1
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Liu R, Qian MP, Cui YY. Protein kinases: The key contributors in pathogenesis and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-derived hepatocellular carcinoma. Metabolism 2023; 147:155665. [PMID: 37517794 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases (PKs), one of the largest protein families, can be further divided into different groups based on their substrate or structure and function. PKs are important signaling messengers in numerous life activities, including cell metabolism, proliferation, division, differentiation, senescence, death, and disease. Among PK-related diseases, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been recognized as a major contributor to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver transplantation. Unfortunately, NAFLD-derived HCC (NAFLD-HCC) has poor prognosis because it is typically accompanied by older age, multiple metabolic syndromes, obstacles in early-stage diagnosis, and limited licensed drugs for treatment. Accumulating evidence suggests that PKs are implicated in the pathogenic process of NAFLD-HCC, via aberrant metabolism, hypoxia, autophagy, hypoxia, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and/or immune cell rearrangement. The present review aims to summarize the latest research advances and emphasize the feasibility and effectiveness of therapeutic strategies that regulate the expression and activities of PKs. This might yield clinically significant effects and lead to the design of novel PK-targeting therapies. Furthermore, we discuss emerging PK-based strategies for the treatment of other malignant diseases similar to NAFLD-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ming-Ping Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou First People's Hospital, Anhui 234099, China; Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ying-Yu Cui
- Department of Cell Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200331, China; Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200331, China; Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China (Tongji University), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200331, China.
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2
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Lee YT, Fujiwara N, Yang JD, Hoshida Y. Risk stratification and early detection biomarkers for precision HCC screening. Hepatology 2023; 78:319-362. [PMID: 36082510 PMCID: PMC9995677 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mortality remains high primarily due to late diagnosis as a consequence of failed early detection. Professional societies recommend semi-annual HCC screening in at-risk patients with chronic liver disease to increase the likelihood of curative treatment receipt and improve survival. However, recent dynamic shift of HCC etiologies from viral to metabolic liver diseases has significantly increased the potential target population for the screening, whereas annual incidence rate has become substantially lower. Thus, with the contemporary HCC etiologies, the traditional screening approach might not be practical and cost-effective. HCC screening consists of (i) definition of rational at-risk population, and subsequent (ii) repeated application of early detection tests to the population at regular intervals. The suboptimal performance of the currently available HCC screening tests highlights an urgent need for new modalities and strategies to improve early HCC detection. In this review, we overview recent developments of clinical, molecular, and imaging-based tools to address the current challenge, and discuss conceptual framework and approaches of their clinical translation and implementation. These encouraging progresses are expected to transform the current "one-size-fits-all" HCC screening into individualized precision approaches to early HCC detection and ultimately improve the poor HCC prognosis in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Te Lee
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Naoto Fujiwara
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ju Dong Yang
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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3
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Schlosser S, Tümen D, Volz B, Neumeyer K, Egler N, Kunst C, Tews HC, Schmid S, Kandulski A, Müller M, Gülow K. HCC biomarkers - state of the old and outlook to future promising biomarkers and their potential in everyday clinical practice. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1016952. [PMID: 36518320 PMCID: PMC9742592 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1016952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and deadly tumors worldwide. Management of HCC depends on reliable biomarkers for screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of the disease, as well as predicting response towards therapy and safety. To date, imaging has been the established standard technique in the diagnosis and follow-up of HCC. However, imaging techniques have their limitations, especially in the early detection of HCC. Therefore, there is an urgent need for reliable, non/minimal invasive biomarkers. To date, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the only serum biomarker used in clinical practice for the management of HCC. However, AFP is of relatively rather low quality in terms of specificity and sensitivity. Liquid biopsies as a source for biomarkers have become the focus of clinical research. Our review highlights alternative biomarkers derived from liquid biopsies, including circulating tumor cells, proteins, circulating nucleic acids, and exosomes, and their potential for clinical application. Using defined combinations of different biomarkers will open new perspectives for diagnosing, treating, and monitoring HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Karsten Gülow
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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4
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Antoniali G, Dalla E, Mangiapane G, Zhao X, Jing X, Cheng Y, De Sanctis V, Ayyildiz D, Piazza S, Li M, Tell G. APE1 controls DICER1 expression in NSCLC through miR-33a and miR-130b. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:446. [PMID: 35876890 PMCID: PMC9314295 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04443-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests different, not completely understood roles of microRNA biogenesis in the development and progression of lung cancer. The overexpression of the DNA repair protein apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 (APE1) is an important cause of poor chemotherapeutic response in lung cancer and its involvement in onco-miRNAs biogenesis has been recently described. Whether APE1 regulates miRNAs acting as prognostic biomarkers of lung cancer has not been investigated, yet. In this study, we analyzed miRNAs differential expression upon APE1 depletion in the A549 lung cancer cell line using high-throughput methods. We defined a signature of 13 miRNAs that strongly correlate with APE1 expression in human lung cancer: miR-1246, miR-4488, miR-24, miR-183, miR-660, miR-130b, miR-543, miR-200c, miR-376c, miR-218, miR-146a, miR-92b and miR-33a. Functional enrichment analysis of this signature revealed its biological relevance in cancer cell proliferation and survival. We validated DICER1 as a direct functional target of the APE1-regulated miRNA-33a-5p and miR-130b-3p. Importantly, IHC analyses of different human tumors confirmed a negative correlation existing between APE1 and Dicer1 protein levels. DICER1 downregulation represents a prognostic marker of cancer development but the mechanisms at the basis of this phenomenon are still completely unknown. Our findings, suggesting that APE1 modulates DICER1 expression via miR-33a and miR-130b, reveal new mechanistic insights on DICER1 regulation, which are of relevance in lung cancer chemoresistance and cancer invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Antoniali
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Emiliano Dalla
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mangiapane
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Xiaolong Zhao
- Cancer Center of Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinming Jing
- Cancer Center of Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Cancer Center of Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Veronica De Sanctis
