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Meeus EJ, Laan PCM, Ham R, de Bruin B, Reek JNH. Gas Evolution as a Tool to Study Reaction Kinetics Under Biomimetic Conditions. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400516. [PMID: 38348814 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
The field of bioorthogonal chemistry is rapidly growing, presenting successful applications of organic and transition metal-catalysed reactions in cells and living systems (in vivo). The development of such reactions typically proceeds through many iterative steps focused on biocompatibility and fast reaction kinetics to ensure product formation. However, obtaining kinetic data, even under simulated biological (biomimetic) conditions, remains a challenge due to substantial concentrations of salts and biomolecules hampering the use of typically employed solution-phase analytical techniques. In this study, we explored the suitability of gas evolution as a probe to study kinetics under biomimetic conditions. As proof of concept, we show that the progress of two transition metal-catalysed bioorthogonal chemical reactions can be accurately monitored, regardless of the complexity of the medium. As such, we introduce a protocol to gain more insight into the performance of a catalytic system under biomimetic conditions to further progress iterative catalyst development for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva J Meeus
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis (HomKat) group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petrus C M Laan
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis (HomKat) group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rens Ham
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis (HomKat) group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis (HomKat) group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost N H Reek
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis (HomKat) group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Schrader ML, Schäfer FR, Schäfers F, Glorius F. Bridging the information gap in organic chemical reactions. Nat Chem 2024; 16:491-498. [PMID: 38548884 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01470-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The varying quality of scientific reports is a well-recognized problem and often results from a lack of standardization and transparency in scientific publications. This situation ultimately leads to prominent complications such as reproducibility issues and the slow uptake of newly developed synthetic methods for pharmaceutical and agrochemical applications. In recent years, various impactful approaches have been advocated to bridge information gaps and to improve the quality of experimental protocols in synthetic organic publications. Here we provide a critical overview of these strategies and present the reader with a versatile set of tools to augment their standard procedures. We formulate eight principles to improve data management in scientific publications relating to data standardization, reproducibility and evaluation, and encourage scientists to go beyond current publication standards. We are aware that this is a substantial effort, but we are convinced that the resulting improved data situation will greatly benefit the progress of chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte L Schrader
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Felix R Schäfer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Felix Schäfers
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Meeus EJ, Álvarez M, Koelman E, Pérez PJ, Reek JNH, de Bruin B. Copper-Catalyzed Sulfimidation in Aqueous Media: a Fast, Chemoselective and Biomolecule-Compatible Reaction. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303939. [PMID: 38116945 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Performing transition metal-catalyzed reactions in cells and living systems has equipped scientists with a toolbox to study biological processes and release drugs on demand. Thus far, an impressive scope of reactions has been performed in these settings, but many are yet to be introduced. Nitrene transfer presents a rather unexplored new-to-nature reaction. The reaction products are frequently encountered motifs in pharmaceuticals, presenting opportunities for the controlled, intracellular synthesis of drugs. Hence, we explored the transition metal-catalyzed sulfimidation reaction in water for future in vivo application. Two Cu(I) complexes containing trispyrazolylborate ligands (Tpx ) were selected, and the catalytic system was evaluated with the aid of three fitness factors. The excellent nitrene transfer reactivity and high chemoselectivity of the catalysts, coupled with good biomolecule compatibility, successfully enabled the sulfimidation of thioethers in aqueous media. We envision that this copper-catalyzed sulfimidation reaction could be an interesting starting point to unlock the potential of nitrene transfer catalysis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva J Meeus
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - María Álvarez
- CIQSO-Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento de Química, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007, Huelva, Spain
| | - Emma Koelman
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro J Pérez
- CIQSO-Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento de Química, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007, Huelva, Spain
| | - Joost N H Reek
