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Kanao E, Ishida K, Mizuta R, Li Y, Imami K, Tanigawa T, Sasaki Y, Akiyoshi K, Adachi J, Otsuka K, Ishihama Y, Kubo T. Rapid and Highly Efficient Purification of Extracellular Vesicles Enabled by a TiO 2 Hybridized Spongy-like Polymer. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14502-14510. [PMID: 37703188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
We developed a novel purification medium of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by constructing a spongy-like monolithic polymer kneaded with TiO2 microparticles (TiO2-hybridized spongy monolith, TiO2-SPM). TiO2-SPM was applied in a solid-phase extraction format and enabled simple, rapid, and highly efficient purification of EVs. This is due to the high permeability caused by the continuous large flow-through pores of the monolithic skeleton (median pore size; 5.21 μm) and the specific interaction of embedded TiO2 with phospholipids of the lipid bilayers. Our method also excels in efficiency and comprehensiveness, collecting small EVs (SEVs) from the same volume of a cell culture medium 130.7 times more than typical ultracentrifugation and 4.3 times more than affinity purification targeting surface phosphatidylserine by magnetic beads. The purification method was completed within 1 h with simple operations and was directly applied to serum SEVs. Finally, we demonstrated flexibility toward the shape and size of our method by depleting EVs from fetal bovine serum (FBS), which is a necessary process to prevent contamination of culture cell-derived EVs with exogenous FBS-derived EVs. Our method will eliminate the tedious and difficult purification processes of EVs, providing a universal purification platform for EV-based drug discovery and pathological diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Kanao
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki 567-0085, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koki Ishida
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Mizuta
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuka Li
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Koshi Imami
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tanigawa
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sasaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jun Adachi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki 567-0085, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Otsuka
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ishihama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki 567-0085, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Kubo
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Kubo T, Kanao E, Ishida K, Minami S, Tanigawa T, Mizuta R, Sasaki Y, Otsuka K, Kobayashi T. Efficient Selective Adsorption of SARS-CoV-2 via the Recognition of Spike Proteins Using an Affinity Spongy Monolith. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13185-13190. [PMID: 37610704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, the infection has been spreading to date. The rate of false-negative result on a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test considered the gold standard is roughly 20%. Therefore, its accuracy poses a question as well as needs improvement in the test. This study reports fabrication of a substrate of an anti-spike protein (AS)-immobilized porous material having selective adsorption toward a spike protein protruding from the surface of SARS-CoV-2. We have employed an organic polymer substrate called spongy monolith (SPM). The SPM has through-pores of about 10 μm and is adequate for flowing liquid containing virus particles. It also involves an epoxy group on the surface, enabling arbitrary proteins such as antibodies to immobilize. When antibodies of the spike protein toward receptor binding domain were immobilized, selective adsorption of the spike protein was observed. At the same time, when mixed analytes of spike proteins, lysozymes and amylases, were flowed into an AS-SPM, selective adsorption toward the spike proteins was observed. Then, SARS-CoV-2 was flowed into the BSA-SPM or AS-SPM, amounts of SARS-CoV-2 adsorption toward the AS-SPM were much larger compared to the ones toward the BSA-SPM. Furthermore, rotavirus was not adsorbed to the AS-SPM at all. These results show that the AS-SPM recognizes selectively the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and may be possible applications for the purification and concentration of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kubo
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kanao
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Ibaraki 567-0085, Japan
| | - Koki Ishida
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shohei Minami
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tanigawa
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Mizuta
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-Ko, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sasaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-Ko, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Koji Otsuka
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kobayashi
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Kanao E, Wada S, Nishida H, Kubo T, Tanigawa T, Imami K, Shimoda A, Umezaki K, Sasaki Y, Akiyoshi K, Adachi J, Otsuka K, Ishihama Y. Classification of Extracellular Vesicles Based on Surface Glycan Structures by Spongy-like Separation Media. Anal Chem 2022; 94:18025-18033. [PMID: 36511577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer vesicles that enclose various biomolecules. EVs hold promise as sensitive biomarkers to detect and monitor various diseases. However, they have heterogeneous molecular compositions. The compositions of EVs from identical donor cells obtained using the same purification methods may differ, which is a significant obstacle for elucidating objective biological functions. Herein, the potential of a novel lectin-based affinity chromatography (LAC) method to classify EVs based on their glycan structures is demonstrated. The proposed method utilizes a spongy-like monolithic polymer (spongy monolith, SPM), which consists of poly(ethylene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) with continuous micropores and allows an efficient in situ protein reaction with epoxy groups. Two distinct lectins with different specificities, Sambucus sieboldiana agglutinin and concanavalin A, are effectively immobilized on SPM without impacting the binding activity. Moreover, high recovery rates of liposomal nanoparticles as a model of EVs are achieved due to the large flow-through pores (>10 μm) of SPM compared to a typical agarose gel. Finally, lectin-immobilized SPMs are employed to classify EVs based on the surface glycan structures and demonstrate different subpopulations by proteome profiling. This is the first approach to clarify the variation of protein contents in EVs by the difference of surface glycans via lectin immobilized media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Kanao