- Next Generation Sequence Facility, Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Dilara Ayyildiz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Silvano Piazza
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.,Computational Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ICGEB, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mengxia Li
- Cancer Center of Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Gianluca Tell
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
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5
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Kubota N, Fujiwara N, Hoshida Y. Liver cancer risk-predictive molecular biomarkers specific to clinico-epidemiological contexts. Adv Cancer Res 2022; 156:1-37. [PMID: 35961696 PMCID: PMC7616039 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk prediction is increasingly important because of the low annual HCC incidence in patients with the rapidly emerging non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or cured HCV infection. To date, numerous clinical HCC risk biomarkers and scores have been reported in literature. However, heterogeneity in clinico-epidemiological context, e.g., liver disease etiology, patient race/ethnicity, regional environmental exposure, and lifestyle-related factors, obscure their real clinical utility and applicability. Proper characterization of these factors will help refine HCC risk prediction according to certain clinical context/scenarios and contribute to improved early HCC detection. Molecular factors underlying the clinical heterogeneity encompass various features in host genetics, hepatic and systemic molecular dysregulations, and cross-organ interactions, which may serve as clinical-context-specific biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets. Toward the goal to enable individual-risk-based HCC screening by incorporating the HCC risk biomarkers/scores, their assessment in patient with well-defined clinical context/scenario is critical to gauge their real value and to maximize benefit of the tailored patient management for substantial improvement of the poor HCC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Kubota
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Naoto Fujiwara
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
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6
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Ratnasari N, Lestari P, Renovaldi D, Raditya Ningsih J, Qoriansas N, Wardana T, Hakim S, Signa Aini Gumilas N, Indrarti F, Triwikatmani C, Bayupurnama P, Setyo Heriyanto D, Astuti I, Mubarika Harjana S. Potential plasma biomarkers: miRNA-29c, miRNA-21, and miRNA-155 in clinical progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma patients. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263298. [PMID: 35157721 PMCID: PMC8843218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated differences in the clinical appearance of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on plasma level and regulation of microRNAs (miRNA-29c, miRNA-21, and miRNA-155). The observational-analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 36 HCC patients and 36 healthy controls. The blood samples were collected from 2 Province Hospitals (Dr. Sardjito Hospital and Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Hospital) for HCC and the Blood Bank Donor of the Indonesian Red Cross for 36 healthy controls. These blood samples were treated as follows: plasma isolation, RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis, quantification by qRT-PCR using a sequence-specific forward primer, and normalization of miRNA using housekeeping-stably miRNA-16. There were only 27 HCC patients with complete clinical variables (neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), platelet count, albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and cholinesterase (ChE)) that were able to analyses for regulation miRNAs based on its fold change expression miRNA target. All 27 HCC subjects were follow-up until 3-years of monitoring for their overall survival. The miRNA plasma expression was analyzed by Bio-Rad CFX 96 Manager software to determine the cycle of quantification, followed by the calculation of expression levels using Livak’s methods. Data were analyzed using STATA 11.0, with a significant value of p<0.05. The miRNAs expression of HCC subjects were lower than that healthy control subjects in miRNA-29c (down-regulation 1.83-fold), higher than that healthy control subjects in miRNA 21 and miRNA-155 (up-regulation, 1.74-fold; 1.55-fold) respectively. NLR, CRP, ChE, and platelet count showed a significant difference in miRNA-29c regulation, though neutrophil count showed a significant difference in miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 regulation (p<0.05). Conclusion: Plasma biomarkers: miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 might be potential biomarkers as onco-miR in HCC subjects, while miRNA-29c might act as a tumor suppressor. Significant evidence was identified with clinical progression based on the regulation of miRNAs, which was consistent with miRNA -29c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neneng Ratnasari
- Gastroenterology-Hepatology Division of Internal Medicine, Department Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada/ Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- * E-mail:
| | - Puji Lestari
- Graduate School of Biotechnology Universitas Gadjah Mada, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dede Renovaldi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology Universitas Gadjah Mada, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Juwita Raditya Ningsih
- Graduate School of Biotechnology Universitas Gadjah Mada, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nanda Qoriansas
- Graduate School of Biotechnology Universitas Gadjah Mada, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tirta Wardana
- Department Biomedicine, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine Jenderal Soedirman University, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia
| | - Suharno Hakim
- Internal Medicine Department Dr. Margono Soekarjo Hospital/Faculty of Medicine Universitas Jendral Soedirman, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia
| | - Nur Signa Aini Gumilas
- Histology Department Faculty of Medicine Universitas Jendral Soedirman, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia
| | - Fahmi Indrarti
- Gastroenterology-Hepatology Division of Internal Medicine, Department Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada/ Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Catharina Triwikatmani
- Gastroenterology-Hepatology Division of Internal Medicine, Department Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada/ Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Putut Bayupurnama
- Gastroenterology-Hepatology Division of Internal Medicine, Department Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada/ Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Didik Setyo Heriyanto
- Anatomic Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Indwiani Astuti
- Pharmacology and Therapy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sofia Mubarika Harjana
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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7
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Liang KH, Lai MW, Lin YH, Chu YD, Lin CL, Lin WR, Huang YH, Wang TH, Chien RN, Hu TH, Yeh CT. Plasma interleukin-17 and alpha-fetoprotein combination effectively predicts imminent hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence in liver cirrhotic patients. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:177. [PMID: 33865328 PMCID: PMC8052794 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01761-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Predicting imminent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in liver cirrhotic patients is an unmet medical need. We aimed to investigate circulatory biomarkers and their optimum combinations in a prospective study.
Methods We investigated plasma interleukin 17 (IL-17) concentrations, quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), for the prediction of HCC in a large cohort of 404 HCC-naïve liver cirrhotic patients regularly followed after recruitment. Additionally, IL-17 in surgically resected tumor tissues were evaluated using immunohistochemistry staining.
