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Ro S, Park J, Yoo H, Han C, Lee A, Lee Y, Kim M, Han Y, Svensson A, Shin J, Ro CU, Hong S. Millennial-scale variability of Greenland dust provenance during the last glacial maximum as determined by single particle analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2040. [PMID: 38263283 PMCID: PMC10805741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52546-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Greenland ice core records exhibited 100-fold higher dust concentrations during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) than during the Holocene, and dust input temporal variability corresponded to different climate states in the LGM. While East Asian deserts, the Sahara, and European loess have been suggested as the potential source areas (PSAs) for Greenland LGM dust, millennial-scale variability in their relative contributions within the LGM remains poorly constrained. Here, we present the morphological, mineralogical, and geochemical characteristics of insoluble microparticles to constrain the provenance of dust in Greenland NEEM ice core samples covering cold Greenland Stadials (GS)-2.1a to GS-3 (~ 14.7 to 27.1 kyr ago) in the LGM. The analysis was conducted on individual particles in microdroplet samples by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Raman microspectroscopy. We found that the kaolinite-to-chlorite (K/C) ratios and chemical index of alteration (CIA) values were substantially higher (K/C: 1.4 ± 0.7, CIA: 74.7 ± 2.9) during GS-2.1a to 2.1c than during GS-3 (K/C: 0.5 ± 0.1, CIA: 65.8 ± 2.8). Our records revealed a significant increase in Saharan dust contributions from GS-2.1a to GS-2.1c and that the Gobi Desert and/or European loess were potential source(s) during GS-3. This conclusion is further supported by distinctly different carbon contents in particles corresponding to GS-2.1 and GS-3. These results are consistent with previous estimates of proportional dust source contributions obtained using a mixing model based on Pb and Sr isotopic compositions in NEEM LGM ice and indicate millennial-scale changes in Greenland dust provenance that are probably linked to large-scale atmospheric circulation variabilities during the LGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokhyun Ro
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
- Division of Glacial Environment Research, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghyeon Park
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
- Marine Environment Research Department, Ara Consulting and Technology, 30 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanjin Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
- Particle Pollution Research and Management Center, Inha University, 36 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhee Han
- Department of Water Environmental Safety Management, Korea Water Resources Corporation, 200 Sintanjin-ro, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, 34350, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahhyung Lee
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
- Unit of Frontier Exploration, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoojin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Division of Glacial Environment Research, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongcheol Han
- Division of Glacial Environment Research, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Anders Svensson
- Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Julian 10 Maries Vej 30, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jinhwa Shin
- Division of Glacial Environment Research, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Un Ro
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
- Particle Pollution Research and Management Center, Inha University, 36 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungmin Hong
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
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Prochnow M, Strobel P, Bliedtner M, Struck J, Bittner L, Szidat S, Salazar G, Schneider H, Acharya S, Zech M, Zech R. Summer paleohydrology during the Late Glacial and Early Holocene based on δ 2H and δ 18O from Bichlersee, Bavaria. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18487. [PMID: 37898674 PMCID: PMC10613243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Isotope-based records provide valuable information on past climate changes. However, it is not always trivial to disentangle past changes in the isotopic composition of precipitation from possible changes in evaporative enrichment, and seasonality may need to be considered. Here, we analyzed δ2H on n-alkanes and δ18O on hemicellulose sugars in sediments from Bichlersee, Bavaria, covering the Late Glacial and Early Holocene. Our δ2Hn-C31 record documents past changes in the isotopic composition of summer precipitation and roughly shows the isotope pattern known from Greenland. Both records show lower values during the Younger Dryas, but at Bichlersee the signal is less pronounced, corroborating earlier suggestions that the Younger Dryas was mainly a winter phenomenon and less extreme during summer. δ18Ofucose records the isotopic composition of the lake water during summer and is sensitive to evaporative enrichment. Coupling δ2Hn-C31 and δ18Ofucose allows calculating lake water deuterium-excess and thus disentangling changes in the isotopic composition of precipitation and evaporative enrichment. Our deuterium-excess record reveals that the warm Bølling-Allerød and Early Holocene were characterized by more evaporative enrichment compared to the colder Younger Dryas. Site-specific hydrological conditions, seasonality, and coupling δ2H and δ18O are thus important when interpreting isotope records.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Prochnow
- Chair of Physical Geography, Institute of Geography, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany.