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto606-8501, Japan.,National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka567-0085, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Wada
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishida
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka567-0085, Japan
| | - Takuya Kubo
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tanigawa
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Koshi Imami
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto606-8501, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama332-0012, Japan
| | - Asako Shimoda
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Kaori Umezaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sasaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Jun Adachi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto606-8501, Japan.,National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka567-0085, Japan
| | - Koji Otsuka
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ishihama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto606-8501, Japan.,National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka567-0085, Japan
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Morellon-Sterling R, Tavano O, Bolivar JM, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Vela-Gutiérrez G, Sabir JSM, Tacias-Pascacio VG, Fernandez-Lafuente R. A review on the immobilization of pepsin: A Lys-poor enzyme that is unstable at alkaline pH values. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 210:682-702. [PMID: 35508226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Pepsin is a protease used in many different applications, and in many instances, it is utilized in an immobilized form to prevent contamination of the reaction product. This enzyme has two peculiarities that make its immobilization complex. The first one is related to the poor presence of primary amino groups on its surface (just one Lys and the terminal amino group). The second one is its poor stability at alkaline pH values. Both features make the immobilization of this enzyme to be considered a complicated goal, as most of the immobilization protocols utilize primary amino groups for immobilization. This review presents some of the attempts to get immobilized pepsin biocatalyst and their applications. The high density of anionic groups (Asp and Glu) make the anion exchange of the enzyme simpler, but this makes many of the strategies utilized to immobilize the enzyme (e.g., amino-glutaraldehyde supports) more related to a mixed ion exchange/hydrophobic adsorption than to real covalent immobilization. Finally, we propose some possibilities that can permit not only the covalent immobilization of this enzyme, but also their stabilization via multipoint covalent attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Morellon-Sterling
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Student of Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, Campus UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Tavano
- Faculty of Nutrition, Alfenas Federal Univ., 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St, Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Juan M Bolivar
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Complutense Ave., Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Ángel Berenguer-Murcia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Gilber Vela-Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Lib. Norte Pte. 1150, 29039 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Jamal S M Sabir
- Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Veymar G Tacias-Pascacio
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Lib. Norte Pte. 1150, 29039 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico; Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km. 1080, 29050 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico.
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, External Scientific Advisory Academics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Poddar S, Sharmeen S, Hage DS. Affinity monolith chromatography: A review of general principles and recent developments. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:2577-2598. [PMID: 34293192 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Affinity monolith chromatography (AMC) is a liquid chromatographic technique that utilizes a monolithic support with a biological ligand or related binding agent to isolate, enrich, or detect a target analyte in a complex matrix. The target-specific interaction exhibited by the binding agents makes AMC attractive for the separation or detection of a wide range of compounds. This article will review the basic principles of AMC and recent developments in this field. The supports used in AMC will be discussed, including organic, inorganic, hybrid, carbohydrate, and cryogel monoliths. Schemes for attaching binding agents to these monoliths will be examined as well, such as covalent immobilization, biospecific adsorption, entrapment, molecular imprinting, and coordination methods. An overview will then be given of binding agents that have recently been used in AMC, along with their applications. These applications will include bioaffinity chromatography, immunoaffinity chromatography, immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography, and dye-ligand or biomimetic affinity chromatography. The use of AMC in chiral separations and biointeraction studies will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumen Poddar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA
| | - Sadia Sharmeen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA
| | - David S Hage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA
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6
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Wang C, Senapati S, Chang HC. Liquid biopsy technologies based on membrane microfluidics: High-yield purification and selective quantification of biomarkers in nanocarriers. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1878-1892. [PMID: 32180242 PMCID: PMC7492446 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy, screening cancer non-invasively and frequently by detecting and quantifying molecular markers in physiological fluids, would significantly improve cancer survival rate but it remains a distant goal. The key obstacles presented by the highly heterogeneous samples are rapid/high-yield purification and precise/selective marker capture by their antibody and oligo probes. As irregular expressions of these molecular biomarkers are the key signals, quantifying only those from the cancer cells would greatly enhance the performance of the screening tests. The recent discovery that the biomarkers are carried by nanocarriers, such as exosomes, with cell-specific membrane proteins suggests that such selection may be possible, although a new suite of fractionation and quantification technologies would need to be developed. Although under-appreciated, membrane microfluidics has made considerable contributions to resolving these issues. We review the progress made so far, based on ion-selective, track-etched, and gel membranes and advanced electrophoretic and nano-filtration designs, in this perspective and suggest future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceming Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Satyajyoti Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