Results IL-17 was detected in HCC tissues. The IL-17 concentrations in the peripheral blood do not have correlation with an extensive list of 31 common demographic, metabolic and liver function variables in the cohort of liver cirrhotic patients. Furthermore, patients stratified by IL-17 and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) showed distinctive cumulative incidence of HCC. Imminent HCC, defined here as HCC occurrence within 1 year, can be predicted by IL-17 alone with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] of 0.762 (P = 0.002). An multivariate analysis showed that age, hepatitis C viral infection, AFP and IL-17 were four independent factors associated with imminent HCC (adjusted P = 0.03, 0.041, 0.024 and 0.008 respectively). An explicit risk score (R) combining the concentrations of two plasma biomarkers, AFP and IL-17, achieved a high AUC of 0.933 (95% confidence interval 0.893–0.972, P < 0.001) in predicting imminent HCC, with 100% sensitivity and 79.9% specificity at the optimum cutoff. The score is defined as: \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\text{R}} = (2.6914)*{\text{IL-17}} + (0.3909)*{\text{AFP}} - (0.80812875)*{\text{IL-17}}^{2} + (0.10288876884)*{\text{IL-17}}^{2} *{\text{AFP}}.$$\end{document}R=(2.6914)∗IL-17+(0.3909)∗AFP-(0.80812875)∗IL-172+(0.10288876884)∗IL-172∗AFP. Conclusions The circulatory IL-17 concentration is a predictor of subsequent HCC occurrence in liver cirrhotic patients. The combination of AFP and IL-17 is highly effective in predicting imminent HCC within 1 year. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12876-021-01761-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kung-Hao Liang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Wei Lai
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Hsiang Lin
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yu-De Chu
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lang Lin
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Liver Research Unit, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 222, Maijin Road, Keelung, Taiwan.,Community Medicine Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Wey-Ran Lin
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Huang
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Tong-Hung Wang
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Nan Chien
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Liver Research Unit, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 222, Maijin Road, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hui Hu
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan. .,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5, Fu-Shin street, Kuei-Shan District, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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8
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Weiss JBW, Wagner AE, Eberherr C, Häberle B, Vokuhl C, von Schweinitz D, Kappler R. High expression of IGF2-derived intronic miR-483 predicts outcome in hepatoblastoma. Cancer Biomark 2021; 28:321-328. [PMID: 32390604 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-191390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of microRNAs (miRs) as biomarkers to predict outcome in hepatoblastoma (HB), the most common malignant liver tumor in childhood, has still to be determined. Recently, the so-called four-miR signature has been described to efficiently stratify HB patients according to their prognosis. OBJECTIVE We examined the recently described four-miR signature for its clinical relevance in an independent validation cohort of HB patients and tried to optimize its predictive value by analyzing four additional miRs involved in HB biology. METHODS Expression of eight miR was determined in 29 tumor and 10 normal liver samples by TaqMan assays and association studies and Kaplan-Meier estimators determined their clinical relevance. RESULTS Stratifying HB patients by the four-miR signature showed no difference in patients' outcome, which was also reflected by the lack of association with any clinical risk parameter. Adding miR-23b-5p and miR-23b-3p did also not increase its discriminating power. However, the integration of miR-483-5p and miR-483-3p into the four-miR signature could predict patients with poor outcome that were associated with large tumors and vessel invasive growth with high accuracy. CONCLUSIONS The expansion of the four-miR signature by miR-483 serves as a useful biomarker to predict outcome of HB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Benjamin Wilhelm Weiss
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Elisabeth Wagner
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Corinna Eberherr
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Beate Häberle
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Dietrich von Schweinitz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Kappler
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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9
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Profiling circulating microRNAs in patients with cirrhosis and acute-on-chronic liver failure. JHEP Rep 2021; 3:100233. [PMID: 33665588 PMCID: PMC7902550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims MicroRNAs (miRNAs) circulate in several body fluids and can be useful biomarkers. The aim of this study was to identify blood-circulating miRNAs associated with cirrhosis progression and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). Methods Using high-throughput screening of 754 miRNAs, serum samples from 45 patients with compensated cirrhosis, decompensated cirrhosis, or ACLF were compared with those from healthy individuals (n = 15). miRNA levels were correlated with clinical parameters, organ failure, and disease progression and outcome. Dysregulated miRNAs were evaluated in portal and hepatic vein samples (n = 33), liver tissues (n = 17), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (n = 16). Results miRNA screening analysis revealed that circulating miRNAs are dysregulated in cirrhosis progression, with 51 miRNAs being differentially expressed among all groups of patients. Unsupervised clustering and principal component analysis indicated that the main differences in miRNA expression occurred at decompensation, showing similar levels in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and those with ACLF. Of 43 selected miRNAs examined for differences among groups, 10 were differentially expressed according to disease progression. Moreover, 20 circulating miRNAs were correlated with model for end-stage liver disease and Child-Pugh scores. Notably, 11 dysregulated miRNAs were associated with kidney or liver failure, encephalopathy, bacterial infection, and poor outcomes. The most severely dysregulated miRNAs (i.e. miR-146a-5p, miR-26a-5p, and miR-191-5p) were further evaluated in portal and hepatic vein blood and liver tissue, but showed no differences. However, PBMCs from patients with cirrhosis showed significant downregulation of miR-26 and miR-146a, suggesting a extrahepatic origin of some circulating miRNAs. Conclusions This study is a repository of circulating miRNA data following cirrhosis progression and ACLF. Circulating miRNAs were profoundly dysregulated during the progression of chronic liver disease, were associated with failure of several organs and could have prognostic utility. Lay summary Circulating miRNAs are small molecules in the blood that can be used to identify or predict a clinical condition. Our study aimed to identify miRNAs for use as biomarkers in patients with cirrhosis or acute-on-chronic liver failure. Several miRNAs were found to be dysregulated during the progression of disease, and some were also related to organ failure and disease-related outcomes. Circulating miRNAs are dysregulated with cirrhosis progression and in patients with ACLF. Patient decompensation is associated with important changes in the levels of circulating miRNAs. A total of 11 circulating miRNAs were identified as associated with organ failure and 7 with poor outcome. The miRNAs most dysregulated during cirrhosis progression were miR-146a, miR-26a, and miR-191. miR-146a was dysregulated in PBMCs of patients with decompensated cirrhosis vs. compensated cirrhosis.
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Key Words
- ACLF, acute-on-chronic liver failure
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Biomarkers
- CXCL10, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10
- Chronic liver disease
- EF CLIF, European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure
- FoxO, forkhead box O
- INR, International Normalised Ratio
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- Liver decompensation
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MELD, model for end-stage liver disease
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- Non-coding RNAs
- PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- PCA, principal component analysis
- TGF, transforming growth factor
- TIPS, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
- qPCR, quantitative PCR
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10
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Kubota N, Fujiwara N, Hoshida Y. Clinical and Molecular Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123843. [PMID: 33256232 PMCID: PMC7761278 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk becomes increasingly important with recently emerging HCC-predisposing conditions, namely non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cured hepatitis C virus infection. These etiologies are accompanied with a relatively low HCC incidence rate (~1% per year or less), while affecting a large patient population. Hepatitis B virus infection remains a major HCC risk factor, but a majority of the patients are now on antiviral therapy, which substantially lowers, but does not eliminate, HCC risk. Thus, it is critically important to identify a small subset of patients who have elevated likelihood of developing HCC, to optimize the allocation of limited HCC screening resources to those who need it most and enable cost-effective early HCC diagnosis to prolong patient survival. To date, numerous clinical-variable-based HCC risk scores have been developed for specific clinical contexts defined by liver disease etiology, severity, and other factors. In parallel, various molecular features have been reported as potential HCC risk biomarkers, utilizing both tissue and body-fluid specimens. Deep-learning-based risk modeling is an emerging strategy. Although none of them has been widely incorporated in clinical care of liver disease patients yet, some have been undergoing the process of validation and clinical development. In this review, these risk scores and biomarker candidates are overviewed, and strategic issues in their validation and clinical translation are discussed.
