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Freitas M, Pinho F, Pinho L, Silva S, Figueira V, Vilas-Boas JP, Silva A. Biomechanical Assessment Methods Used in Chronic Stroke: A Scoping Review of Non-Linear Approaches. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2338. [PMID: 38610549 PMCID: PMC11014015 DOI: 10.3390/s24072338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Non-linear and dynamic systems analysis of human movement has recently become increasingly widespread with the intention of better reflecting how complexity affects the adaptability of motor systems, especially after a stroke. The main objective of this scoping review was to summarize the non-linear measures used in the analysis of kinetic, kinematic, and EMG data of human movement after stroke. PRISMA-ScR guidelines were followed, establishing the eligibility criteria, the population, the concept, and the contextual framework. The examined studies were published between 1 January 2013 and 12 April 2023, in English or Portuguese, and were indexed in the databases selected for this research: PubMed®, Web of Science®, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers®, Science Direct® and Google Scholar®. In total, 14 of the 763 articles met the inclusion criteria. The non-linear measures identified included entropy (n = 11), fractal analysis (n = 1), the short-term local divergence exponent (n = 1), the maximum Floquet multiplier (n = 1), and the Lyapunov exponent (n = 1). These studies focused on different motor tasks: reaching to grasp (n = 2), reaching to point (n = 1), arm tracking (n = 2), elbow flexion (n = 5), elbow extension (n = 1), wrist and finger extension upward (lifting) (n = 1), knee extension (n = 1), and walking (n = 4). When studying the complexity of human movement in chronic post-stroke adults, entropy measures, particularly sample entropy, were preferred. Kinematic assessment was mainly performed using motion capture systems, with a focus on joint angles of the upper limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Freitas
- Escola Superior de Saúde do Vale do Ave, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário, Rua José António Vidal, 81, 4760-409 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal; (F.P.); (L.P.); (S.S.); (V.F.)
- HM—Health and Human Movement Unit, Polytechnic University of Health, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário, CRL, 4760-409 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal
- Center for Rehabilitation Research (CIR), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Pinho
- Escola Superior de Saúde do Vale do Ave, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário, Rua José António Vidal, 81, 4760-409 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal; (F.P.); (L.P.); (S.S.); (V.F.)
- HM—Health and Human Movement Unit, Polytechnic University of Health, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário, CRL, 4760-409 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal
| | - Liliana Pinho
- Escola Superior de Saúde do Vale do Ave, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário, Rua José António Vidal, 81, 4760-409 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal; (F.P.); (L.P.); (S.S.); (V.F.)
- HM—Health and Human Movement Unit, Polytechnic University of Health, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário, CRL, 4760-409 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal
- Center for Rehabilitation Research (CIR), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Silva
- Escola Superior de Saúde do Vale do Ave, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário, Rua José António Vidal, 81, 4760-409 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal; (F.P.); (L.P.); (S.S.); (V.F.)
- HM—Health and Human Movement Unit, Polytechnic University of Health, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário, CRL, 4760-409 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Vânia Figueira
- Escola Superior de Saúde do Vale do Ave, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário, Rua José António Vidal, 81, 4760-409 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal; (F.P.); (L.P.); (S.S.); (V.F.)
