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Evangelista DA, Nelson D, Kotyková Varadínová Z, Kotyk M, Rousseaux N, Shanahan T, Grandcolas P, Legendre F. Phylogenomic analyses of Blattodea combining traditional methods, incremental tree-building, and quality-aware support. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 200:108177. [PMID: 39142526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Despite the many advances of the genomic era, there is a persistent problem in assessing the uncertainty of phylogenomic hypotheses. We see this in the recent history of phylogenetics for cockroaches and termites (Blattodea), where huge advances have been made, but there are still major inconsistencies between studies. To address this, we present a phylogenetic analysis of Blattodea that emphasizes identification and quantification of uncertainty. We analyze 1183 gene domains using three methods (multi-species coalescent inference, concatenation, and a supermatrix-supertree hybrid approach) and assess support for controversial relationships while considering data quality. The hybrid approach-here dubbed "tiered phylogenetic inference"-incorporates information about data quality into an incremental tree building framework. Leveraging this method, we are able to identify cases of low or misleading support that would not be possible otherwise, and explore them more thoroughly with follow-up tests. In particular, quality annotations pointed towards nodes with high bootstrap support that later turned out to have large ambiguities, sometimes resulting from low-quality data. We also clarify issues related to some recalcitrant nodes: Anaplectidae's placement lacks unbiased signal, Ectobiidae s.s. and Anaplectoideini need greater taxon sampling, the deepest relationships among most Blaberidae lack signal. As a result, several previous phylogenetic uncertainties are now closer to being resolved (e.g., African and Malagasy "Rhabdoblatta" spp. are the sister to all other Blaberidae, and Oxyhaloinae is sister to the remaining Blaberidae). Overall, we argue for more approaches to quantifying support that take data quality into account to uncover the nature of recalcitrant nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic A Evangelista
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, 505 S Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA; Biology Department, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA.
| | - Dvorah Nelson
- Brooklyn College, CUNY, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
| | - Zuzana Kotyková Varadínová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44 Praha, Czech Republic; Department of Zoology, National Museum of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Kotyk
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44 Praha, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Phillippe Grandcolas
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR7205, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, CP50 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Legendre
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR7205, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, CP50 Paris, France
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2
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Kovacs TGL, Walker J, Hellemans S, Bourguignon T, Tatarnic NJ, McRae JM, Ho SYW, Lo N. Dating in the Dark: Elevated Substitution Rates in Cave Cockroaches (Blattodea: Nocticolidae) Have Negative Impacts on Molecular Date Estimates. Syst Biol 2024; 73:532-545. [PMID: 38320290 PMCID: PMC11377191 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Rates of nucleotide substitution vary substantially across the Tree of Life, with potentially confounding effects on phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses. A large acceleration in mitochondrial substitution rate occurs in the cockroach family Nocticolidae, which predominantly inhabit subterranean environments. To evaluate the impacts of this among-lineage rate heterogeneity on estimates of phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary timescales, we analyzed nuclear ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and mitochondrial genomes from nocticolids and other cockroaches. Substitution rates were substantially elevated in nocticolid lineages compared with other cockroaches, especially in mitochondrial protein-coding genes. This disparity in evolutionary rates is likely to have led to different evolutionary relationships being supported by phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial genomes and UCE loci. Furthermore, Bayesian dating analyses using relaxed-clock models inferred much deeper divergence times compared with a flexible local clock. Our phylogenetic analysis of UCEs, which is the first genome-scale study to include all 13 major cockroach families, unites Corydiidae and Nocticolidae and places Anaplectidae as the sister lineage to the rest of Blattoidea. We uncover an extraordinary level of genetic divergence in Nocticolidae, including two highly distinct clades that separated ~115 million years ago despite both containing representatives of the genus Nocticola. The results of our study highlight the potential impacts of high among-lineage rate variation on estimates of phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby G L Kovacs
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - James Walker
- Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Simon Hellemans
- Okinawa Institute of Science & Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Thomas Bourguignon
- Okinawa Institute of Science & Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
- Faculty of Tropical AgriScience, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcka 129, 16521 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nikolai J Tatarnic
- Collections & Research, Western Australian Museum, 49 Kew Street, Welshpool, WA 6106, Australia
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jane M McRae
- Bennelongia Environmental Consultants, 5 Bishop Street, Jolimont, WA 6014, Australia
| | - Simon Y W Ho
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Nathan Lo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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3