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Kobayashi H, Okada K, Tokuda S, Kanao E, Masuda Y, Naito T, Takaya H, Yan M, Kubo T, Otsuka K. Separation of saccharides using fullerene-bonded silica monolithic columns via π interactions in liquid chromatography. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13850. [PMID: 32796903 PMCID: PMC7429847 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70904-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on a potential method to separate sugars by using the specific interaction between fullerenes and saccharides in liquid chromatography (LC). Aromatic rings with high electron density are believed to interact strongly with saccharides due to CH–π and/or OH–π interactions. In this study, the fullerene-bonded columns were used to separate saccharides by LC under aqueous conditions. As a result, 2-aminobenzamide-labeled glucose homopolymer (Glcs) was effectively separated by both C60 and C70 columns in the range of Glc-1 to Glc-20 and high blood glucose level being retained in greater quantity. Furthermore, similar separations were identified by LC–mass spectrometry with non-labeled glucose homopolymers. Theoretical study based on molecular dynamics and DFT calculation demonstrated that a supramolecular complex of saccharide–fullerene was formed through CH–π and/or OH–π interactions, and that the interactions between saccharide and fullerene increase with the increase units of the saccharide. Additionally, the C60 column retained disaccharides containing maltose, trehalose, and sucrose. In this case, it was assumed that the retention rates were determined by the difference of the dipole moment in each saccharide. These results suggest that the dipole-induced dipole interaction was dominant, and that maltose—with the higher dipole moment—was more strongly retained compared to other disaccharides having lower dipole moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Shinwa Chemical Industries Ltd., 50-2, Kagekatsu-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8307, Japan
| | - Kazuya Okada
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Tokuda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kanao
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Masuda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Naito
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hikaru Takaya
- Institute of Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokashou, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave., Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Takuya Kubo
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Koji Otsuka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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de Moraes MC, Cardoso CL, Cass QB. Solid-Supported Proteins in the Liquid Chromatography Domain to Probe Ligand-Target Interactions. Front Chem 2019; 7:752. [PMID: 31803714 PMCID: PMC6873629 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand-target interactions play a central role in drug discovery processes because these interactions are crucial in biological systems. Small molecules-proteins interactions can regulate and modulate protein function and activity through conformational changes. Therefore, bioanalytical tools to screen new ligands have focused mainly on probing ligand-target interactions. These interactions have been evaluated by using solid-supported proteins, which provide advantages like increased protein stability and easier protein extraction from the reaction medium, which enables protein reuse. In some specific approaches, precisely in the ligand fishing assay, the bioanalytical method allows the ligands to be directly isolated from complex mixtures, including combinatorial libraries and natural products extracts without prior purification or fractionation steps. Most of these screening assays are based on liquid chromatography separation, and the binding events can be monitored through on-line or off-line methods. In the on-line approaches, solid supports containing the immobilized biological target are used as chromatographic columns most of the time. Several terms have been used to refer to such approaches, such as weak affinity chromatography, high-performance affinity chromatography, on-flow activity assays, and high-performance liquid affinity chromatography. On the other hand, in the off-line approaches, the binding event occurs outside the liquid chromatography system and may encompass affinity and activity-based assays in which the biological target is immobilized on magnetic particles or monolithic silica, among others. After the incubation step, the supernatant or the eluate from the binding assay is analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to various detectors. Regardless of the selected bioanalytical approach, the use of solid supported proteins has significantly contributed to the development of automated and reliable screening methods that enable ligands to be isolated and characterized in complex matrixes without purification, thereby reducing costs and avoiding time-laborious steps. This review provides a critical overview of recently developed assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Cristina de Moraes
- Laboratório SINCROMA, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Carmen Lucia Cardoso
- Grupo de Cromatografia de Bioafinidade e Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Quezia Bezerra Cass
- Separare, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
