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Walsh CL, Berg M, West H, Holroyd NA, Walker-Samuel S, Shipley RJ. Reconstructing microvascular network skeletons from 3D images: What is the ground truth? Comput Biol Med 2024; 171:108140. [PMID: 38422956 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Structural changes to microvascular networks are increasingly highlighted as markers of pathogenesis in a wide range of disease, e.g. Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia and tumour growth. This has motivated the development of dedicated 3D imaging techniques, alongside the creation of computational modelling frameworks capable of using 3D reconstructed networks to simulate functional behaviours such as blood flow or transport processes. Extraction of 3D networks from imaging data broadly consists of two image processing steps: segmentation followed by skeletonisation. Much research effort has been devoted to segmentation field, and there are standard and widely-applied methodologies for creating and assessing gold standards or ground truths produced by manual annotation or automated algorithms. The Skeletonisation field, however, lacks widely applied, simple to compute metrics for the validation or optimisation of the numerous algorithms that exist to extract skeletons from binary images. This is particularly problematic as 3D imaging datasets increase in size and visual inspection becomes an insufficient validation approach. In this work, we first demonstrate the extent of the problem by applying 4 widely-used skeletonisation algorithms to 3 different imaging datasets. In doing so we show significant variability between reconstructed skeletons of the same segmented imaging dataset. Moreover, we show that such a structural variability propagates to simulated metrics such as blood flow. To mitigate this variability we introduce a new, fast and easy to compute super metric that compares the volume, connectivity, medialness, bifurcation point identification and homology of the reconstructed skeletons to the original segmented data. We then show that such a metric can be used to select the best performing skeletonisation algorithm for a given dataset, as well as to optimise its parameters. Finally, we demonstrate that the super metric can also be used to quickly identify how a particular skeletonisation algorithm could be improved, becoming a powerful tool in understanding the complex implication of small structural changes in a network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Walsh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Maxime Berg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Hannah West
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie A Holroyd
- Centre for Computational Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Walker-Samuel
- Centre for Computational Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J Shipley
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom; Centre for Computational Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, United Kingdom
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2
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Yoshida Y, Fukuda T, Fukuoka K, Nagayama T, Tanihara T, Nishikawa N, Otsuki K, Terada Y, Hamamura K, Oyama K, Tsuruta A, Mayanagi K, Koyanagi S, Matsunaga N, Ohdo S. Time-Dependent Differences in Vancomycin Sensitivity of Macrophages Underlie Vancomycin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:218-227. [PMID: 38050132 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although vancomycin (VCM)-frequently used to treat drug-resistant bacterial infections-often induces acute kidney injury (AKI), discontinuation of the drug is the only effective treatment; therefore, analysis of effective avoidance methods is urgently needed. Here, we report the differences in the induction of AKI by VCM in 1/2-nephrectomized mice depending on the time of administration. Despite the lack of difference in the accumulation of VCM in the kidney between the light (ZT2) and dark (ZT14) phases, the expression of AKI markers due to VCM was observed only in the ZT2 treatment. Genomic analysis of the kidney suggested that the time of administration was involved in VCM-induced changes in monocyte and macrophage activity, and VCM had time-dependent effects on renal macrophage abundance, ATP activity, and interleukin (IL)-1β expression. Furthermore, the depletion of macrophages with clodronate abolished the induction of IL-1β and AKI marker expression by VCM administration at ZT2. This study provides evidence of the need for time-dependent pharmacodynamic considerations in the prevention of VCM-induced AKI as well as the potential for macrophage-targeted AKI therapy. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: There is a time of administration at which vancomycin (VCM)-induced renal injury is more and less likely to occur, and macrophages are involved in this difference. Therefore, there is a need for time-dependent pharmacodynamic considerations in the prevention of VCM-induced acute kidney injury as well as the potential for macrophage-targeted acute kidney injury therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Yoshida