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Wu H, Li W, Fan J, Jiang S, Li J, Hu P, Yu Z, Li Y, Pang R, Wu H. The hidden RNA viruses in Blattodea (cockroaches and termites). Microb Genom 2024; 10:001265. [PMID: 39037207 PMCID: PMC11316551 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The insect order Blattodea (cockroaches and termites) has drawn substantial research attention for their dietary habits and lifestyle of living with or around humans. In the present study, we focused on the discovery of RNA viruses hidden in Blattodea insects using the publicly available RNA sequencing datasets. Overall, 136 distinctive RNA viruses were identified from 36 Blattodea species, of which more than 70 % were most closely related to the invertebrate-associated viral groups within Picornavirales, Sobelivirales, Bunyaviricetes, Jingchuvirales, Durnavirales, Lispiviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Permutotetraviridae, Flaviviridae and Muvirales. Several viruses were associated with pathogens of vertebrates (Paramyxoviridae), plants (Tymovirales), protozoa (Totiviridae), fungi (Narnaviridae) and bacteria (Norzivirales). Collectively, 93 complete or near-complete viral genomes were retrieved from the datasets, and several viruses appeared to have remarkable temporal and spatial distributions. Interestingly, the newly identified Periplaneta americana dicistrovirus displayed a remarkable distinct bicistronic genome arrangement from the well-recognized dicistroviruses with the translocated structural and non-structural polyprotein encoding open reading frames over the genome. These results significantly enhance our knowledge of RNA virosphere in Blattodea insects, and the novel genome architectures in dicistroviruses and other RNA viruses may break our stereotypes in the understanding of the genomic evolution and the emergence of potential novel viral species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430024, PR China
| | - Wenxin Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430024, PR China
| | - Jingyan Fan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430024, PR China
| | - Shengsheng Jiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430024, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430024, PR China
| | - Peng Hu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430024, PR China
| | - Zejun Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430024, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430024, PR China
| | - Rui Pang
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510651, PR China
| | - Huan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430019, PR China
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Luo XX, Deng WB, Che YL, Wang ZQ. Two new genera ( Vittiblatta gen. nov. and Planiblatta gen. nov.) of Blattinae (Blattodea, Blattidae) from Southwest China and the discovery of chirally dimorphic male genitalia in Vittiblattapunctata sp. nov. Zookeys 2023; 1187:401-421. [PMID: 38187161 PMCID: PMC10768028 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1187.113403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examines Blattinae samples from Southwest China collected in recent years. Based on morphological characters, we establish two genera, Vittiblattagen. nov. and Planiblattagen. nov., and describe four new species, Vittiblattapunctata Luo & Wang, sp. nov., Vittiblattaferruginea Luo & Wang, sp. nov., Vittiblattaundulata Luo & Wang, sp. nov., and Planiblattacrassispina Luo & Wang, sp. nov. These two new genera resemble Periplaneta s.s., but are easily distinguished from it and other genera of Blattinae by morphological characters (genital sclerite L4C). Our results indicate that sclerites L4C and R1G of male genitalia might be important in species delimitation of Blattinae. In addition, chiral dimorphism is found in male genitalia of Vittiblattapunctata sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xing Luo
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, ChinaSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Wen-Bo Deng
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, ChinaSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yan-Li Che
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, ChinaSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zong-Qing Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, ChinaSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
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5
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Schwarz M, Tokuda G, Osaki H, Mikaelyan A. Reevaluating Symbiotic Digestion in Cockroaches: Unveiling the Hindgut's Contribution to Digestion in Wood-Feeding Panesthiinae (Blaberidae). INSECTS 2023; 14:768. [PMID: 37754736 PMCID: PMC10531843 DOI: 10.3390/insects14090768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Cockroaches of the subfamily Panesthiinae (family Blaberidae) are among the few major groups of insects feeding on decayed wood. Despite having independently evolved the ability to thrive on this recalcitrant and nitrogen-limited resource, they are among the least studied of all wood-feeding insect groups. In the pursuit of unraveling their unique digestive strategies, we explored cellulase and xylanase activity in the crop, midgut, and hindgut lumens of Panesthia angustipennis and Salganea taiwanensis. Employing Percoll density gradient centrifugation, we further fractionated luminal fluid to elucidate how the activities in the gut lumen are further partitioned. Our findings challenge conventional wisdom, underscoring the significant contribution of the hindgut, which accounts for approximately one-fifth of cellulase and xylanase activity. Particle-associated enzymes, potentially of bacterial origin, dominate hindgut digestion, akin to symbiotic strategies observed in select termites and passalid beetles. Our study sheds new light on the digestive prowess of panesthiine cockroaches, providing invaluable insights into the evolution of wood-feeding insects and their remarkable adaptability to challenging, nutrient-poor substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melbert Schwarz
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, 100 Derieux Place, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (M.S.); (H.O.)