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Song I, Kang YJ, Choi SL, Han D, Kim DS, Lee HK, Lee JC, Park J, Kim DS, Ko K. Purification of plant-derived anti-virus mAb through optimized pH conditions for coupling between protein A and epoxy-activated beads. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6828. [PMID: 31149395 PMCID: PMC6534112 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The main goal of this research was to determine optimum pH conditions for coupling between protein A and epoxy-activated Sepharose beads for purification of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) expressed in plants. To confirm the effect of pH conditions on purification efficacy, epoxy-activated agarose beads were coupled to protein A under the pH conditions of 8.5, 9.5, 10.5, and 11.5 (8.5R, 9.5R, 10.5R, and 11.5R, respectively). A total of 300 g of fresh leaf tissue of transgenic Arabidopsis expressing human anti-rabies mAb (mAbP) SO57 were harvested to isolate the total soluble protein (TSP). An equal amount of TSP solution was applied to five resin groups including commercial protein A resin (GR) as a positive control. The modified 8.5R, 9.5R, 10.5R, and 11.5R showed delayed elution timing compared to the GR control resin. Nano-drop analysis showed that the total amount of purified mAbPSO57 mAbs from 60 g of fresh leaf mass were not significantly different among 8.5R (400 μg), 9.5R (360 μg), 10.5R (380 μg), and GR (350 μg). The 11.5R (25 μg) had the least mAbPSO57. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the purity of mAbPSO57 was not significantly different among the five groups. Rapid fluorescent focus inhibition tests revealed that virus-neutralizing efficacies of purified mAbPSO57 from all the five different resins including the positive control resin were similar. Taken together, both pH 8.5 and 10.5 coupling conditions with high recovery rate should be optimized for purification of mAbPSO57 from transgenic Arabidopsis plant, which will eventually reduce down-stream cost required for mAb production using the plant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilchan Song
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yang Joo Kang
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Lim Choi
- Protein Purification Laboratory, Biotech R&D Center, Amicogen, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Dalmuri Han
- Division of Bacterial Disease Research, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, South Korea
| | - Deuk-Su Kim
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hae Kyung Lee
- Division of Bacterial Disease Research, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, South Korea
| | - Joon-Chul Lee
- Research Institute of Industrial Technology Convergence, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Jeanho Park
- Research Institute of Industrial Technology Convergence, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Do-Sun Kim
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Kisung Ko
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
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NISHIMURA N, NAITO T, KUBO T, OTSUKA K. Suppression of Hydrophobicity and Optimizations of a Ligand-Immobilization for Effective Affinity Chromatography Using a Spongy Monolith. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2018. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2018.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takuya KUBO
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Koji OTSUKA
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
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Lynch KB, Ren J, Beckner MA, He C, Liu S. Monolith columns for liquid chromatographic separations of intact proteins: A review of recent advances and applications. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1046:48-68. [PMID: 30482303 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this article we survey 256 references (with an emphasis on the papers published in the past decade) on monolithic columns for intact protein separation. Protein enrichment and purification are included in the broadly defined separation. After a brief introduction, we describe the types of monolithic columns and modes of chromatographic separations employed for protein separations. While the majority of the work is still in the research and development phase, papers have been published toward utilizing monolithic columns for practical applications. We survey these papers as well in this review. Characteristics of selected methods along with their pros and cons will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle B Lynch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, United States
| | - Jiangtao Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, United States
| | - Matthew A Beckner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, United States
| | - Chiyang He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, 1 Textile Road, Wuhan, 430073, PR China
| | - Shaorong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, United States.
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Gevrek TN, Cosar M, Aydin D, Kaga E, Arslan M, Sanyal R, Sanyal A. Facile Fabrication of a Modular "Catch and Release" Hydrogel Interface: Harnessing Thiol-Disulfide Exchange for Reversible Protein Capture and Cell Attachment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:14399-14409. [PMID: 29637775 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Surfaces engineered to "specifically capture" and "release on demand" analytes ranging from biomolecules to cells find niche applications in areas such as diagnostics and detection. Utilization of a disulfide-based linker as a building block allows fabrication of a novel hydrogel-based platform that incorporates a "catch and release" attribute. Hydrogels incorporating pyridyl disulfide groups as thiol-reactive handles were prepared by photopolymerization in the presence of a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based cross-linker. A range of bulk and micropatterned hydrogels with varying amounts of the reactive group were prepared using PEG-based monomers with different chain lengths. Thiol-containing molecules were conjugated to these hydrogels through the thiol-disulfide exchange reaction under ambient conditions with high efficiencies, as determined by UV-vis spectroscopy. Facile conjugation of a thiol-containing fluorescent dye, namely 4,4-difluoro-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-8-[(10-mercapto)]-4-bora-3 a,4 a-diaza- s-indacene, was demonstrated, followed by its effective cleavage in the presence of dithiothreitol (DTT), a thiol-containing disulfide-reducing agent. Conjugation of a biotin-containing ligand onto the hydrogels allowed specific binding of protein extravidin when exposed to a mixture of extravidin and bovine serum albumin. The bound protein could be released from the hydrogel by simple exposure to a DTT solution. Likewise, hydrogels modified with a cell-adhesive peptide unit containing the RGD sequence acted as favorable substrates for cellular attachment. Incubation of these cell-attached hydrogel surfaces in a DTT-containing solution leads to facile detachment of cells from the surfaces, while retaining a high level of cell viability. It can be envisioned that the benign nature of these hydrogels, their facile fabrication, and modular functionalization will make them attractive platforms for many applications.
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Salimi K, Usta DD, Koçer İ, Çelik E, Tuncel A. Protein A and protein A/G coupled magnetic SiO2 microspheres for affinity purification of immunoglobulin G. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:178-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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