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Edwards BR, Thamatrakoln K, Fredricks HF, Bidle KD, Van Mooy BAS. Viral Infection Leads to a Unique Suite of Allelopathic Chemical Signals in Three Diatom Host-Virus Pairs. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:228. [PMID: 38786618 PMCID: PMC11123003 DOI: 10.3390/md22050228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ecophysiological stress and the grazing of diatoms are known to elicit the production of chemical defense compounds called oxylipins, which are toxic to a wide range of marine organisms. Here we show that (1) the viral infection and lysis of diatoms resulted in oxylipin production; (2) the suite of compounds produced depended on the diatom host and the infecting virus; and (3) the virus-mediated oxylipidome was distinct, in both magnitude and diversity, from oxylipins produced due to stress associated with the growth phase. We used high-resolution accurate-mass mass spectrometry to observe changes in the dissolved lipidome of diatom cells infected with viruses over 3 to 4 days, compared to diatom cells in exponential, stationary, and decline phases of growth. Three host virus pairs were used as model systems: Chaetoceros tenuissimus infected with CtenDNAV; C. tenuissimus infected with CtenRNAV; and Chaetoceros socialis infected with CsfrRNAV. Several of the compounds that were significantly overproduced during viral infection are known to decrease the reproductive success of copepods and interfere with microzooplankton grazing. Specifically, oxylipins associated with allelopathy towards zooplankton from the 6-, 9-, 11-, and 15-lipogenase (LOX) pathways were significantly more abundant during viral lysis. 9-hydroperoxy hexadecatetraenoic acid was identified as the strongest biomarker for the infection of Chaetoceros diatoms. C. tenuissimus produced longer, more oxidized oxylipins when lysed by CtenRNAV compared to CtenDNAV. However, CtenDNAV caused a more statistically significant response in the lipidome, producing more oxylipins from known diatom LOX pathways than CtenRNAV. A smaller set of compounds was significantly more abundant in stationary and declining C. tenuissimus and C. socialis controls. Two allelopathic oxylipins in the 15-LOX pathway and essential fatty acids, arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were more abundant in the stationary phase than during the lysis of C. socialis. The host-virus pair comparisons underscore the species-level differences in oxylipin production and the value of screening more host-virus systems. We propose that the viral infection of diatoms elicits chemical defense via oxylipins which deters grazing with downstream trophic and biogeochemical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethanie R. Edwards
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Falmouth, MA 02543, USA; (H.F.F.); (B.A.S.V.M.)
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kimberlee Thamatrakoln
- Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (K.T.); (K.D.B.)
| | - Helen F. Fredricks
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Falmouth, MA 02543, USA; (H.F.F.); (B.A.S.V.M.)
| | - Kay D. Bidle
- Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (K.T.); (K.D.B.)
| | - Benjamin A. S. Van Mooy
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Falmouth, MA 02543, USA; (H.F.F.); (B.A.S.V.M.)
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Elloumi A, Mas-Normand L, Bride J, Reversat G, Bultel-Poncé V, Guy A, Oger C, Demion M, Le Guennec JY, Durand T, Vigor C, Sánchez-Illana Á, Galano JM. From MS/MS library implementation to molecular networks: Exploring oxylipin diversity with NEO-MSMS. Sci Data 2024; 11:193. [PMID: 38351090 PMCID: PMC10864323 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins, small polar molecules derived from the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), serve as biomarkers for many diseases and play crucial roles in human physiology and inflammation. Despite their significance, many non-enzymatic oxygenated metabolites of PUFAs (NEO-PUFAs) remain poorly reported, resulting in a lack of public datasets of experimental data and limiting their dereplication in further studies. To overcome this limitation, we constructed a high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) dataset comprising pure NEO-PUFAs (both commercial and self-synthesized) and in vitro free radical-induced oxidation of diverse PUFAs. By employing molecular networking techniques with this dataset and the existent ones in public repositories, we successfully mapped a wide range of NEO-PUFAs, expanding the strategies for annotating oxylipins, and NEO-PUFAs and offering a novel workflow for profiling these molecules in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Elloumi
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247-CNRS, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Lindsay Mas-Normand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247-CNRS, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Jamie Bride
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, Inserm U1046, UMR CNRS 9412, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Reversat
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247-CNRS, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Bultel-Poncé
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247-CNRS, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Guy
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247-CNRS, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247-CNRS, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Demion
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, Inserm U1046, UMR CNRS 9412, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Yves Le Guennec
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, Inserm U1046, UMR CNRS 9412, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247-CNRS, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Vigor
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247-CNRS, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Ángel Sánchez-Illana
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247-CNRS, 34293, Montpellier, France.
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247-CNRS, 34293, Montpellier, France.
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