| | - Gaku Tokuda
- Center of Molecular Biosciences, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan;
| | - Haruka Osaki
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, 100 Derieux Place, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (M.S.); (H.O.)
- Department of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Aram Mikaelyan
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, 100 Derieux Place, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (M.S.); (H.O.)
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Liu JL, Zhang JW, Han W, Wang YS, He SL, Wang ZQ. Advances in the understanding of Blattodea evolution: Insights from phylotranscriptomics and spermathecae. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 182:107753. [PMID: 36898488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Cockroaches, an ancient and diverse group of insects on earth that originated in the Carboniferous, displays a wide array of morphology or biology diversity. The spermatheca is an organ of the insect reproductive system; the diversity of spermathecae might be the adaption to different mating and sperm storage strategies. Yet a consensus about the phylogenetic relationships among the main lineages of Blattodea and the evolution of spermatheca has not been reached until now. Here we added the transcriptome data of Anaplectidae for the first time and supplemented other family level groups (such as Blaberidae, Corydiidae) to address the pending issues. Our results showed that Blattoidea was recovered as sister to Corydioidea, which was strongly supported by molecular evidence. In Blattoidea, (Lamproblattidae + Anaplectidae) + (Cryptocercidae + Termitoidae) was strongly supported by our molecular data. In Blaberoidea, Pseudophyllodromiidae and Blaberidae were recovered to be monophyletic, while Blattellidae was found to be paraphyletic with respect to Malaccina. Ectobius sylvestris + Malaccina discoidalis formed the sister group to other Blaberoidea; Blattellidae (except Malaccina discoidalis) + Nyctiboridae was found as the sister of Blaberidae. Corydiidae was recovered to be non-monophyletic due to the embedding of Nocticola sp. Our ASR analysis of spermatheca suggested that primary spermathecae were present in the common ancestor, and it transformed at least six times during the evolutionary history of Blattodea. The evolution of spermatheca could be described as a unidirectional trend: the increased size to accommodate more sperm. Furthermore, major splits within the existing genera of cockroaches occurred in the Upper Paleogene to Neogene. Our study provides strong support for the relationship among three superfamilies and offers some new insights into the phylogeny of cockroaches. Meanwhile, this study also provides basic knowledge on the evolution of spermathecae and reproductive patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lin Liu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jia-Wei Zhang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei Han
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yi-Shu Wang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shu-Lin He
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zong-Qing Wang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Siddiqui R, Elmashak Y, Khan NA. Cockroaches: a potential source of novel bioactive molecule(s) for the benefit of human health. APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY 2022; 58:1-11. [PMID: 36536895 PMCID: PMC9753028 DOI: 10.1007/s13355-022-00810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cockroaches are one of the hardiest insects that have survived on this planet for millions of years. They thrive in unhygienic environments, are able to survive without food for up to 30 days, without air for around 45 min and being submerged under water for 30 min. Cockroaches are omnivorous and feed on a variety of foods, including cellulose and plastic, to name a few. It is intriguing that cockroaches are able to endure and flourish under conditions that are harmful to Homo sapiens. Given the importance of the gut microbiome on its' host physiology, we postulate that the cockroach gut microbiome and/or its metabolites, may be contributing to their "hardiness", which should be utilized for the discovery of biologically active molecules for the benefit of human health. Herein, we discuss the biology, diet/habitat of cockroaches, composition of gut microbiome, cellular senescence, and resistance to infectious diseases and cancer. Furthermore, current knowledge of the genome and epigenome of these remarkable species is considered. Being one of the most successful and diverse insects, as well as their extensive use in traditional and Chinese medicine, the lysates/extracts and gut microbial metabolites of cockroaches may offer a worthy resource for novel bioactive molecule(s) of therapeutic potential for the benefit of human health and may be potentially used as probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, 26666 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yara Elmashak
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, 26666 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
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8