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11
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Abstract
Liver cancer is a global problem and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for about 85% of this cancer. In the USA, etiologies and risk factors for HCC include chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, diabetes, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), obesity, excessive alcohol drinking, exposure to tobacco smoke, and genetic factors. Chronic HCV infection appears to be associated with about 30% of HCC. Chronic HCV infection induces multistep changes in liver, involving metabolic disorders, steatosis, cirrhosis and HCC. Liver carcinogenesis requires initiation of neoplastic clones, and progression to clinically diagnose malignancy. Tumor progression associates with profound exhaustion of tumor-antigen-specific CD8+T cells, and accumulation of PD-1hi CD8+T cells and Tregs. In this chapter, we provide a brief description of HCV and environmental/genetic factors, immune regulation, and highlight mechanisms of HCV associated HCC. We also underscore HCV treatment and recent paradigm of HCC progression, highlighted the current treatment and potential future therapeutic opportunities.
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Sheng LQ, Li JR, Qin H, Liu L, Zhang DD, Zhang Q, Huang ML, Li XL, Xu XY, Wei YN, Chen ZS, Luo H, Zhang JY, Zhou CH, Chen H, Chen ZG, Li FG, Li NF. Blood exosomal micro ribonucleic acid profiling reveals the complexity of hepatocellular carcinoma and identifies potential biomarkers for differential diagnosis. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 12:1195-1208. [PMID: 33133386 PMCID: PMC7579736 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v12.i10.1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, but there is a shortage of effective biomarkers for its diagnosis.
AIM To explore blood exosomal micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) as potential biomarkers for HCC diagnosis.
METHODS T RESULTS The principal component analysis suggested that daily alcohol consumption could alter the blood exosomal miRNA profiles of hepatitis B virus positive non-HCC patients through miR-3168 and miR-223-3p. The miRNA profiles also revealed the tumor stages of HCC patients. High expression of miR-455-5p and miR-30c-5p, which significantly correlated with better overall survival in tumor tissues, could also be detected in blood exosomes. Two pairs of miRNAs (miR-584-5p/miR-106-3p and miR-628-3p/miR-941) showed a 94.1% sensitivity and 68.4% specificity to differentiate HCC patients from non-HCC patients. The specificity of the combination was substantially influenced by alcohol consumption habits.
CONCLUSION This study suggested that blood exosomal miRNAs can be used as new non-invasive diagnostic tools for HCC. However, their accuracy could be affected by tumor stage and alcohol consumption habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang-Qing Sheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jia-Rong Li
- Department of Biliopancreatic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hao Qin
- Research and Development Institute of Precision Medicine, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai 201114, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Da-Dong Zhang
- Research and Development Institute of Precision Medicine, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai 201114, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Meng-Li Huang
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai 201114, China
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Xu
- Research and Development Institute of Precision Medicine, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai 201114, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yang-Nian Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zi-Shuo Chen
- Research and Development Institute of Precision Medicine, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai 201114, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ji-Yang Zhang
- Research and Development Institute of Precision Medicine, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai 201114, Hunan Province, China
| | - Cheng-Hui Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Research and Development Institute of Precision Medicine, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai 201114, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ze-Guo Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Fu-Gen Li
- Research and Development Institute of Precision Medicine, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai 201114, Hunan Province, China
| | - Nian-Feng Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
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Zhao X, Li M, Dai X, Yang Y, Peng Y, Xu C, Dai N, Wang D. Downregulation of exosomal miR‑1273a increases cisplatin resistance of non‑small cell lung cancer by upregulating the expression of syndecan binding protein. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:2165-2173. [PMID: 32901857 PMCID: PMC7551135 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to platinum‑based drugs, such as cisplatin (CDDP), has been one of the major factors adversely affecting the clinical prognosis of patients with advanced non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While it has been demonstrated that dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) may contribute to cisplatin resistance in NSCLC, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. In the present study, the effect of exosomal miR‑1273a on cisplatin sensitivity of NSCLC was investigated. Microarray analysis was conducted to analyze the miRNA expression profiles in exosomes isolated from A549 cells treated with or without CDDP, and miR‑1273a was found to be the most prominently downregulated miRNA in CDDP‑treated exosomes. Overexpression of miR‑1273a significantly increased the cytotoxicity of CDDP and induced apoptosis in A549 cells. Syndecan binding protein (SDCBP) was predicted to be a direct target of miR‑1273a by bioinformatics and was found to be downregulated by miR‑1273a in A549 cells. Furthermore, decreased plasma exosomal miR‑1273a and increased plasma SDCBP levels were found to be associated with worse therapeutic outcomes of patients with advanced NSCLC receiving platinum‑based chemotherapy. These findings suggest that miR‑1273a is closely associated with the development of cisplatin resistance and may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Zhao
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Mengxia Li
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Dai
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Yuyin Yang
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Yang Peng
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Chengxiong Xu
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Nan Dai
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
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14
