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Rossi J, Uotila J, Sharma S, Hieta T, Laurila T, Teissier R, Baranov A, Ikonen E, Vainio M. Optical power detector with broad spectral coverage, high detectivity, and large dynamic range. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:1689-1692. [PMID: 35363719 DOI: 10.1364/ol.455191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Optical power measurements are needed in practically all technologies based on light. Here, we report a general-purpose optical power detector based on the photoacoustic effect. Optical power incident on the detector's black absorber produces an acoustic signal, which is further converted into an electrical signal using a silicon-cantilever pressure transducer. We demonstrate an exceptionally large spectral coverage from ultraviolet to far infrared, with the possibility for further extension to the terahertz region. The linear dynamic range of the detector reaches 80 dB, ranging from a noise-equivalent power of 6 n W/H z to 600 mW (independent of signal averaging time).
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Characterization of Chirality in Diffractive Metasurfaces by Photothermal Deflection Technique. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Chirality, a lack of mirror symmetry, is present in nature at all scales; at the nanoscale, it governs the biochemical reactions of many molecules, influencing their pharmacology and toxicity. Chiral substances interact with left and right circularly polarized light differently, but this difference is very minor in natural materials. Specially engineered, nanostructured, periodic materials can enhance the chiro-optical effects if the symmetry in their interactions with circular polarization is broken. In the diffraction range of such metasurfaces, the intensity of diffracted orders depends on the chirality of the input beam. In this work, we combine a photothermal deflection experiment with a novel theoretical framework to reconstruct both the thermal and optical behavior of chiro-optical behavior in diffracted beams.
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3
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Cesarini G, Antonelli M, Anulli F, Bauce M, Biagini ME, Blanco-García OR, Boscolo M, Casaburo F, Cavoto G, Ciarma A, Collamati F, Daout C, Li Voti R, Variola A. Theoretical Modeling for the Thermal Stability of Solid Targets in a Positron-Driven Muon Collider. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS 2021; 42:163. [PMID: 34744236 PMCID: PMC8528769 DOI: 10.1007/s10765-021-02913-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A future multi-TeV muon collider requires new ideas to tackle the problems of muon production, accumulation and acceleration. In the Low EMittance Muon Accelerator concept a 45 GeV positron beam, stored in an accumulation ring with high energy acceptance and low angular divergence, is extracted and driven to a target system in order to produce muon pairs near the kinematic threshold. However, this scheme requires an intensity of the impinging positron beam so high that the energy dissipation and the target maintenance are crucial aspects to be investigated. Both peak temperature rises and thermomechanical shocks are related to the beam spot size at the target for a given material: these aspects are setting a lower bound on the beam spot size itself. The purpose of this paper is to provide a fully theoretical approach to predict the temperature increase, the thermal gradients, and the induced thermomechanical stress on targets, generated by a sequence of 45 GeV positron bunches. A case study is here presented for Beryllium and Graphite targets. We first discuss the Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the heat deposited on the targets after a single bunch of 3 × 1011 positrons for different beam sizes. Then a theoretical model is developed to simulate the temperature increase of the targets subjected to very fast sequences of positron pulses, over different timescales, from ps regime to hundreds of seconds. Finally a simple approach is provided to estimate the induced thermomechanical stresses in the target, together with simple criteria to be fulfilled (i.e., Christensen safety factor) to prevent the crack formation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmario Cesarini
- I.N.F.N. Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base ed Applicate per l’Ingegneria, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Antonio Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Antonelli
- I.N.F.N. Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - Fabio Anulli
- I.N.F.N. Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Bauce
- I.N.F.N. Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Enrica Biagini
- I.N.F.N. Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | | | - Manuela Boscolo
- I.N.F.N. Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - Fausto Casaburo
- I.N.F.N. Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Cavoto
- I.N.F.N. Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciarma
- I.N.F.N. Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cyril Daout
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base ed Applicate per l’Ingegneria, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Antonio Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Li Voti
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base ed Applicate per l’Ingegneria, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Antonio Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Petronijevic E, Belardini A, Leahu G, Hakkarainen T, Piton MR, Koivusalo E, Sibilia C. Broadband optical spin dependent reflection in self-assembled GaAs-based nanowires asymmetrically hybridized with Au. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4316. [PMID: 33619343 PMCID: PMC7900205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83899-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridization of semiconductor nanostructures with asymmetric metallic layers offers new paths to circular polarization control and chiral properties. Here we study, both experimentally and numerically, chiral properties of GaAs-based nanowires (NWs) which have two out of six sidewalls covered by Au. Sparse ensembles of vertical, free-standing NWs were fabricated by means of lithography-free self-assembled technique on Si substrates and subsequently covered by Au using tilted evaporation. We report on optical spin-dependent specular reflection in the 680–1000 nm spectral range when the orientation of the golden layers follows the rule of extrinsic chirality. The analysis shows reflection peaks of the chiral medium whose intensity is dependent on the light handedness. We further propose a novel, time-efficient numerical method that enables a better insight into the far-field intensity and distribution of the scattered light from a sparse NW ensembles. The measurements done on three different samples in various orientations show good agreement with theoretical predictions over a broad wavelength range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilija Petronijevic