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacokinetics (Y.Y., T.F., T.N., T.T., N.N., K.O., Y.T., K.H., N.M.), Pharmaceutics (K.F., K.O., S.O.), Glocal Healthcare Science (A.T., S.K.), and Drug Discovery Structural Biology (K.M.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taiki Fukuda
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacokinetics (Y.Y., T.F., T.N., T.T., N.N., K.O., Y.T., K.H., N.M.), Pharmaceutics (K.F., K.O., S.O.), Glocal Healthcare Science (A.T., S.K.), and Drug Discovery Structural Biology (K.M.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kohei Fukuoka
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacokinetics (Y.Y., T.F., T.N., T.T., N.N., K.O., Y.T., K.H., N.M.), Pharmaceutics (K.F., K.O., S.O.), Glocal Healthcare Science (A.T., S.K.), and Drug Discovery Structural Biology (K.M.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nagayama
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacokinetics (Y.Y., T.F., T.N., T.T., N.N., K.O., Y.T., K.H., N.M.), Pharmaceutics (K.F., K.O., S.O.), Glocal Healthcare Science (A.T., S.K.), and Drug Discovery Structural Biology (K.M.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohito Tanihara
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacokinetics (Y.Y., T.F., T.N., T.T., N.N., K.O., Y.T., K.H., N.M.), Pharmaceutics (K.F., K.O., S.O.), Glocal Healthcare Science (A.T., S.K.), and Drug Discovery Structural Biology (K.M.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishikawa
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacokinetics (Y.Y., T.F., T.N., T.T., N.N., K.O., Y.T., K.H., N.M.), Pharmaceutics (K.F., K.O., S.O.), Glocal Healthcare Science (A.T., S.K.), and Drug Discovery Structural Biology (K.M.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kaita Otsuki
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacokinetics (Y.Y., T.F., T.N., T.T., N.N., K.O., Y.T., K.H., N.M.), Pharmaceutics (K.F., K.O., S.O.), Glocal Healthcare Science (A.T., S.K.), and Drug Discovery Structural Biology (K.M.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuma Terada
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacokinetics (Y.Y., T.F., T.N., T.T., N.N., K.O., Y.T., K.H., N.M.), Pharmaceutics (K.F., K.O., S.O.), Glocal Healthcare Science (A.T., S.K.), and Drug Discovery Structural Biology (K.M.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kengo Hamamura
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacokinetics (Y.Y., T.F., T.N., T.T., N.N., K.O., Y.T., K.H., N.M.), Pharmaceutics (K.F., K.O., S.O.), Glocal Healthcare Science (A.T., S.K.), and Drug Discovery Structural Biology (K.M.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Oyama
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacokinetics (Y.Y., T.F., T.N., T.T., N.N., K.O., Y.T., K.H., N.M.), Pharmaceutics (K.F., K.O., S.O.), Glocal Healthcare Science (A.T., S.K.), and Drug Discovery Structural Biology (K.M.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akito Tsuruta
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacokinetics (Y.Y., T.F., T.N., T.T., N.N., K.O., Y.T., K.H., N.M.), Pharmaceutics (K.F., K.O., S.O.), Glocal Healthcare Science (A.T., S.K.), and Drug Discovery Structural Biology (K.M.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kota Mayanagi
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacokinetics (Y.Y., T.F., T.N., T.T., N.N., K.O., Y.T., K.H., N.M.), Pharmaceutics (K.F., K.O., S.O.), Glocal Healthcare Science (A.T., S.K.), and Drug Discovery Structural Biology (K.M.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoru Koyanagi
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacokinetics (Y.Y., T.F., T.N., T.T., N.N., K.O., Y.T., K.H., N.M.), Pharmaceutics (K.F., K.O., S.O.), Glocal Healthcare Science (A.T., S.K.), and Drug Discovery Structural Biology (K.M.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoya Matsunaga
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacokinetics (Y.Y., T.F., T.N., T.T., N.N., K.O., Y.T., K.H., N.M.), Pharmaceutics (K.F., K.O., S.O.), Glocal Healthcare Science (A.T., S.K.), and Drug Discovery Structural Biology (K.M.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Ohdo
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacokinetics (Y.Y., T.F., T.N., T.T., N.N., K.O., Y.T., K.H., N.M.), Pharmaceutics (K.F., K.O., S.O.), Glocal Healthcare Science (A.T., S.K.), and Drug Discovery Structural Biology (K.M.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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3
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Kamezawa C, Hyodo K, Tokunaga C, Tsukada T, Matushita S. Large-view x-ray imaging for medical applications using the world's only vertically polarized synchrotron radiation beam and a single asymmetric Si crystal. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68:195010. [PMID: 37735969 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/acf640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective.X-ray microangiography provides detailed information on the internal structure and function of a biological subject. Its ability to evaluate the microvasculature of small animals is useful for acquiring basic and clinical medical knowledge. The following three conditions are necessary to attain detailed knowledge of biological functions: (1) high temporal resolution with sufficient x-ray intensity, (2) high spatial resolution, and (3) a wide field of view. Because synchrotron radiation microangiography systems provide high sapatial resolution and high temporal resolution as a result of their high x-ray intensity, such systems have been developed at various synchrotron radiation facilities, starting with the photon factory, leading to numerous medical discoveries. However, the three aforementioned functions are incompatible with the use of synchrotron radiation because the x-ray intensity decreases when a wide field of view is obtained. To overcome these problems, we developed a new x-ray optical system for microangiography in rats using synchrotron radiation x-rays.Approach.Instead of using monochromatic synchrotron radiation x-rays with a conventional double-crystal monochromator, we used white synchrotron radiation x-rays and an asymmetric Si crystal to simultaneously monochromatize the beam and widen the field of view.Main results.The intensity profile and spatial resolution of the x-ray images were then evaluated. The proposed x-ray optics increased the x-ray intensity and beam width by factors of 1.3 and 2.7, respectively, compared with those of conventional monochromatic x-rays. In addition,in vivostudies on microangiography in rats were performed to confirm that the images had sufficient intensity, spatial resolution, and field of view. One of a series of images taken at 50 ms frame-1was shown as an example.Significance.This x-ray optics provides sufficient x-ray intensity, high spatial resolution, and a wide field of view. This technique is expected providing new insights into the evaluation of the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Kamezawa
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK, Tsukuba, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Hyodo
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK, Tsukuba, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Chiho Tokunaga
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toru Tsukada
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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4
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Lin YC, Hua CH, Lu HM, Huang SW, Chen Y, Tsai MH, Lin FY, Canoll P, Chiu SC, Huang WH, Cho DY, Jan CI. CAR-T cells targeting HLA-G as potent therapeutic strategy for EGFR-mutated and overexpressed oral cancer. iScience 2023; 26:106089. [PMID: 36876120 PMCID: PMC9978640 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignancy in the world. Recently, scientists have focused on therapeutic strategies to determine the regulation of tumors and design molecules for specific targets. Some studies have demonstrated the clinical significance of human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) in malignancy and NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in promoting tumorigenesis in OSCC. This is the first study to investigate whether aberrant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) induces HLA-G expression through NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β secretion in OSCC. Our results showed that the upregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome leads to abundant HLA-G in the cytoplasm and cell membrane of FaDu cells. In addition, we also generated anti-HLA-G chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells and provided evidence for their effects in EGFR-mutated and overexpressed oral cancer. Our results may be integrated with OSCC patient data to translate basic research into clinical significance and may lead to novel EGFR-aberrant OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chuan Lin
- Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Translational Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Road, North District, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Hua
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Man Lu
- Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Wei Huang
- Translational Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Road, North District, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yeh Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsui Tsai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Lin
- Translational Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Road, North District, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shao-Chih Chiu
- Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Translational Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Road, North District, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- Dr. Jean Landsborough Memorial Hospice Ward, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 406, Taiwan
| | - Der-Yang Cho
- Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Translational Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Road, North District, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ing Jan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
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5