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Liang KH, Zhang P, Lin CL, Wang SC, Hu TH, Yeh CT, Su GL. Morphomic Signatures Derived from Computed Tomography Predict Hepatocellular Carcinoma Occurrence in Cirrhotic Patients. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:2130-2139. [PMID: 31677071 PMCID: PMC7195221 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05915-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Computed tomography (CT) provides scans of the human body from which digitized features can be extracted. The aim of this study was to examine the role of these digital biomarkers for predicting subsequent occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in cirrhotic patients. METHODS A cohort of 269 patients with cirrhosis were recruited and prospectively followed for the occurrence of HCC in Taiwan. CT scans were retrospectively retrieved and computationally processed using analytic morphomics. A predictive score was constructed using Cox regression and the generalized iterative modeling method, maximizing the log likelihood of the time to HCC development. An independent cohort of 274 patients from University of Michigan was utilized to examine the predictive validity of this score in a Western population. RESULTS Of the 27 digitized features at the 12th thoracic vertebral level, six features were significantly associated with HCC occurrence. Two digitized features (fascia eccentricity and the bone mineral density) were able to stratify patients into high- and low-risk groups with distinct cumulative incidence of HCC in both the training and validation cohorts (P = 0.015 and 0.044, respectively). When the two digitized features were tested in the Michigan cohort, only bone mineral density remained an effective predictor. CONCLUSION Digitized features derived from the CT were effective in predicting subsequent occurrence of HCC in cirrhosis patients. The bone mineral density measured on CT was an effective predictor for patients in both Taiwan and USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kung-Hao Liang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan,Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Morphomic Analysis Group, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chih-Lang Lin
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan,Liver Research Unit, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Stewart C. Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Morphomic Analysis Group, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tsung-Hui Hu
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Grace L. Su
- Morphomic Analysis Group, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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15
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Iacob DG, Rosca A, Ruta SM. Circulating microRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for hepatitis B virus liver fibrosis. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:1113-1127. [PMID: 32231417 PMCID: PMC7093315 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i11.1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses can alter the expression of host microRNAs (MiRNA s) and modulate the immune response during a persistent infection. The dysregulation of host MiRNA s by hepatitis B virus (HBV) contributes to the proinflammatory and profibrotic changes within the liver. Multiple studies have documented the differential regulation of intracellular and circulating MiRNA s during different stages of HBV infection. Circulating MiRNA s found in plasma and/or extracellular vesicles can integrate data on viral-host interactions and on the associated liver injury. Hence, the detection of circulating MiRNA s in chronic HBV hepatitis could offer a promising alternative to liver biopsy, as their expression is associated with HBV replication, the progression of liver fibrosis, and the outcome of antiviral treatment. The current review explores the available data on miRNA involvement in HBV pathogenesis with an emphasis on their potential use as biomarkers for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gabriela Iacob
- Infectious Diseases Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania
- Bucharest Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest 050098, Romania
| | - Adelina Rosca
- Virology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania
- Viral Emerging Diseases Department, Ștefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest 030304, Romania
| | - Simona Maria Ruta
- Virology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania
- Viral Emerging Diseases Department, Ștefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest 030304, Romania
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16
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Sohel MMH. Circulating microRNAs as biomarkers in cancer diagnosis. Life Sci 2020; 248:117473. [PMID: 32114007 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of tiny molecules of 18-22 nucleotide long noncoding RNA that regulate the post-transcriptional gene expression through translational inhibition and/or mRNA destabilization. Because of their involvement in important developmental processes, it is highly likely that the altered expression of miRNAs could be associated with abnormal conditions like suboptimal growth or diseases. Thus, the expression of miRNAs can be used as biomarkers in pathophysiological conditions. Recently, a handful of miRNAs are detected in cell-free conditions including biofluids and cell culture media and they exhibit specific expression patterns that are associated with altered physiological conditions. Extracellular miRNAs are not only extremely stable outside cells in a variety of biofluids but also they are easy to acquire. These characteristics led to the idea of using extracellular miRNAs as a potential biomarker for the onset and prognosis of cancer. Although miRNAs have been proposed as a potential diagnostic tool for cancer detection, their application in the routine clinical investigation is yet to come. First, this review will provide an insight into the extracellular miRNAs, particularly, their release mechanisms and characteristics, and the potential of extracellular miRNAs as a biomarker in cancer detection. Finally, it will discuss the potential of using extracellular miRNAs in different cancer diagnoses and challenges associated with the clinical application of extracellular miRNAs as noninvasive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahmodul Hasan Sohel
- Genome and Stem Cell Centre, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey.
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17
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Abstract
Abdominal tumors (AT) in children account for approximately 17% of all pediatric solid tumor cases, and frequently exhibit embryonal histological features that differentiate them from adult cancers. Current molecular approaches have greatly improved the understanding of the distinctive pathology of each tumor type and enabled the characterization of novel tumor biomarkers. As seen in abdominal adult tumors, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been increasingly implicated in either the initiation or progression of childhood cancer. Moreover, besides predicting patient prognosis, they represent valuable diagnostic tools that may also assist the surveillance of tumor behavior and treatment response, as well as the identification of the primary metastatic sites. Thus, the present study was undertaken to compile up-to-date information regarding the role of dysregulated miRNAs in the most common histological variants of AT, including neuroblastoma, nephroblastoma, hepatoblastoma, hepatocarcinoma, and adrenal tumors. Additionally, the clinical implications of dysregulated miRNAs as potential diagnostic tools or indicators of prognosis were evaluated.