| | - Paul Strobel
- Chair of Physical Geography, Institute of Geography, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Marcel Bliedtner
- Chair of Physical Geography, Institute of Geography, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Julian Struck
- Chair of Physical Geography, Institute of Geography, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Lucas Bittner
- Heisenberg Chair of Physical Geography with Focus on Paleoenvironmental Research, Institute of Geography, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sönke Szidat
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gary Salazar
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Heike Schneider
- Chair of Physical Geography, Institute of Geography, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Sudip Acharya
- Chair of Physical Geography, Institute of Geography, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Zech
- Heisenberg Chair of Physical Geography with Focus on Paleoenvironmental Research, Institute of Geography, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Roland Zech
- Chair of Physical Geography, Institute of Geography, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
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Bagniewski W, Rousseau DD, Ghil M. The PaleoJump database for abrupt transitions in past climates. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4472. [PMID: 36934110 PMCID: PMC10024733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tipping points (TPs) in Earth's climate system have been the subject of increasing interest and concern in recent years, given the risk that anthropogenic forcing could cause abrupt, potentially irreversible, climate transitions. Paleoclimate records are essential for identifying past TPs and for gaining a thorough understanding of the underlying nonlinearities and bifurcation mechanisms. However, the quality, resolution, and reliability of these records can vary, making it important to carefully select the ones that provide the most accurate representation of past climates. Moreover, as paleoclimate time series vary in their origin, time spans, and periodicities, an objective, automated methodology is crucial for identifying and comparing TPs. To address these challenges, we introduce the open-source PaleoJump database, which contains a collection of carefully selected, high-resolution records originating in ice cores, marine sediments, speleothems, terrestrial records, and lake sediments. These records describe climate variability on centennial, millennial and longer time scales and cover all the continents and ocean basins. We provide an overview of their spatial distribution and discuss the gaps in coverage. Our statistical methodology includes an augmented Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Recurrence Quantification Analysis; it is applied here, for illustration purposes, to selected records in which abrupt transitions are automatically detected and the presence of potential tipping elements is investigated. These transitions are shown in the PaleoJump database along with other essential information about the records, including location, temporal scale and resolution, as well as temporal plots. This open-source database represents, therefore, a valuable resource for researchers investigating TPs in past climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold Bagniewski
- Department of Geosciences and Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (CNRS and IPSL), École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Paris, France.
| | - Denis-Didier Rousseau
- Geosciences Montpellier, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Physics - CSE, Division of Geochronology and Environmental Isotopes, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Michael Ghil
- Department of Geosciences and Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (CNRS and IPSL), École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Paris, France
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
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Sea ice fluctuations in the Baffin Bay and the Labrador Sea during glacial abrupt climate changes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203468119. [PMID: 36279448 PMCID: PMC9636944 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203468119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea ice decline in the North Atlantic and Nordic Seas has been proposed to contribute to the repeated abrupt atmospheric warmings recorded in Greenland ice cores during the last glacial period, known as Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events. However, the understanding of how sea ice changes were coupled with abrupt climate changes during D-O events has remained incomplete due to a lack of suitable high-resolution sea ice proxy records from northwestern North Atlantic regions. Here, we present a subdecadal-scale bromine enrichment (Br
enr
) record from the NEEM ice core (Northwest Greenland) and sediment core biomarker records to reconstruct the variability of seasonal sea ice in the Baffin Bay and Labrador Sea over a suite of D-O events between 34 and 42 ka. Our results reveal repeated shifts between stable, multiyear sea ice (MYSI) conditions during cold stadials and unstable, seasonal sea ice conditions during warmer interstadials. The shift from stadial to interstadial sea ice conditions occurred rapidly and synchronously with the atmospheric warming over Greenland, while the amplitude of high-frequency sea ice fluctuations increased through interstadials. Our findings suggest that the rapid replacement of widespread MYSI with seasonal sea ice amplified the abrupt climate warming over the course of D-O events and highlight the role of feedbacks associated with late-interstadial seasonal sea ice expansion in driving the North Atlantic ocean–climate system back to stadial conditions.
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