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base ed Applicate per l'Ingegneria, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via A. Scarpa 16, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Belardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base ed Applicate per l'Ingegneria, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via A. Scarpa 16, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Grigore Leahu
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base ed Applicate per l'Ingegneria, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via A. Scarpa 16, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Teemu Hakkarainen
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base ed Applicate per l'Ingegneria, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via A. Scarpa 16, 00161, Rome, Italy.,Optoelectronics Research Centre, Physics Unit, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Marcelo Rizzo Piton
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, Physics Unit, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eero Koivusalo
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, Physics Unit, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Concita Sibilia
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base ed Applicate per l'Ingegneria, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via A. Scarpa 16, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Edward S, Zhang H, Witte S, Planken PCM. Laser-induced ultrasonics for detection of low-amplitude grating through metal layers with finite roughness. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:23374-23387. [PMID: 32752335 DOI: 10.1364/oe.398134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on the use of laser-induced ultrasonics for the detection of gratings with amplitudes as small as 0.5 nm, buried underneath an optically opaque nickel layer. In our experiments, we use gratings fabricated on top of a nickel layer on glass, and we optically pump and probe the sample from the glass side. The diffraction of the probe pulse from the acoustic echo from the buried grating is measured as a function of time. We use a numerical model to show how the various physical phenomena such as interface displacement, strain-optic effects, thermo-optic effects, and surface roughness influence the shape and strength of the time-dependent diffraction signal. More importantly, we use a Rayleigh-Rice scattering theory to quantify the amount of light scattering, which is then used as in input parameter in our numerical model to predict the time-dependent diffracted signal.
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Circular Dichroism in the Second Harmonic Field Evidenced by Asymmetric Au Coated GaAs Nanowires. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11020225. [PMID: 32102171 PMCID: PMC7074832 DOI: 10.3390/mi11020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Optical circular dichroism (CD) is an important phenomenon in nanophotonics, that addresses top level applications such as circular polarized photon generation in optics, enantiomeric recognition in biophotonics and so on. Chiral nanostructures can lead to high CD, but the fabrication process usually requires a large effort, and extrinsic chiral samples can be produced by simpler techniques. Glancing angle deposition of gold on GaAs nanowires can (NWs) induces a symmetry breaking that leads to an optical CD response that mimics chiral behavior. The GaAs NWs have been fabricated by a self-catalyzed, bottom-up approach, leading to large surfaces and high-quality samples at a relatively low cost. Here, we investigate the second harmonic generation circular dichroism (SHG-CD) signal on GaAs nanowires partially covered with Au. SHG is a nonlinear process of even order, and thus extremely sensitive to symmetry breaking. Therefore, the visibility of the signal is very high when the fabricated samples present resonances at first and second harmonic frequencies (i.e., 800 and 400 nm, in our case).
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Circular Dichroism in Low-Cost Plasmonics: 2D Arrays of Nanoholes in Silver. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10041316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Arrays of nanoholes in metal are important plasmonic devices, proposed for applications spanning from biosensing to communications. In this work, we show that in such arrays the symmetry can be broken by means of the elliptical shape of the nanoholes, combined with the in-plane tilt of the ellipse axes away from the array symmetry lines. The array then differently interacts with circular polarizations of opposite handedness at normal incidence, i.e., it becomes intrinsically chiral. The measure of this difference is called circular dichroism (CD). The nanosphere lithography combined with tilted silver evaporation was employed as a low-cost fabrication technique. In this paper, we demonstrate intrinsic chirality and CD by measuring the extinction in the near-infrared range. We further employ numerical analysis to visualize the circular polarization coupling with the nanostructure. We find a good agreement between simulations and the experiment, meaning that the optimization can be used to further increase CD.
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Li Voti R. Nondestructive Characterization at Nanoscopic Scale by Photoacoustic and Photothermal Techniques -INVITED. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202023810004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic and Photothermal Spectroscopy are excellent techniques for studying the optical absorption spectra of opaque and highly light-scattering substances such as nanomaterials. In this paper we review recent advances in the methodology and its novel applications at the nanoscopic scale.
