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Hwang IH, Kelly SD, Chan MKY, Stavitski E, Heald SM, Han SW, Schwarz N, Sun CJ. The AXEAP2 program for Kβ X-ray emission spectra analysis using artificial intelligence. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2023; 30:923-933. [PMID: 37526993 PMCID: PMC10481262 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577523005684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The processing and analysis of synchrotron data can be a complex task, requiring specialized expertise and knowledge. Our previous work addressed the challenge of X-ray emission spectrum (XES) data processing by developing a standalone application using unsupervised machine learning. However, the task of analyzing the processed spectra remains another challenge. Although the non-resonant Kβ XES of 3d transition metals are known to provide electronic structure information such as oxidation and spin state, finding appropriate parameters to match experimental data is a time-consuming and labor-intensive process. Here, a new XES data analysis method based on the genetic algorithm is demonstrated, applying it to Mn, Co and Ni oxides. This approach is also implemented as a standalone application, Argonne X-ray Emission Analysis 2 (AXEAP2), which finds a set of parameters that result in a high-quality fit of the experimental spectrum with minimal intervention. AXEAP2 is able to find a set of parameters that reproduce the experimental spectrum, and provide insights into the 3d electron spin state, 3d-3p electron exchange force and Kβ emission core-hole lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Hui Hwang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Shelly D. Kelly
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Maria K. Y. Chan
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Eli Stavitski
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, NY 11973, USA
| | - Steve M. Heald
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Sang-Wook Han
- Department of Physics Education and Institute of Fusion Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Nicholas Schwarz
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Cheng-Jun Sun
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
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Vrankić M, Šarić A, Bosnar S, Barišić D, Pajić D, Lützenkirchen-Hecht D, Badovinac IJ, Petravić M, Altomare A, Rizzi R, Klaser T. Structural Behavior and Spin-State Features of BaAl 2O 4 Scaled through Tuned Co 3+ Doping. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:8475-8488. [PMID: 34060812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pure and Co3+-doped BaAl2O4 [Ba(Al1-xCox)2O4, x = 0, 0.0077, 0.0379] powder samples were prepared by a facile hydrothermal route. Elemental analyses by static secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements at the Co K-edge, and X-ray diffraction studies were fully correlated, thus addressing a complete description of the structural complexity of Co3+-doped BaAl2O4 powder. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns indicated that prepared samples were nanocrystalline with a hexagonal P63 symmetry. The X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) measurements revealed the presence of cobalt in a +3 oxidation state, while the rarely documented, tetrahedral symmetry around Co3+ was extracted from the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) oscillation patterns. Rietveld structure refinements showed that Co3+ preferentially substitutes Al3+ at tetrahedral Al3 sites of the BaAl2O4 host lattice, whereas the (Al3)O4 tetrahedra remain rather regular with Co3+-O distances ranging from 1.73(9) to 1.74(9) Å. The underlying magneto-structural features were unraveled through axial and rhombic zero-field splitting (ZFS) terms. The increased substitution of Al3+ by Co3+ at Al3 sites leads to an increase of the axial ZFS terms in Co3+-doped BaAl2O4 powder from 10.8 to 26.3 K, whereas the rhombic ZFS parameters across the series change in the range from 2.7 to 10.4 K, showing a considerable increase of anisotropy together with the values of the anisotropic g-tensor components flowing from 1.7 to 2.5. We defined the line between the Co3+ doping limit and influenced magneto-structural characteristics, thus enabling the design of strategy to control the ZFS terms' contributions to magnetic anisotropy within Co3+-doped BaAl2O4 powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Vrankić
- Division of Materials Physics and Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ankica Šarić
- Division of Materials Physics and Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Bosnar
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dario Barišić
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Damir Pajić
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ivana Jelovica Badovinac
- Department of Physics and Centre for Micro- and Nanosciences and Technologies, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Mladen Petravić
- Department of Physics and Centre for Micro- and Nanosciences and Technologies, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Angela Altomare
- Institute of Crystallography-CNR, via Amendola 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Rosanna Rizzi
- Institute of Crystallography-CNR, via Amendola 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Teodoro Klaser
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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5
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Liu Z, Sakai Y, Yang J, Li W, Liu Y, Ye X, Qin S, Chen J, Agrestini S, Chen K, Liao SC, Haw SC, Baudelet F, Ishii H, Nishikubo T, Ishizaki H, Yamamoto T, Pan Z, Fukuda M, Ohashi K, Matsuno K, Machida A, Watanuki T, Kawaguchi SI, Arevalo-Lopez AM, Jin C, Hu Z, Attfield JP, Azuma M, Long Y. Sequential Spin State Transition and Intermetallic Charge Transfer in PbCoO 3. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5731-5741. [PMID: 32083872 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Spin state transitions and intermetallic charge transfers can essentially change material structural and physical properties while excluding external chemical doping. However, these two effects have rarely been found to occur sequentially in a specific material. In this article, we show the realization of these two phenomena in a perovskite oxide PbCoO3 with a simple ABO3 composition under high pressure. PbCoO3 possesses a peculiar A- and B-site ordered charge distribution Pb2+Pb4+3Co2+2Co3+2O12 with insulating behavior at ambient conditions. The high spin Co2+ gradually changes to low spin with increasing pressure up to about 15 GPa, leading to an anomalous increase of resistance magnitude. Between 15 and 30 GPa, the intermetallic charge transfer occurs between Pb4+ and Co2+ cations. The accumulated charge-transfer effect triggers a metal-insulator transition as well as a first-order structural phase transition toward a Tetra.-I phase at the onset of ∼20 GPa near room temperature. On further compression over 30 GPa, the charge transfer completes, giving rise to another first-order structural transformation toward a Tetra.-II phase and the reentrant electrical insulating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhehong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuki Sakai
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 705-1 Shimoimaizumi, Ebina 243-0435, Japan.,Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Junye Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenmin Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xubin Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shijun Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinming Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Stefano Agrestini
- Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, NöthnitzerStraße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kai Chen
- Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, NöthnitzerStraße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sheng-Chieh Liao
- Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, NöthnitzerStraße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Shu-Chih Haw
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Francois Baudelet
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin-BP48, 91192 GIF-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Hirofumi Ishii
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Takumi Nishikubo
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hayato Ishizaki
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Tatsuru Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Zhao Pan
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fukuda
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ohashi
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kana Matsuno
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Akihiko Machida
- Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Tetsu Watanuki
- Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Saori I Kawaguchi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Angel M Arevalo-Lopez
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Changqing Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiwei Hu
- Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, NöthnitzerStraße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - J Paul Attfield
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Masaki Azuma
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 705-1 Shimoimaizumi, Ebina 243-0435, Japan.,Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Youwen Long
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
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