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Mesozoic origin-delayed explosive radiation of the cockroach family Corydiidae Saussure, 1864. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01279-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Markova DN, Ruma FB, Casola C, Mirsalehi A, Betrán E. Recurrent co-domestication of PIF/Harbinger transposable element proteins in insects. Mob DNA 2022; 13:28. [PMID: 36451208 PMCID: PMC9710019 DOI: 10.1186/s13100-022-00282-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transposable elements (TEs) are selfish DNA sequences capable of moving and amplifying at the expense of host cells. Despite this, an increasing number of studies have revealed that TE proteins are important contributors to the emergence of novel host proteins through molecular domestication. We previously described seven transposase-derived domesticated genes from the PIF/Harbinger DNA family of TEs in Drosophila and a co-domestication. All PIF TEs known in plants and animals distinguish themselves from other DNA transposons by the presence of two genes. We hypothesize that there should often be co-domestications of the two genes from the same TE because the transposase (gene 1) has been described to be translocated to the nucleus by the MADF protein (gene 2). To provide support for this model of new gene origination, we investigated available insect species genomes for additional evidence of PIF TE domestication events and explored the co-domestication of the MADF protein from the same TE insertion. RESULTS After the extensive insect species genomes exploration of hits to PIF transposases and analyses of their context and evolution, we present evidence of at least six independent PIF transposable elements proteins domestication events in insects: two co-domestications of both transposase and MADF proteins in Anopheles (Diptera), one transposase-only domestication event and one co-domestication in butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera), and two transposases-only domestication events in cockroaches (Blattodea). The predicted nuclear localization signals for many of those proteins and dicistronic transcription in some instances support the functional associations of co-domesticated transposase and MADF proteins. CONCLUSIONS Our results add to a co-domestication that we previously described in fruit fly genomes and support that new gene origination through domestication of a PIF transposase is frequently accompanied by the co-domestication of a cognate MADF protein in insects, potentially for regulatory functions. We propose a detailed model that predicts that PIF TE protein co-domestication should often occur from the same PIF TE insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragomira N. Markova
- grid.267315.40000 0001 2181 9515Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX USA
| | - Fatema B. Ruma
- grid.267315.40000 0001 2181 9515Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX USA
| | - Claudio Casola
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Ayda Mirsalehi
- grid.267315.40000 0001 2181 9515Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX USA
| | - Esther Betrán
- grid.267315.40000 0001 2181 9515Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX USA
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Berger J, Legendre F, Zelosko KM, Harrison MC, Grandcolas P, Bornberg-Bauer E, Fouks B. Eusocial Transition in Blattodea: Transposable Elements and Shifts of Gene Expression. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1948. [PMID: 36360186 PMCID: PMC9689775 DOI: 10.3390/genes13111948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Unravelling the molecular basis underlying major evolutionary transitions can shed light on how complex phenotypes arise. The evolution of eusociality, a major evolutionary transition, has been demonstrated to be accompanied by enhanced gene regulation. Numerous pieces of evidence suggest the major impact of transposon insertion on gene regulation and its role in adaptive evolution. Transposons have been shown to be play a role in gene duplication involved in the eusocial transition in termites. However, evidence of the molecular basis underlying the eusocial transition in Blattodea remains scarce. Could transposons have facilitated the eusocial transition in termites through shifts of gene expression? (2) Using available cockroach and termite genomes and transcriptomes, we investigated if transposons insert more frequently in genes with differential expression in queens and workers and if those genes could be linked to specific functions essential for eusocial transition. (3) The insertion rate of transposons differs among differentially expressed genes and displays opposite trends between termites and cockroaches. The functions of termite transposon-rich queen- and worker-biased genes are related to reproduction and ageing and behaviour and gene expression, respectively. (4) Our study provides further evidence on the role of transposons in the evolution of eusociality, potentially through shifts in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Berger
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, CP50, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Legendre
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, CP50, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Kevin-Markus Zelosko
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Hüfferstrasse 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Mark C. Harrison
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Hüfferstrasse 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Philippe Grandcolas