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Petronijevic E, Centini M, Cesca T, Mattei G, Bovino FA, Sibilia C. Control of Au nanoantenna emission enhancement of magnetic dipolar emitters by means of VO 2 phase change layers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:24260-24273. [PMID: 31510318 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.024260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Active, ultra-fast external control of the emission properties at the nanoscale is of great interest for chip-scale, tunable and efficient nanophotonics. Here we investigated the emission control of dipolar emitters coupled to a nanostructure made of an Au nanoantenna, and a thin vanadium dioxide (VO2) layer that changes from semiconductor to metallic state. If the emitters are sandwiched between the nanoantenna and the VO2 layer, the enhancement and/or suppression of the nanostructure's magnetic dipole resonance enabled by the phase change behavior of the VO2 layer can provide a high contrast ratio of the emission efficiency. We show that a single nanoantenna can provide high magnetic field in the emission layer when VO2 is metallic, leading to high emission of the magnetic dipoles; this emission is then lowered when VO2 switches back to semiconductor. We finally optimized the contrast ratio by considering different orientation, distribution and nature of the dipoles, as well as the influence of a periodic Au nanoantenna pattern. As an example of a possible application, the design is optimized for the active control of an Er3+ doped SiO2 emission layer. The combination of the emission efficiency increase due to the plasmonic nanoantenna resonances and the ultra-fast contrast control due to the phase-changing medium can have important applications in tunable efficient light sources and their nanoscale integration.
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Zelewski SJ, Zhou Z, Li F, Kang X, Meng Y, Ho JC, Kudrawiec R. Optical Properties of In 2 xGa 2-2 xO 3 Nanowires Revealed by Photoacoustic Spectroscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:19260-19266. [PMID: 31075196 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Group III oxides, such as In2O3 and Ga2O3, have proved to be good candidates as active materials for novel electronic devices, including high-mobility transistors, gas sensors, and UV photodetectors. The ability to tune optical and electronic properties is provided by alloying In2 xGa2-2 xO3 (InGaO) in a broad compositional range. Further development of InGaO compounds in the form of nanowires (NWs) would overcome the technological limitations, such as the substrate crystal lattice mismatch and the inability to fabricate high quality structures above the critical thickness. In this work, optical properties of alloyed InGaO NWs in a wide compositional range are carefully assessed. Unlike classical optical characterization methods, photoacoustic spectroscopy reveals the fundamental absorption edge despite the strong light scattering in porous and randomly oriented nanowires structure. An unusual compositional band gap dependence is also observed, giving insight into the phase segregation effect and increased quality of mixed NWs. In addition, photoacoustic measurements disclose potential applications of InGaO NWs in remote, light-driven loudspeakers because of intense photoacoustic effect in nanowire ensembles in this material system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon J Zelewski
- Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology , Wrocław University of Science and Technology , Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 , 50-370 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute , City University of Hong Kong , Shenzhen 518057 , P. R. China
| | - Fangzhou Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
| | - You Meng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
| | - Johnny C Ho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute , City University of Hong Kong , Shenzhen 518057 , P. R. China
| | - Robert Kudrawiec
- Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology , Wrocław University of Science and Technology , Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 , 50-370 Wrocław , Poland
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Demonstration of extrinsic chirality of photoluminescence with semiconductor-metal hybrid nanowires. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5040. [PMID: 30911080 PMCID: PMC6434037 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41615-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral optical response is an inherent property of molecules and nanostructures, which cannot be superimposed on their mirror images. In specific cases, optical chirality can be observed also for symmetric structures. This so-called extrinsic chirality requires that the mirror symmetry is broken by the geometry of the structure together with the incident or emission angle of light. From the fabrication point of view, the benefit of extrinsic chirality is that there is no need to induce structural chirality at nanoscale. This paper reports demonstration extrinsic chirality of photoluminescence emission from asymmetrically Au-coated GaAs-AlGaAs-GaAs core-shell nanowires fabricated on silicon by a completely lithography-free self-assembled method. In particular, the extrinsic chirality of PL emission is shown to originate from a strong symmetry breaking of fundamental HE11 waveguide modes due to the presence of the asymmetric Au coating, causing preferential emission of left and right-handed emissions in different directions in the far field.
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Petronijevic E, Sibilia C. Enhanced Near-Field Chirality in Periodic Arrays of Si Nanowires for Chiral Sensing. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050853. [PMID: 30823382 PMCID: PMC6429513 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials can be specially designed to enhance optical chirality and their interaction with chiral molecules can lead to enhanced enantioselectivity. Here we propose periodic arrays of Si nanowires for the generation of enhanced near-field chirality. Such structures confine the incident electromagnetic field into specific resonant modes, which leads to an increase in local optical chirality. We investigate and optimize near-field chirality with respect to the geometric parameters and excitation scheme. Specially, we propose a simple experiment for the enhanced enantioselectivity, and optimize the average chirality depending on the possible position of the chiral molecule. We believe that such a simple achiral nanowire approach can be functionalized to give enhanced chirality in the spectral range of interest and thus lead to better discrimination of enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilija Petronijevic
- Department S.B.A.I., Sapienza Università di Roma, Via A. Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Concita Sibilia
- Department S.B.A.I., Sapienza Università di Roma, Via A. Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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