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18
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Wu M, Liu Z, Li X, Zhang A, Li N. Dynamic Changes in Serum Markers and Their Utility in the Early Diagnosis of All Stages of Hepatitis B-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:827-840. [PMID: 32095079 PMCID: PMC6995291 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s229835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the individual and combined diagnostic values of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin (DCP), glypican-3 (GPC3) and golgi protein 73 (GP73) in diagnosing hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Participants from Beijing YouAn Hospital were enrolled and divided into seven groups. Serum was collected and the levels of AFP, GPC3, GP73 and DCP were simultaneously measured with a protein array. Pearson's χ2 test was applied to compare the clinicopathological characteristics. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyse the diagnostic performance of the four markers. Results As a single biomarker for differentiating HCC from all controls, AFP had a larger area under the curve (AUC) (0.798, 95% CI (0.754-0.838) than the other biomarkers, with a sensitivity of 77.3% and a specificity of 71.1%. Among the other combinations, AFP plus GPC3 and DCP (0.871, 95% CI (0.833-0.903)) was the best at differentiating HCC from all controls. In discriminating very early stage and early stage HCC from all controls, the AUC of GPC3 (0.744, 95% CI (0.690-0.793); sensitivity 62.8%; specificity 83.3%) was better than that of AFP (0.723, 95% CI (0.668-0.774); sensitivity 67.3%; specificity 71.7%). Among all biomarker combinations, the combination of AFP, GPC3 and GP73 had the largest AUC (0.843, 95% CI (0.796-0.883); sensitivity 84.1%; specificity 71.7%). AFP (AUC 0.726, 95% CI (0.662-0.784)) showed the best performance in the very early diagnosis of HBV-related HCC. Conclusion As a single biomarker, AFP has an advantage in the very early and early diagnosis of HBV-related HCC. The combination of AFP, GPC3 and GP73 is the most suitable marker for the early diagnosis of HBV-related HCC. However, AFP remains the best biomarker for the very early diagnosis of HBV-related HCC, and the adding of one or more markers does not significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaobo Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiying Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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19
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Habashy NH, Abu-Serie MM. Major royal-jelly protein 2 and its isoform X1 are two novel safe inhibitors for hepatitis C and B viral entry and replication. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:1072-1087. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Liu Z, Mao L, Wang L, Zhang H, Hu X. miR‑218 functions as a tumor suppressor gene in cervical cancer. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:209-219. [PMID: 31746391 PMCID: PMC6896272 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous microRNA (miR) microarray analysis revealed that miR‑218 is downregulated in cervical cancer tissues. The present study aimed to further evaluate the expression of miR‑218 in cervical cancer specimens, determine the association between its expression with disease progression, and investigate the roles of miR‑218 in cervical cancer cells. Tissue specimens were obtained from 80 patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma, 30 patients with high‑grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [(CIN) II/III] and 15 patients with low‑grade CIN (CINI); in addition, 60 plasma samples were obtained from patients with cervical cancer, and 15 normal cervical tissue specimens and 30 plasma samples were obtained from healthy women. These samples were used for analysis of miR‑218 expression via reverse transcription‑-quantitative PCR. In addition, tumor cells were transfected with miR‑218 mimics, human papillomavirus (HPV)16 E6/E7 small interfering RNA, or their respective negative controls to determine the viability, colony formation, migration and invasion of cells using MTT, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. Target genes of miR‑218 were bioinformatically predicted and analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) terms. The results revealed that miR‑218 was downregulated in the tumor tissues and plasma of patients with cervical cancer, with expression associated with the advanced clinicopathological characteristics of patients, including HPV positivity, tumor size, blood vessel invasion and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, miR‑218 overexpression reduced tumor cell viability and xenograft growth, and suppressed tumor cell migration and invasion. HPV was detected in 75% of the 80 patients with cervical cancer, and HPV positivity was inversely associated with miR‑218 expression. In addition, bioinformatics analysis predicted that roundabout guidance receptor 1 (ROBO1) was a target gene of miR‑218; miR‑218 overexpression significantly reduced ROBO1 levels. Furthermore, GO analysis revealed that ROBO1 was involved in regulating cell proliferation, adhesion and migration, and the cell cycle. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that miR‑218 may possess antitumor activities in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Lin Mao
- Department of Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Hu
- Department of Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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21
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Mjelle R, Dima SO, Bacalbasa N, Chawla K, Sorop A, Cucu D, Herlea V, Sætrom P, Popescu I. Comprehensive transcriptomic analyses of tissue, serum, and serum exosomes from hepatocellular carcinoma patients. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1007. [PMID: 31660891 PMCID: PMC6816220 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is a promising prognostic and diagnostic tool in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we performed small RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq) of tissue, serum and serum exosomes to investigate changes in miRNA expression between the different sample types and correlated the expression with clinical parameters. We also performed gene expression arrays on tumor and normal tissue. RESULTS Paired tissue, serum and serum exosomes sequencing revealed consistent positive correlation of miR-21 between serum exosomes and tumor tissue, indicating that miR-21 could be exported from tissue to circulation via exosomes. We found that let-7 miRNAs are generally upregulated in serum exosomes compared to whole serum, indicating that these miRNAs could be preferentially loaded into exosomes. Comparing serum from HCC patients with serum from healthy individuals revealed a global increase of miRNAs in serum from HCC patients, including an almost 4-fold increase of several miRNAs, including the liver-specific miR-122. When correlating miRNA expression with clinical parameters we detected significant association between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and miR-122 in serum as well as several serum and tissue-miRNAs that correlated with surgery type. We found that miR-141 and miR-146 correlated with cirrhosis in tumor tissue and normal tissue, respectively. Finally, high expression of miR-21 in tumors were associated with poor survival. Focusing on gene expression we found several significant messenger RNAs (mRNAs) between tumor and normal tissue and a Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that these changes were mainly related to cell cycle and metabolism. Further, we detected mRNAs that correlated with cirrhosis and HBV infection in tissue. Finally, GO analysis of predicted targets for miRNAs down-regulated in tumor found that these were enriched for functions related to collagen synthesis. CONCLUSIONS Our combined data point to altered miRNA and mRNA expression contributing to both generally impaired lipid metabolism and increased cell proliferation and a miRNA-driven increase in collagen synthesis in HCC. Our results further indicate a correlation in miRNA expression between exosomes, serum, and tissue samples suggesting export from tumors via exosomes. This correlation could provide a basis for a more tumor-specific miRNA profile in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Mjelle
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Erling Skjalgssons gt 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway. .,Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Simona O Dima
- Center of Digestive Diseases and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania.,Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicolae Bacalbasa
- Center of Digestive Diseases and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania.,Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Konika Chawla
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Erling Skjalgssons gt 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.,Bioinformatics Core Facility-BioCore, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andrei Sorop
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dana Cucu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vlad Herlea
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania.,K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pål Sætrom
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Erling Skjalgssons gt 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,Bioinformatics Core Facility-BioCore, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Irinel Popescu