- HM—Health and Human Movement Unit, Polytechnic University of Health, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário, CRL, 4760-409 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Vilas-Boas
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Centre for Research, Training, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Augusta Silva
- Center for Rehabilitation Research (CIR), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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Singh RE, Ahmadi A, Parr AM, Samadani U, Krassioukov AV, Netoff TI, Darrow DP. Epidural stimulation restores muscle synergies by modulating neural drives in participants with sensorimotor complete spinal cord injuries. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2023; 20:59. [PMID: 37138361 PMCID: PMC10155428 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-023-01164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have corroborated the restoration of volitional motor control after motor-complete spinal cord injury (SCI) through the use of epidural spinal cord stimulation (eSCS), but rigorous quantitative descriptions of muscle coordination have been lacking. Six participants with chronic, motor and sensory complete SCI underwent a brain motor control assessment (BMCA) consisting of a set of structured motor tasks with and without eSCS. We investigated how muscle activity complexity and muscle synergies changed with and without stimulation. We performed this analysis to better characterize the impact of stimulation on neuromuscular control. We also recorded data from nine healthy participants as controls. Competition exists between the task origin and neural origin hypotheses underlying muscle synergies. The ability to restore motor control with eSCS in participants with motor and sensory complete SCI allows us to test whether changes in muscle synergies reflect a neural basis in the same task. Muscle activity complexity was computed with Higuchi Fractal Dimensional (HFD) analysis, and muscle synergies were estimated using non-negative matrix factorization (NNMF) in six participants with American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Score (AIS) A. We found that the complexity of muscle activity was immediately reduced by eSCS in the SCI participants. We also found that over the follow-up sessions, the muscle synergy structure of the SCI participants became more defined, and the number of synergies decreased over time, indicating improved coordination between muscle groups. Lastly, we found that the muscle synergies were restored with eSCS, supporting the neural hypothesis of muscle synergies. We conclude that eSCS restores muscle movements and muscle synergies that are distinct from those of healthy, able-bodied controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Emanuel Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Northwestern College, Orange, IA, USA
| | - Aliya Ahmadi
- Division of Neurosurgery, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ann M Parr
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Uzma Samadani
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, UMN, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Minneapolis Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Andrei V Krassioukov
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada
- Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, UBC, British Columbia , BC, Canada
- GF Strong Rehabilitation Center, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Theoden I Netoff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David P Darrow
- Division of Neurosurgery, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Djuričić GJ, Ahammer H, Rajković S, Kovač JD, Milošević Z, Sopta JP, Radulovic M. Directionally Sensitive Fractal Radiomics Compatible With Irregularly Shaped Magnetic Resonance Tumor Regions of Interest: Association With Osteosarcoma Chemoresistance. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 57:248-258. [PMID: 35561019 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computational analysis of routinely acquired MRI has potential to improve the tumor chemoresistance prediction and to provide decision support in precision medicine, which may extend patient survival. Most radiomic analytical methods are compatible only with rectangular regions of interest (ROIs) and irregular tumor shape is therefore an important limitation. Furthermore, the currently used analytical methods are not directionally sensitive. PURPOSE To implement a tumor analysis that is directionally sensitive and compatible with irregularly shaped ROIs. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. SUBJECTS A total of 54 patients with histopathologic diagnosis of primary osteosarcoma on tubular long bones and with prechemotherapy MRI. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE A 1.5 T, T2-weighted-short-tau-inversion-recovery-fast-spin-echo. ASSESSMENT A model to explore associations with osteosarcoma chemo-responsiveness included MRI data obtained before OsteoSa MAP neoadjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy. Osteosarcoma morphology was analyzed in the MRI data by calculation of the nondirectional two-dimensional (2D) and directional and nondirectional one-dimensional (1D) Higuchi dimensions (Dh). MAP chemotherapy response was assessed by histopathological necrosis. STATISTICAL TESTS The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) evaluated the association of the calculated features with the actual chemoresponsiveness, using tumor histopathological necrosis (95%) as the endpoint. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) machine learning and multivariable regression were used for feature selection. Significance was set at <0.05. RESULTS The nondirectional 1D Dh reached an AUC of 0.88 in association with the 95% tumor necrosis, while the directional 1D analysis along 180 radial lines significantly improved this association according to the Hanley/McNeil test, reaching an AUC of 0.95. The model defined by variable selection using LASSO reached an AUC of 0.98. The directional analysis showed an optimal predictive range between 90° and 97° and revealed structural osteosarcoma anisotropy manifested by its directionally dependent textural properties. DATA CONCLUSION Directionally sensitive radiomics had superior predictive performance in comparison to the standard nondirectional image analysis algorithms with AUCs reaching 0.95 and full compatibility with irregularly shaped ROIs. EVIDENCE LEVEL 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran J Djuričić