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, CP50, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Erich Bornberg-Bauer
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Hüfferstrasse 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Protein Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max-Planck-Ring 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bertrand Fouks
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Hüfferstrasse 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
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11
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Azevedo CSD, Paula CDS, Teixeira CP, Lessa LG. Is resource partitioning between two sympatric species of Gracilinanus (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) related to trophic and spatial niches? MAMMALIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2021-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Small mammal species may occur in sympatry, and it is relevant to investigate the mechanisms that lead to coexistence of the closely related species. Despite this, studies evaluating the coexistence of closely related Neotropical marsupials are insipient. The aim of this study was to analyse the mechanisms of resource partitioning between the sympatric species of mouse opossums Gracilinanus agilis and G. microtarsus (Didelphidae), evaluating their trophic and spatial niche. We hypothesized that G. agilis and G. microtarsus differ in at least one niche dimension (space use or food preferences) as a mechanism of coexistence. In the study we analysed trophic niche by evaluating the frequency of occurrence of food items present in Gracilinanus faeces. Also, we analysed spatial niche by comparing the vegetal stratum where the individuals were captured and its relationship with the environmental complexity. Both species presented a high trophic niche overlap, with differences in the frequencies of occurrence of the consumed items. Although the most frequent items in the faeces were Hymenoptera, Isoptera and Coleoptera, their proportion differed significantly between the two species. The variety of food items also differed, with flowers being more frequent in G. agilis diet, whereas fruits were more recorded for G. microtarsus. The spatial niche was very similar, with both species being more captured in the forest understory. However, habitat complexity influenced the abundance of both species, especially litter depth and its biomass of leaves. The results indicated that the coexistence of the two species is associated with the trophic and spatial niche, and that this niche segregation could be allowing closely related species of Gracilinanus to coexist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Schetini de Azevedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal , Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri , Campus JK, MGT 367, no 5000, Cep: 39100-000 , Diamantina , Minas Gerais , Brazil
- Departamento de Evolução, Biodiversidade e Meio Ambiente , Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto , Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, s/n, Bauxita, Cep: 35400-000 , Ouro Preto , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Camilla de Souza Paula
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal , Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri , Campus JK, MGT 367, no 5000, Cep: 39100-000 , Diamantina , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Camila Palhares Teixeira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Campus Ibirité , Avenida São Paulo (Rod. MG 049 URB), no 3996, Vila do Rosário, Cep: 32412-190 , Ibirité , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Leonardo Guimarães Lessa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal , Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri , Campus JK, MGT 367, no 5000, Cep: 39100-000 , Diamantina , Minas Gerais , Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri , Campus JK, MGT 367, no 5000. Cep: 39100-000 , Diamantina , Minas Gerais , Brazil
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12
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Zhu J, Zhang J, Luo X, Wang Z, Che Y. Three cryptic Anaplecta (Blattodea, Blattoidea, Anaplectidae) species revealed by female genitalia, plus seven new species from China. Zookeys 2022; 1080:53-97. [PMID: 35068964 PMCID: PMC8752576 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1080.74286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphological characteristics, including male and female genitalia, combined with DNA barcodes were used to identify 470 Anaplecta specimens sampled from China. Ten Anaplecta species are new to science, including three cryptic species: A.paraomei Zhu & Che, sp. nov., A.condensa Zhu & Che, sp. nov., and A.longihamata Zhu & Che, sp. nov., which are distinguished mainly by their female genitalia. The other seven new species are as follows: A.bicruris Zhu & Che, sp. nov., A.spinosa Zhu & Che, sp. nov., A.ungulata Zhu & Che, sp. nov., A.anomala Zhu & Che, sp. nov., A.serrata Zhu & Che, sp. nov., A.bombycina Zhu & Che, sp. nov., and A.truncatula Zhu & Che, sp. nov. This study illustrates that differences in female genitalia can be used to distinguish among species of Anaplecta. The female genitalia of 19 Chinese Anaplecta species are described and illustrated in this paper.