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Kunishima N, Takeda Y, Hirose R, Kume S, Maeda M, Oguchi A, Yanagita M, Shibuya H, Tamura M, Kataoka Y, Murakawa Y, Ito K, Omote K. Compact laboratory-based X-ray microscope enabling nondestructive 3D structure acquisition of mouse nephron with high speed and better user accessibility. Microscopy (Oxf) 2022; 71:315-323. [PMID: 35778966 PMCID: PMC9731380 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray microscopes adopting computed tomography enable nondestructive 3D visualization of biological specimens at micron-level resolution without conventional 2D serial sectioning that is a destructive/laborious method and is routinely used for analyzing renal biopsy in clinical diagnosis of kidney diseases. Here we applied a compact commercial system of laboratory-based X-ray microscope to observe a resin-embedded osmium-stained 1-mm strip of a mouse kidney piece as a model of renal biopsy, toward a more efficient diagnosis of kidney diseases. A reconstructed computed tomography image from several hours of data collection using CCD detector allowed us to unambiguously segment a single nephron connected to a renal corpuscle, which was consistent with previous reports using serial sectioning. Histogram analysis on the segmented nephron confirmed that the proximal and distal tubules were distinguishable on the basis of their X-ray opacities. A 3D rendering model of the segmented nephron visualized a convoluted structure of renal tubules neighboring the renal corpuscle and a branched structure of efferent arterioles. Furthermore, another data collection using scientific complementary metal-oxide semiconductor detector with a much shorter data acquisition time of 15 min provided similar results from the same samples. These results suggest a potential application of the compact laboratory-based X-ray microscope to analyze mouse renal biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshihiro Takeda
- X-ray Research Laboratory, Rigaku Corporation, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
| | - Raita Hirose
- X-ray Research Laboratory, Rigaku Corporation, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kume
- Laboratory for Pathophysiological and Health Science, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan,Center for Health Science Innovation, Osaka City University, Osaka 530-0011, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Maeda
- Multi-Modal Microstructure Analysis Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Akiko Oguchi
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan,Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Shibuya
- Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Masaru Tamura
- Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Yosky Kataoka
- Multi-Modal Microstructure Analysis Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan,Laboratory for Cellular Function Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Murakawa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan,IFOM―the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Koichiro Ito
- New Market Development Office, Rigaku Corporation, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Omote
- X-ray Research Laboratory, Rigaku Corporation, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
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Shih CT, Chen NY, Wang TY, He GW, Wang GT, Lin YJ, Lee TK, Chiang AS. NeuroRetriever: Automatic Neuron Segmentation for Connectome Assembly. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:687182. [PMID: 34366800 PMCID: PMC8342815 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.687182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Segmenting individual neurons from a large number of noisy raw images is the first step in building a comprehensive map of neuron-to-neuron connections for predicting information flow in the brain. Thousands of fluorescence-labeled brain neurons have been imaged. However, mapping a complete connectome remains challenging because imaged neurons are often entangled and manual segmentation of a large population of single neurons is laborious and prone to bias. In this study, we report an automatic algorithm, NeuroRetriever, for unbiased large-scale segmentation of confocal fluorescence images of single neurons in the adult Drosophila brain. NeuroRetriever uses a high-dynamic-range thresholding method to segment three-dimensional morphology of single neurons based on branch-specific structural features. Applying NeuroRetriever to automatically segment single neurons in 22,037 raw brain images, we successfully retrieved 28,125 individual neurons validated by human segmentation. Thus, automated NeuroRetriever will greatly accelerate 3D reconstruction of the single neurons for constructing the complete connectomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Tin Shih
- Department of Applied Physics, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Yow Chen
- National Center for High-Performance Computing, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yuan Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Wei He
- Department of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Tzau Wang
- National Center for High-Performance Computing, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Jen Lin
- National Center for High-Performance Computing, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Kuo Lee
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Shyn Chiang