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Belgrade, University Children's Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Helmut Ahammer
- Division of Biophysics, GSRC, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Stanislav Rajković
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Institute for Orthopaedics "Banjica", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Djokić Kovač
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Radiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Milošević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Oncology & Radiology of Serbia, Clinic for Radiation Oncology and Radiology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena P Sopta
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Radulovic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology & Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Karimi Z, Mazloumi A, Sharifnezhad A, Jafari AH, Kazemi Z, Keihani A, Mohebbi I. Nonlinear analysis of postural changes related to the movement interventions during prolonged standing task. ERGONOMICS 2022:1-15. [PMID: 36039393 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2022.2119284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of movement-based interventions on the complexity of postural changes during prolonged standing. Twenty participants, equally distributed in gender and standing work experience (SWE), completed three simulated prolonged standing sessions: without movement (control), leg exercise and footrest. The amount and complexity of variability in the centre of pressure (COP) and lumbar curvature angle were quantified using linear and nonlinear tools. Lower leg swelling and back/leg discomfort were also monitored. Participants in the SWE group showed significantly greater postural complexity during the standing. Regular leg exercise resulted in significantly higher postural complexity and lower leg discomfort and swelling. The footrest led to significant changes in amount of COP variability. Both interventions significantly reduced back discomfort. Overall, the nonlinear analysis of postural changes provided different findings compared to linear ones, considering the standing time, interventions and standing job experience. Nonlinear results were consistent with leg discomfort and swelling. Practitioner summary: The effect of movement-based interventions on dynamics of postural alterations over prolonged standing were characterised using nonlinear techniques. The effect of standing work experience was also considered. Previous experience of standing jobs and leg movements increase the complexity of postural behaviour over standing period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanyar Karimi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Adel Mazloumi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sharifnezhad
- Department of Sport Biomechanics and Technology, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Homayoun Jafari
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Kazemi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Ahmadreza Keihani
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Mohebbi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Supriya S, Siuly S, Wang H, Zhang Y. Automated epilepsy detection techniques from electroencephalogram signals: a review study. Health Inf Sci Syst 2020; 8:33. [PMID: 33088489 DOI: 10.1007/s13755-020-00129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a serious neurological condition which contemplates as top 5 reasons for avoidable mortality from ages 5-29 in the worldwide. The avoidable deaths due to epilepsy can be reduced by developing efficient automated epilepsy detection or prediction machines or software. To develop an automated epilepsy detection framework, it is essential to properly understand the existing techniques and their benefit as well as detriment also. This paper aims to provide insight on the information about the existing epilepsy detection and classification techniques as they are crucial for supporting clinical-decision in the course of epilepsy treatment. This review study accentuate on the existing epilepsy detection approaches and their drawbacks. This information presented in this article will be helpful to the neuroscientist, researchers as well as to technicians for assisting them in selecting the reliable and appropriate techniques for analyzing epilepsy and developing an automated software system of epilepsy identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Supriya
- Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities, Victoria University, Footscray, Australia
| | - Siuly Siuly
- Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities, Victoria University, Footscray, Australia
| | - Hua Wang
- Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities, Victoria University, Footscray, Australia
| | - Yanchun Zhang
- Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities, Victoria University, Footscray, Australia