- Center of Digestive Diseases and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania.,Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania.,Acad. Nicolae Cajal Institute of Medical Scientific Research, Titu Maiorescu University, Bucharest, Romania
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Jiang P, Chan KCA, Lo YMD. Liver-derived cell-free nucleic acids in plasma: Biology and applications in liquid biopsies. J Hepatol 2019; 71:409-421. [PMID: 31004682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
There is much global research interest surrounding the use of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) for liquid biopsies. cfDNA-based non-invasive prenatal testing for foetal chromosomal aneuploidies was the first successful application of cfDNA technology that transformed clinical practice - it has since been rapidly adopted in dozens of countries and is used by millions of pregnant women every year. Prompted by such developments, efforts to use cfDNA in other fields, especially for cancer detection and monitoring have been actively pursued in recent years. Cancer-associated aberrations including single nucleotide mutations, copy number aberrations, aberrations in methylation and alterations in DNA fragmentation patterns have been detected in the cfDNA of patients suffering from a wide variety of cancers. In addition, the analysis of methylation and fragmentomic patterns has enabled the tissue origin of cfDNA to be determined. In this review, different approaches for detecting circulating liver-derived nucleic acids and cancer-associated aberrations, as well as their potential clinical applications for the detection, monitoring and management of hepatocellular carcinoma, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyong Jiang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - K C Allen Chan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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23
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Weis A, Marquart L, Calvopina DA, Genz B, Ramm GA, Skoien R. Serum MicroRNAs as Biomarkers in Hepatitis C: Preliminary Evidence of a MicroRNA Panel for the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E864. [PMID: 30781550 PMCID: PMC6412219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due to chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) remain clinical priorities. In this pilot study, we assessed serum microRNA (miRNA) expression to distinguish cirrhosis and HCC, alone and in combination with the aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio (APRI), Fibrosis 4 (FIB-4), and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Sixty CHC patients were subdivided into 3 cohorts: Mild disease (fibrosis stage F0-2; n = 20); cirrhosis (n = 20); and cirrhosis with HCC (n = 20). Circulating miRNA signatures were determined using a liver-specific real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) microarray assessing 372 miRNAs simultaneously. Differentially-expressed miRNA candidates were independently validated using qRT-PCR. Serum miRNA-409-3p was increased in cirrhosis versus mild disease. In HCC versus cirrhosis, miRNA-486-5p was increased, whereas miRNA-122-5p and miRNA-151a-5p were decreased. A logistic regression model-generated panel, consisting of miRNA-122-5p + miRNA-409-3p, distinguished cirrhosis from mild disease (area under the curve, AUC = 0.80; sensitivity = 85%, specificity = 70%; p < 0.001). When combined with FIB-4 or APRI, performance was improved with AUC = 0.89 (p < 0.001) and 0.87 (p < 0.001), respectively. A panel consisting of miRNA-122-5p + miRNA-486-5p + miRNA-142-3p distinguished HCC from cirrhosis (AUC = 0.94; sensitivity = 80%, specificity = 95%; p < 0.001), outperforming AFP (AUC = 0.64, p = 0.065). Serum miRNAs are differentially expressed across the spectrum of disease severity in CHC. MicroRNAs have great potential as diagnostic biomarkers in CHC, particularly in HCC where they outperform the only currently-used biomarker, AFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Weis
- Hepatic Fibrosis Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Louise Marquart
- QIMR Berghofer Statistics Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Diego A Calvopina
- Hepatic Fibrosis Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Berit Genz
- Hepatic Fibrosis Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Grant A Ramm
- Hepatic Fibrosis Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Richard Skoien
- Hepatic Fibrosis Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Bowen Bridge Rd & Butterfield St, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia.
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24
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Desai A, Sandhu S, Lai JP, Sandhu DS. Hepatocellular carcinoma in non-cirrhotic liver: A comprehensive review. World J Hepatol 2019; 11:1-18. [PMID: 30705715 PMCID: PMC6354117 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v11.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer, which in turns accounts for the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Despite being the 6th most common cancer it is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths. HCC typically arises in the background of cirrhosis, however, about 20% of cases can develop in a non-cirrhotic liver. This particular subgroup of HCC generally presents at an advanced stage as surveillance is not performed in a non-cirrhotic liver. HCC in non-cirrhotic patients is clinically silent in its early stages because of lack of symptoms and surveillance imaging; and higher hepatic reserve in this population. Interestingly, F3 fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections are associated with high risk of developing HCC. Even though considerable progress has been made in the management of this entity, there is a dire need for implementation of surveillance strategies in the patient population at risk, to decrease the disease burden at presentation and improve the prognosis of these patients. This comprehensive review details the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis and management of HCC in non-cirrhotic patients and provides future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakash Desai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44109, United States
| | - Sonia Sandhu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic/Akron General Medical Center, Akron, OH 44307, United States
| | - Jin-Ping Lai
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Dalbir Singh Sandhu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Case Western Reserve University/MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44109, the United States
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25
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De Stefano F, Chacon E, Turcios L, Marti F, Gedaly R. Novel biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma. Dig Liver Dis 2018; 50:1115-1123. [PMID: 30217732 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths and the fifth most common cancer worldwide. Most of these patients are seen with advanced disease at the time of presentation. In spite of its high prevalence, there are not many therapeutic options available for patients with advanced-stage HCC. There is an urgent need for improving early detection and prognostication of patients with HCC. In addition, the development of new therapies targeting specific pathways involved in the pathogenesis of HCC should be a major goal for future research, with the objective of improving outcomes of patients with HCC. Biomarkers represent a relatively easy and noninvasive way to detect and estimate disease prognosis. In spite of the numerous efforts to find molecules as possible biomarkers, there is not a single ideal marker in HCC. Many new findings have shown promising results both in diagnosing and treating HCC. In this review, we summarized the most recent and relevant biomarkers in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice De Stefano
- Transplant and Hepatobiliary Center, Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Eduardo Chacon
- Transplant and Hepatobiliary Center, Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Lilia Turcios
- Transplant and Hepatobiliary Center, Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Francesc Marti
- Transplant and Hepatobiliary Center, Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Roberto Gedaly
- Transplant and Hepatobiliary Center, Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States.
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26
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Non-Coding RNAs and Hepatitis C Virus-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Viruses 2018; 10:v10110591. [PMID: 30380697 PMCID: PMC6265700 DOI: 10.3390/v10110591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a worldwide health problem and is one of the main causes of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite recent improvements, effective treatments for HCC are still missing and new tools for early detection are needed. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of gene expression and key players in human carcinogenesis, including HCC. Aberrant expression of ncRNAs is associated with HCC metastasis, invasion, dissemination, and recurrence. This review will focus on the recent advances in ncRNA expression profiles, their dysregulation in HCV-related HCC, and the clinical perspective of ncRNA signatures for the early detection of HCC.