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Ahn GN, Sharma BM, Lahore S, Yim SJ, Vidyacharan S, Kim DP. Flow parallel synthesizer for multiplex synthesis of aryl diazonium libraries via efficient parameter screening. Commun Chem 2021; 4:53. [PMID: 36697557 PMCID: PMC9814388 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00490-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of miniaturized flow platforms would enable efficient and selective synthesis of drug and lead molecules by rapidly exploring synthetic methodologies and screening for optimal conditions, progress in which could be transformative for the field. In spite of tremendous advances made in continuous flow technology, these reported flow platforms are not devised to conduct many different reactions simultaneously. Herein, we report a metal-based flow parallel synthesizer that enables multiplex synthesis of libraries of compounds and efficient screening of parameters. This miniaturized synthesizer, equipped with a unique built-in flow distributor and n number of microreactors, can execute multiple types of reactions in parallel under diverse conditions, including photochemistry. Diazonium-based reactions are explored as a test case by distributing the reagent to 16 (n = 16) capillaries to which various building blocks are supplied for the chemistry library synthesis at the optimal conditions obtained by multiplex screening of 96 different reaction variables in reaction time, concentration, and product type. The proficiency of the flow parallel synthesizer is showcased by multiplex formation of various C-C, C-N, C-X, and C-S bonds, leading to optimization of 24 different aryl diazonium chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang-Noh Ahn
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Intelligent Microprocess Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784 Republic of Korea
| | - Brijesh M. Sharma
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Intelligent Microprocess Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784 Republic of Korea
| | - Santosh Lahore
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Intelligent Microprocess Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784 Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Jun Yim
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Intelligent Microprocess Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784 Republic of Korea
| | - Shinde Vidyacharan
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Intelligent Microprocess Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Pyo Kim
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Intelligent Microprocess Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784 Republic of Korea
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Chang T, Vong K, Yamamoto T, Tanaka K. Prodrug Activation by Gold Artificial Metalloenzyme‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Phenanthridinium Derivatives via Hydroamination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12446-12454. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung‐Che Chang
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Kenward Vong
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- GlycoTargeting Research Laboratory RIKEN Baton Zone Program, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Tomoya Yamamoto
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Katsunori Tanaka
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- GlycoTargeting Research Laboratory RIKEN Baton Zone Program, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
- Biofunctional Chemical Laboratory, A. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry Kazan Federal University 18 Kremlyovskaya Street 420008 Kazan Russia
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Chang T, Vong K, Yamamoto T, Tanaka K. Prodrug Activation by Gold Artificial Metalloenzyme‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Phenanthridinium Derivatives via Hydroamination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung‐Che Chang
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Kenward Vong
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- GlycoTargeting Research Laboratory RIKEN Baton Zone Program, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Tomoya Yamamoto
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Katsunori Tanaka
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- GlycoTargeting Research Laboratory RIKEN Baton Zone Program, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
- Biofunctional Chemical Laboratory, A. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry Kazan Federal University 18 Kremlyovskaya Street 420008 Kazan Russia
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Wang C, Yu Y, Liu WL, Duan WL. Site-Tunable Csp3–H Bonds Functionalization by Visible-Light-Induced Radical Translocation of N-Alkoxyphthalimides. Org Lett 2019; 21:9147-9152. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Road, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Yangyang Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Road, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Wen-Long Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Road, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Wei-Liang Duan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Road, Yangzhou 225002, China
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Sabatino V, Rebelein JG, Ward TR. "Close-to-Release": Spontaneous Bioorthogonal Uncaging Resulting from Ring-Closing Metathesis. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17048-17052. [PMID: 31503474 PMCID: PMC6823642 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Bioorthogonal uncaging reactions
offer versatile tools in chemical
biology. In recent years, reactions have been developed to proceed
efficiently under physiological conditions. We present herein an uncaging
reaction that results from ring-closing metathesis (RCM). A caged
molecule, tethered to a diolefinic substrate, is released via spontaneous
1,4-elimination following RCM. Using this strategy, which we term
“close-to-release”, we show that drugs and fluorescent
probes are uncaged with fast rates, including in the presence of mammalian
cells or in the periplasm of Escherichia coli. We envision that this tool may find applications in chemical biology,
bioengineering and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Sabatino
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , Building 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, Biopark Rosental , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Johannes G Rebelein
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , Building 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, Biopark Rosental , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Thomas R Ward
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , Building 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, Biopark Rosental , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
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