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Santuz A, Ekizos A, Kunimasa Y, Kijima K, Ishikawa M, Arampatzis A. Lower complexity of motor primitives ensures robust control of high-speed human locomotion. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05377. [PMID: 33163662 PMCID: PMC7610320 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Walking and running are mechanically and energetically different locomotion modes. For selecting one or another, speed is a parameter of paramount importance. Yet, both are likely controlled by similar low-dimensional neuronal networks that reflect in patterned muscle activations called muscle synergies. Here, we challenged human locomotion by having our participants walk and run at a very broad spectrum of submaximal and maximal speeds. The synergistic activations of lower limb locomotor muscles were obtained through decomposition of electromyographic data via non-negative matrix factorization. We analyzed the duration and complexity (via fractal analysis) over time of motor primitives, the temporal components of muscle synergies. We found that the motor control of high-speed locomotion was so challenging that the neuromotor system was forced to produce wider and less complex muscle activation patterns. The motor modules, or time-independent coefficients, were redistributed as locomotion speed changed. These outcomes show that humans cope with the challenges of high-speed locomotion by adapting the neuromotor dynamics through a set of strategies that allow for efficient creation and control of locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Santuz
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Movement Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonis Ekizos
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Movement Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yoko Kunimasa
- Graduate School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, 590-0459 Osaka, Japan
| | - Kota Kijima
- Graduate School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, 590-0459 Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, 590-0459 Osaka, Japan
| | - Adamantios Arampatzis
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Movement Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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Santuz A, Akay T. Fractal analysis of muscle activity patterns during locomotion: pitfalls and how to avoid them. J Neurophysiol 2020; 124:1083-1091. [PMID: 32816603 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00360.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-dependent physiological data sets are often difficult to interpret objectively. Biosignals such as electromyogram, electroencephalogram, or single-neuron recordings can be interpreted using various linear and nonlinear methods. Each analysis technique aims at the explanation of different data features that might be visible or not to the naked eye. Here, we used linear decomposition based on machine learning to extract motor primitives (the time-dependent coefficients of muscle synergies) from the hindlimb electromyographic activity of mice during normal and mechanically perturbed locomotion. We set out to investigate the effects of calculation parameters and data quality on two nonlinear metrics derived from fractal analysis: the Higuchi's fractal dimension (HFD) and the Hurst exponent (H). Both HFD and H proved to be exceptionally sensitive to changes in motor primitives induced by external perturbations to locomotion. We discuss the potential pitfalls that might arise from fractal analysis by using examples based on surrogate data. We conclude giving some simple, data-driven suggestions to reduce the chance of misinterpretations when metrics such as HFD and H are applied to any biological signal containing elements of periodicity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Despite the lack of consensus on how to perform fractal analysis of physiological time series, many studies rely on this technique. Here, we shed light on the potential pitfalls of using the Higuchi's fractal dimension and the Hurst exponent. We expose and suggest how to solve the drawbacks of such methods when applied to data from normal and perturbed locomotion by combining in vivo recordings and computational approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Santuz
- Atlantic Mobility Action Project, Brain Repair Centre, Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin School of Movement Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Turgay Akay
- Atlantic Mobility Action Project, Brain Repair Centre, Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Walsh GS, Low DC, Arkesteijn M. Stable and Unstable Load Carriage Effects on the Postural Control of Older Adults. J Appl Biomech 2020; 36:178-185. [PMID: 32369768 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2019-0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of backpack load carriage on quiet standing postural control and limits of stability (LOS) of older adults. Fourteen older adults (65 [6] y) performed quiet standing and a forward, right, and left LOS test in 3 conditions, unloaded, stable, and unstable backpack loads while activity of 4 leg muscles was recorded. Stable and unstable loads decreased postural sway (main effect ηp2=.84, stable P < .001, unstable P < .001), mediolateral (main effect ηp2=.49, stable P = .002, unstable P = .018) and anterior-posterior (main effect ηp2=.64, stable P < .001, unstable P = .001) fractal dimension, and LOS distance (main effect ηp2=.18, stable P = .011, unstable P = .046) compared with unloaded. Rectus femoris (main effect ηp2=.39, stable P = .001, unstable P = .010) and gastrocnemius (main effect ηp2=.30, unstable P = .027) activity increased in loaded conditions during LOS and quiet standing. Gastrocnemius-tibialis anterior coactivation was greater in unstable load than stable loaded quiet standing (main effect ηp2=.24, P = .040). These findings suggest older adults adopt conservative postural control strategies minimizing the need for postural corrections in loaded conditions. Reduced LOS may also increase fall risk when carrying a load. However, there was no difference between unstable and stable loads for postural control variables.