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27
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Molecular Mechanisms of Hepatocarcinogenesis Following Sustained Virological Response in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Viruses 2018; 10:v10100531. [PMID: 30274202 PMCID: PMC6212901 DOI: 10.3390/v10100531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents in treating chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, the number of cases of HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is expected to increase over the next five years. HCC develops over the span of decades and is closely associated with fibrosis stage. HCV both directly and indirectly establishes a pro-inflammatory environment favorable for viral replication. Repeated cycles of cell death and regeneration lead to genomic instability and loss of cell cycle control. DAA therapy offers >90% sustained virological response (SVR) rates with fewer side effects and restrictions than interferon. While elimination of HCV helps to restore liver function and reverse mild fibrosis, post-SVR patients remain at elevated risk of HCC. A series of studies reporting higher than expected rates of HCC development among DAA-treated patients ignited debate over whether use of DAAs elevates HCC risk compared to interferon. However, recent prospective and retrospective studies based on larger patient cohorts have found no significant difference in risk between DAA and interferon therapy once other factors are taken into account. Although many mechanisms and pathways involved in hepatocarcinogenesis have been elucidated, our understanding of drivers specific to post-SVR hepatocarcinogenesis is still limited, and lack of suitable in vivo and in vitro experimental systems has hampered efforts to examine etiology-specific mechanisms that might serve to answer this question more thoroughly. Further research is needed to identify risk factors and biomarkers for post-SVR HCC and to develop targeted therapies based on more complete understanding of the molecules and pathways implicated in hepatocarcinogenesis.
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28
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Xue X, Zhao Y, Wang X, Qin L, Hu R. Development and validation of serum exosomal microRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:135-142. [PMID: 30238497 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. China accounts for over half of the new cases and deaths. Diagnostic imprecision and a lack of complimentary molecular biomarkers are partially responsible for this lack of progress. Herein, serum-derived exosomal microRNA (miRNA) profiling was performed on 80 patients which histologically confirmed HCC and 30 normal controls. A classification of 8 exosomal miRNAs had biologically and statistically significant differences between HCC and normal serum samples, including miR-122, miR-125b, miR-145, miR-192, miR-194, miR-29a, miR-17-5p, and miR-106a. Online algorithm showed strong independent classification accuracy (area under the curve) reached 0.535 to 0.850, separately. The significant correlation between serum exosomal miRNAs and tumor size was observed. In addition, the survival difference of HCC patients with high or low exosomal miR-106a was statistically significant using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Besides, we also measured the proliferation and invasion ability of HCC cells following exosomal miR-106a mimics or inhibitor treatment. After prediction with algorithms, mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathways were identified associated with miR-106a's function. In summary, differentially expressed serum exosomal miRNAs can be helpful for diagnostic and prognostic of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Xue
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yubin Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Qin
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rongkuan Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China
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29
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Liang KH, Ahn SH, Lee HW, Huang YH, Chien RN, Hu TH, Lin KH, Yeh CSH, Hsu CW, Lin CL, Pan TL, Ke PY, Chang ML, Yeh CT. A novel risk score for hepatocellular carcinoma in Asian cirrhotic patients: a multicentre prospective cohort study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8608. [PMID: 29872158 PMCID: PMC5988718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26992-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhotic patients suffer from a seemingly unpredictable risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, an HCC risk score R (0 ≦ R ≦ 1) was derived from commonly tested haematological and biochemical parameters. In the score-derivation Taiwanese cohort (144 cirrhosis versus 48 HCC-remission patients), the score had an area-under-the-curve (AUC) of 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61–0.78, P < 0.001). When validated in a Korean cohort (78 cirrhosis versus 23 HCC-remission patients), the AUC was 0.68 (CI, 0.56–0.80, P = 0.009). In a multicentre prospective cohort (478 cirrhotic patients prospectively followed for HCC occurrence), the hazard ratio with respect to R was 2.344 (CI = 1.183–4.646, P = 0.015). The cumulative incidences of HCC at two years after patient enrolment were 9.6% and 1.7% for the high-risk (R ≧ 0.5) and low-risk (R < 0.5) groups, respectively (P < 0.001). At the end of the study, the incidences were 10.9% and 5.0%, respectively (P = 0.012). The majority of HCCs (23/26) in the high-risk group emerged within the first two years of follow-up. In conclusion, an HCC risk score was developed for cirrhotic patients that effectively predicted HCC in a prospective cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kung-Hao Liang
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Medical Research Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sang Hoon Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Wong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ya-Hui Huang
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Nan Chien
- Liver Research Unit, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hui Hu
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kwang-Huei Lin
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Christopher Sung-Huan Yeh
- Department of Cognitive Science, College of Letters and Science, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Chao-Wei Hsu
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lang Lin
- Liver Research Unit, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Long Pan
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Ke
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Chang
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan. .,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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30
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Mo CH, Gao L, Zhu XF, Wei KL, Zeng JJ, Chen G, Feng ZB. The clinicopathological significance of UBE2C in breast cancer: a study based on immunohistochemistry, microarray and RNA-sequencing data. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:83. [PMID: 29021715 PMCID: PMC5613379 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0455-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2C (UBE2C) has been previously reported to correlate with the malignant progression of various human cancers, however, the exact molecular function of UBE2C in breast carcinoma (BRCA) remained elusive. We aimed to investigate UBE2C expression in BRCA and its clinical significance. METHODS The expression of UBE2C in 209 BRCA tissue samples and 53 adjacent normal tissue samples was detected using immunohistochemistry. The clinical role of UBE2C was analyzed. Public databases including the human protein atlas and Oncomine were used to assess UBE2C expression in BRCA. Moreover, the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database was employed to investigate the prognostic value of UBE2C in BRCA. RESULTS The positive expression rate of UBE2C in BRCA was 70.8% (148/209), and UBE2C expression in the adjacent breast tissue was negative. The expression of UBE2C was positively correlated with tumor size (r = 0.32, P < 0.001), histological grade (r = 0.237, P = 0.001), clinical stage (r = 0.198, P = 0.004), lymph node metastasis (r = 0.155, P = 0.026), HER2 expression level (r = 0.356, P < 0.001), Ki-67 expression level (r = 0.504, P < 0.001), and P53 expression level (r = 0.32, P = 0.001). Negative correlations were found between UBE2C expression and the ER (r = - 0.403, P < 0.001) and PR (r = - 0.468, P < 0.001) status. UBE2C gene expression data from the public databases all proved that UBE2C was overexpressed in BRCA. According to the TCGA data analysis, a higher positive expression of UBE2C was associated with worse survival of BRCA patients (P = 0.0428), and data from cBioPortal indicated that 11% of all sequenced BRCA patients possessed a gene alteration of UBE2C, predominately gene amplification and mRNA regulation. CONCLUSION Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2C might pose an oncogenic effect on the progression of BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Hua Mo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
| | - Xiao-Fei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China.,Department of Pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, 1 Liushi Road, Liuzhou, 545005 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
| | - Kang-Lai Wei
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
| | - Jing-Jing Zeng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
| | - Zhen-Bo Feng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
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