, Davenport AP. Expanding the apelin receptor pharmacological toolbox using novel fluorescent ligands. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1139121. [PMID: 36967803 PMCID: PMC10034064 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1139121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The apelin receptor binds two distinct endogenous peptides, apelin and ELA, which act in an autocrine/paracrine manner to regulate the human cardiovascular system. As a class A GPCR, targeting the apelin receptor is an attractive therapeutic strategy. With improvements in imaging techniques, and the stability and brightness of dyes, fluorescent ligands are becoming increasingly useful in studying protein targets. Here, we describe the design and validation of four novel fluorescent ligands; two based on [Pyr1]apelin-13 (apelin488 and apelin647), and two based on ELA-14 (ELA488 and ELA647). METHODS Fluorescent ligands were pharmacologically assessed using radioligand and functional in vitro assays. Apelin647 was validated in high content imaging and internalisation studies, and in a clinically relevant human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte model. Apelin488 and ELA488 were used to visualise apelin receptor binding in human renal tissue. RESULTS All four fluorescent ligands retained the ability to bind and activate the apelin receptor and, crucially, triggered receptor internalisation. In high content imaging studies, apelin647 bound specifically to CHO-K1 cells stably expressing apelin receptor, providing proof-of-principle for a platform that could screen novel hits targeting this GPCR. The ligand also bound specifically to endogenous apelin receptor in stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Apelin488 and ELA488 bound specifically to apelin receptor, localising to blood vessels and tubules of the renal cortex. DISCUSSION Our data indicate that the described novel fluorescent ligands expand the pharmacological toolbox for studying the apelin receptor across multiple platforms to facilitate drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L. Williams
- Experimental Medicine & Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robyn G. C. Macrae
- Experimental Medicine & Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rhoda E. Kuc
- Experimental Medicine & Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Janet J. Maguire
- Experimental Medicine & Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony P. Davenport
- Experimental Medicine & Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Anthony P. Davenport,
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