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Influence of sampling frequency and number of strides on recurrence quantifiers extracted from gait data. Comput Biol Med 2020; 119:103673. [PMID: 32339118 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the influence of the sampling frequency and number of strides on recurrence quantifiers extracted from gait data was investigated in order to provide baseline values and preserve the system's non-linear dynamical characteristics expressed by these recurrence quantifiers. Recurrence quantifiers were extracted from a recurrence plot (RP), which required the reconstruction of a high-dimensional state space capable of reproducing the dynamical characteristics of the analyzed system. In this study, the following quantifiers were extracted: rate of recurrence (RR), determinism (DET), average diagonal lines length (AVG), maximum diagonal lines length (MaxL), Shannon entropy (EntD), and measure of trend (TREND). Data collected during treadmill walking were statistically analyzed to compare the distribution characteristics (mean, median, and standard deviation) and the quantifiers' correlation with those obtained from a control time series with an acquisition time corresponding to 150 strides and a 100-Hz sampling frequency, which are common values used in gait studies. It was not possible to reduce the number of strides for the MaxL or TREND. However, for the RR, DET, AVG, and EntD, it was possible to reduce the number of strides by 60% when analyzed together. The minimum sampling frequency required to extract all quantifiers simultaneously was 100 Hz. This potential reduction in the number of strides is appropriate for evaluating fast gait events, with short temporal localization in the RP, by applying the sliding window method to the recurrence plot.
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Jelinek HF, Donnan L, Khandoker AH. Singular value decomposition entropy as a measure of ankle dynamics efficacy in a Y-balance test following supportive lower limb taping. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2019:2439-2442. [PMID: 31946391 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8856655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Complexity versus regularity is an important component of appropriate joint position to retain balance but has not received much attention. The Singular value decomposition entropy (SvdEn) characterizes information content or regularity of a signal depending on the number of vectors attributed to the process. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of kinesiology tape compared to static strapping tape and no tape on ankle joint dynamics during the Y balance test. Forty-one participants (21 males; 20 females) aged between 18 and 34 years of age completed the Y-balance test with kinesiology tape, with strapping tape and without tape applied to the dominant leg. SvdEn was obtained from center of pressure values, as well as ankle and knee movement variability during the Y balance test. Center of pressure and knee joint dynamics did not change significantly between the two taped and no tape conditions during the YBT. Ankle joint SvdEn was significantly lower in the anterior-posterior (p<; .05) and superior-inferior (p<; .001) direction for both tape conditions compared to no tape. Greater regularity in the ankle joint dynamics indicates less vectors are required to describe the signal, which can be interpreted from a neurophysiological perspective as a decrease in feedforward and/or feedback input along the hierarchical sensorimotor processing pathway as an adjustment to taping and a possibly more reflex oriented response localised at the spinal cord level.
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Yousefi Azar Khanian M, Hashemi Golpayegni SMR, Rostami M. A new multi-attractor model for the human posture stability system aimed to follow self-organized dynamics. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jelinek HF, Khalaf K, Poilvet J, Khandoker AH, Heale L, Donnan L. The Effect of Ankle Support on Lower Limb Kinematics During the Y-Balance Test Using Non-linear Dynamic Measures. Front Physiol 2019; 10:935. [PMID: 31402873 PMCID: PMC6669792 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: According to dynamical systems theory, an increase in movement variability leads to greater adaptability, which may be related to the number of feedforward and feedback mechanisms associated with movement and postural control. Using Higuchi dimension (HDf) to measure complexity of the signal and Singular Value Decomposition Entropy (SvdEn) to measure the number of attributes required to describe the biosignal, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of kinesiology and strapping tape on center of pressure dynamics, myoelectric muscle activity, and joint angle during the Y balance test. Method: Forty-one participants between 18 and 34 years of age completed five trials of the Y balance test without tape, with strapping tape (ST), and with kinesiology tape (KT) in a cross-sectional study. The mean and standard errors were calculated for the center of pressure, joint angles, and muscle activities with no tape, ST, and KT. The results were analyzed with a repeated measures ANOVA model (PA < 0.05) fit and followed by Tukey post hoc analysis from the R package with probability set at P < 0.05. Results: SvdEn indicated significantly decreased complexity in the anterior-posterior (p < 0.05) and internal-external rotation (p < 0.001) direction of the ankle, whilst HDf for both ST and KT identified a significant increase in ankle dynamics when compared to no tape (p < 0.0001) in the mediolateral direction. Taping also resulted in a significant difference in gastrocnemius muscle myoelectric muscle activity between ST and KT (p = 0.047). Conclusion: Complexity of ankle joint dynamics increased in the sagittal plane of movement with no significant changes in the possible number of physiological attributes. In contrast, the number of possible physiological attributes contributing to ankle movement was significantly lower in the frontal and transverse planes. Simply adhering tape to the skin is sufficient to influence neurological control and adaptability of movement. In addition, adaptation of ankle joint dynamics to retain postural stability during a Y Balance test is achieved differently depending on the direction of movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert F Jelinek
- School of Community Health, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia
| | - Kinda Khalaf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Julie Poilvet
- Department of Biology and Computer Science, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Ahsan H Khandoker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lainey Heale
- School of Community Health, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia
| | - Luke Donnan
- School of Community Health, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia
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Dutt-Mazumder A, Dhar S, Dutt-Mazumder C. Postural Stability Variables for Dynamic Equilibrium. JOURNAL OF NATURE AND SCIENCE 2018; 4:e541. [PMID: 30637333 PMCID: PMC6327969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Experiments on the maintenance of postural stability on flat stationary support surfaces (quiet standing) that show only limited modes of the potential configurations of balance stability have dominated investigations of balance in quiet upright standing. Recent studies have revealed coordination properties of the whole body in maintaining dynamic postural stability with the application of moving platform paradigms. This paper examines properties of candidate collective variables for postural control within the dynamic systems framework. Evidence is discussed in this paper for: (i) self-organization properties of dynamic postural balance; (ii) enhanced variability and entropy prior to a phase transition between center of mass and center of pressure coupling; (iii) co-existence of intermittent postural control strategies that oscillate between periodic to chaotic transitions to maintain upright postural balance. These collective findings indicate postural attractor dynamic states progressively emerge to the changing task constraints of a moving platform revealing insights into the deterministic and stochastic properties of the multiple time scales of human postural behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sushmit Dhar
- Australian Maritime College, University of Tasmania, Launceston, AUS
| | - Courtney Dutt-Mazumder
- College of Applied Health Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
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Dutt-Mazumder A, Rand TJ, Mukherjee M, Newell KM. Scaling oscillatory platform frequency reveals recurrence of intermittent postural attractor states. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11580. [PMID: 30068921 PMCID: PMC6070516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29844-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of postural control has been dominated by experiments on the maintenance of quiet upright standing balance on flat stationary support surfaces that reveal only limited modes of potential configurations of balance stability/instability. Here we examine the self-organization properties of postural coordination as revealed in a dynamic balance task with a moving platform. We scaled a control parameter (platform frequency) to investigate the evolving nature of the coupled oscillator dynamics between center of mass (CoM) and platform. Recurrent map measures were used to reveal whether episodic postural control strategies exist that can be scaled by systematically changing the magnitude of platform motion. The findings showed that at higher platform frequencies (1.2 Hz), the CoM-Platform coupling was less deterministic than lower platform frequencies and evolved to intermittent postural control strategies that oscillated between periodic-chaotic transitions to maintain upright postural balance. Collectively, the recurrence map measures indicated that quasi-static postural attractor states were progressively emerging to the changing task constraints of platform frequency in the maintenance of postural stability. It appears that several dynamic modes of intermittent coupling in postural control can interchangeably co-exist and are expressed as a function of the control parameter of platform frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviroop Dutt-Mazumder
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.
| | - Troy J Rand
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska, Omaha, USA
| | - Mukul Mukherjee
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska, Omaha, USA
| | - Karl M Newell
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
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