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Sun J, Liu Z, Xia F, Wang T, Jiang N, Chen Y, Meng F, Lu S, Gu Y, Yang X, Zhang C, Gao X. Uncovering the Nexus between Urban Heat Islands and Material Stocks of Built Environment in 335 Chinese Cities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:13760-13771. [PMID: 39051920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c04739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
China's unprecedented rapid urbanization has dramatically reshaped the urban built environment, disrupting the thermal balance of cities. This disruption causes the urban heat island (UHI) effect, adversely affecting urban sustainability and public health. Although studies have highlighted the remarkable impacts of the built environment on UHIs, the specific effects of its various structures and components remain unclear. In this study, a multidimensional remote sensing data set was used to quantify the atmospheric UHIs across 335 Chinese cities from 1980 to 2020. In conjunction with stocks of three end-use sectors and three material groups, the impacts of gridded material stocks on UHI variations were analyzed. The findings reveal that building stocks exert a predominant influence in 48% of cities. Additionally, the extensive use of metal and inorganic materials has increased thermal stress in 220 cities, leading to an average UHI increase of 0.54 °C. The effect of organic materials, primarily arising from mobile heat sources, is continuously increasing. Overall, this study elucidates the effect of the functional structure and material composition of urban landscapes on UHIs, highlighting the complexities associated with the influence of the built environment on the urban heat load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Rd., Chongqing 400044, China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Zezhuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd., Shanghai 200092, China
- UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd., Shanghai 200092, China
- Key Laboratory of Cities' Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change in Shanghai, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Nanxi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yehua Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Feidan Meng
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Rd., Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Sha Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd., Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yilu Gu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Xining Yang
- School of Economics and Management, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden 2333RA, The Netherlands
| | - Chunbo Zhang
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden 2333RA, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaofeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
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Sun J, Wang T, Jiang N, Liu Z, Gao X. Gridded material stocks in China based on geographical and geometric configurations of the built-environment. Sci Data 2023; 10:915. [PMID: 38123553 PMCID: PMC10733388 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02830-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Material stocks have created alternative perspectives in many environmental and climate studies. Their significance nonetheless may be under-explored, partially due to scarcity of more precise, timely and higher-resolution information. To address this limitation, our present study developed a gridded material stocks dataset for China in Year 2000 and 2020, by examining the geographical distribution and geometric configurations of the human-made stock-containing environment. The stocks of twelve materials embodied in five end-use sectors and 104 products and constructions were assessed at a resolution of 1 × 1 km grid. Material intensity in each product or construction component was carefully evaluated and tagged with its geometric conformation. The gridded stocks aggregately are consistent with the stock estimation across 337 prefectures and municipalities. The reliability of our assessment was also validated by previous studies from national, regional, to grid levels. This gridded mapping of material stocks may offer insights for urban-rural disparities, urban mining opportunity, and climate and natural disaster resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Rd., Chongqing, 400044, China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd., Shanghai, 200092, China.
- UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd., Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd., Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Nanxi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zezhuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Xiaofeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
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Li X, Song L, Liu Q, Ouyang X, Mao T, Lu H, Liu L, Liu X, Chen W, Liu G. Product, building, and infrastructure material stocks dataset for 337 Chinese cities between 1978 and 2020. Sci Data 2023; 10:228. [PMID: 37080990 PMCID: PMC10119088 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02143-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Reliable city-level product, building, and infrastructure material stocks data are essential for understanding historical material use patterns, benchmarking material efficiency, and informing future recycling potentials. However, such urban material stocks data are often limited, due primarily to unavailable, inconsistent, or noncontinuous city-level statistics. Here, we provided such an Urban Product, Building, and Infrastructure Material Stocks (UPBIMS) dataset for China, a country that has undergone a remarkable urbanization process in the past decades, by collating different official statistics and applying various gap-filling methods. This dataset contains the stock of 24 materials contained in 10 types of products, buildings, and infrastructure in all 337 prefecture-level cities in China from 1978 to 2020. This quality controlled and unified dataset is the first of its kind with such a full coverage of all prefecture-level Chinese cities and can be used in a variety of applications, for example in urban geography, industrial ecology, circular economy, and climate change mitigation. Every piece of data is tagged with its source and the dataset will be periodically updated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lulu Song
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 361021, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, 361021, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qiance Liu
- Department of Green Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5230, Denmark
| | - Xin Ouyang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ting Mao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 361021, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Haojie Lu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 361021, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Litao Liu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 361021, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
- Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, 361021, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
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