- Department of Applied Physics, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Systems Neuroscience, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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7
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Lysyl oxidase inhibitors attenuate cyclosporin A-induced nephropathy in mouse. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12437. [PMID: 34127702 PMCID: PMC8203624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91772-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin inhibitors, such as Cyclosporin (CsA), are the mainstay of anti-rejection therapy in solid organ transplants but can paradoxically induce progressive nephropathy characterised by renal dysfunction and interstitial fibrosis. Lysyl oxidases (LOXs), a group of enzymes that catalyse extracellular matrix (ECM) crosslinking, were shown to implicate in tissue scarring. It is hypothesized that inhibition of these enzymes may render therapeutic effects against CsA-induced nephropathy. In this study, 6-to-8 weeks old C57BL/6 J mice were administered saline or CsA (30 mg/kg/day s.c) for 16 weeks. At 8 weeks, CsA-treated animals were divided into 5 groups respectively treated with: (1) vehicle, (2) PXS-5505 (Pan-LOX inhibitor), (3) PXS-5382 (LOX-like 2 inhibitor), (4) PXS-5505 for 4 weeks then PXS-5382 for 4 weeks (sequential therapy), and (5) Telmisartan (standard therapy). Our results indicate that CsA administration significantly increased the levels of blood urea nitrogen, glomerular and tubular injury, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in mouse kidney. These changes were associated with upregulated mRNA expression of LOX and LOXL2. Administration of Pan-LOX or LOXL2 inhibitors or the sequential therapy suppressed the expression of ECM proteins (α-SMA, FN and COL1A), matrix metalloproteases (MMP)2 and 9, inflammatory markers (TNFα and MCP-1) and TGF-β1-Smad3 signalling. Among all regimens including telmisartan, only Pan-LOX inhibitor PXS-5505 was able to attenuate uraemia. Collectively, our study suggests that Pan-LOX and LOXL2 inhibition can attenuate progressive nephropathy due to CsA administration.
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8
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Xie L, Koukos G, Barck K, Foreman O, Lee WP, Brendza R, Eastham-Anderson J, McKenzie BS, Peterson A, Carano RAD. Micro-CT imaging and structural analysis of glomeruli in a model of Adriamycin-induced nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 316:F76-F89. [PMID: 30256127 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00331.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomeruli number and size are important for determining the pathogenesis of glomerular disease, chronic kidney disease, and hypertension. Moreover, renal injury can occur in specific cortical layers and alter glomerular spatial distribution. In this study, we present a comprehensive structural analysis of glomeruli in a model of Adriamycin (doxorubicin) nephropathy. Glomeruli are imaged (micro-CT at 10 × 10 × 10 μm3) in kidney specimens from C57Bl/6 mouse cohorts: control treated with saline ( n = 9) and Adriamycin treated with 20 mg/kg Adriamycin ( n = 7). Several indices were examined, including glomerular number, glomerular volume, glomerular volume heterogeneity, and spatial density at each glomerulus and in each cortical layer (superficial, midcortical, and juxtamedullary). In the Adriamycin-treated animals, glomerular number decreased significantly in the left kidney [control: 8,298 ± 221, Adriamycin: 6,781 ± 630 (mean ± SE)] and right kidney (control: 7,317 ± 367, Adriamycin: 5,522 ± 508), and glomerular volume heterogeneity increased significantly in the left kidney (control: 0.642 ± 0.015, Adriamycin: 0.786 ± 0.018) and right kidney (control: 0.739 ± 0.016, Adriamycin: 0.937 ± 0.023). Glomerular spatial density was not affected. Glomerular volume heterogeneity increased significantly in the superficial and midcortical layers of the Adriamycin cohort. Adriamycin did not affect glomerular volume or density metrics in the juxtamedullary region, suggesting a compensatory mechanism of juxtamedullary glomeruli to injury in the outer cortical layers. Left/right asymmetry was observed in kidney size and various glomeruli metrics. The methods presented here can be used to evaluate renal disease models with subtle changes in glomerular endowment locally or across the entire kidney, and they provide an imaging tool to investigate diverse interventions and therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Xie
- Biomedical Imaging, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Georgios Koukos
- Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Kai Barck
- Biomedical Imaging, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Oded Foreman
- Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Wyne P Lee
- Translation Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Robert Brendza
- Neuroscience, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Brent S McKenzie
- Translation Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Andrew Peterson
- Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
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