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13
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Tinker KA, Ottesen EA. Differences in Gut Microbiome Composition Between Sympatric Wild and Allopatric Laboratory Populations of Omnivorous Cockroaches. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:703785. [PMID: 34394050 PMCID: PMC8355983 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.703785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome composition is determined by a complex interplay of host genetics, founder’s effects, and host environment. We are using omnivorous cockroaches as a model to disentangle the relative contribution of these factors. Cockroaches are a useful model for host–gut microbiome interactions due to their rich hindgut microbial community, omnivorous diet, and gregarious lifestyle. In this study, we used 16S rRNA sequencing to compare the gut microbial community of allopatric laboratory populations of Periplaneta americana as well as sympatric, wild-caught populations of P. americana and Periplaneta fuliginosa, before and after a 14 day period of acclimatization to a common laboratory environment. Our results showed that the gut microbiome of cockroaches differed by both species and rearing environment. The gut microbiome from the sympatric population of wild-captured cockroaches showed strong separation based on host species. Laboratory-reared and wild-captured cockroaches from the same species also exhibited distinct gut microbiome profiles. Each group of cockroaches had a unique signature of differentially abundant uncharacterized taxa still present after laboratory cultivation. Transition to the laboratory environment resulted in decreased microbiome diversity for both species of wild-caught insects. Interestingly, although laboratory cultivation resulted in similar losses of microbial diversity for both species, it did not cause the gut microbiome of those species to become substantially more similar. These results demonstrate how competing factors impact the gut microbiome and highlight the need for a greater understanding of host–microbiome interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara A Tinker
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Ottesen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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14
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Van Moll L, De Smet J, Cos P, Van Campenhout L. Microbial symbionts of insects as a source of new antimicrobials: a review. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:562-579. [PMID: 34032192 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1907302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To stop the antimicrobial resistance crisis, there is an urgent need for increased investment in antimicrobial research and development. Currently, many researchers are focussing on insects and their microbiota in the search for new antimicrobials. This review summarizes recent literature dedicated to the antimicrobial screening of insect symbionts and/or their metabolites to uncover their value in early drug discovery. We summarize the main steps in the methodology used to isolate and identify active insect symbionts and have noted substantial variation among these studies. There is a clear trend in isolating insect Streptomyces bacteria, but a broad range of other symbionts has been found to be active as well. The microbiota of many insect genera and orders remains untargeted so far, which leaves much room for future research. The antimicrobial screening of insect symbionts has led to the discovery of a diverse array of new active biomolecules, mainly peptides, and polyketides. Here, we discuss 15 of these symbiont-produced compounds and their antimicrobial profile. Cyphomycin, isolated from a Streptomyces symbiont of a Cyphomyrmex fungus-growing ant, seems to be the most promising insect symbiont-derived antimicrobial so far. Overall, insect microbiota appears to be a promising search area to discover new antimicrobial drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Van Moll
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium.,Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen De Smet
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium.,Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Cos
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Leen Van Campenhout
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium.,Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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15
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Liao S, Wang Y, Jin D, Chen R, Wang Z, Che Y. Exploring the relationship of Homalosilpha and Mimosilpha (Blattodea, Blattidae, Blattinae) from a morphological and molecular perspective, including a description of four new species. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10618. [PMID: 33520447 PMCID: PMC7811287 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study utilized six genes (12S, 16S, 18S, 28S, COII and H3) from a total of 40 samples to construct maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) phylogenetic trees in order to infer the relationships between the morphologically similar genera Homalosilpha Stål, 1874 and Mimosilpha Bey-Bienko, 1957. The phylogenetic analysis showed the two genera have a close relationship and were recovered as sister groups based on ML and BI analyses. Four new species are described among these samples, i.e., Homalosilpha obtusangula sp. nov., Homalosilpha recta sp. nov., Homalosilpha alba sp. nov. and Homalosilpha clavellata sp. nov. based on morphological and COI data. A key to the worldwide Homalosilpha is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuran Liao
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, Beibei, China
| | - Yishu Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, Beibei, China
| | - Duting Jin
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, Beibei, China
| | - Rong Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, Beibei, China
| | - Zongqing Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, Beibei, China
| | - Yanli Che
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, Beibei, China
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16
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Guzman J, Vilcinskas A. Bacteria associated with cockroaches: health risk or biotechnological opportunity? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:10369-10387. [PMID: 33128616 PMCID: PMC7671988 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10973-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Cockroaches have existed for 300 million years and more than 4600 extant species have been described. Throughout their evolution, cockroaches have been associated with bacteria, and today Blattabacterium species flourish within specialized bacteriocytes, recycling nitrogen from host waste products. Cockroaches can disseminate potentially pathogenic bacteria via feces and other deposits, particularly members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, but also Staphylococcus and Mycobacterium species, and thus, they should be cleared from sites where hygiene is essential, such as hospitals and kitchens. On the other hand, cockroaches also carry bacteria that may produce metabolites or proteins with potential industrial applications. For example, an antibiotic-producing Streptomyces strain was isolated from the gut of the American cockroach Periplaneta americana. Other cockroach-associated bacteria, including but not limited to Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Pseudomonas species, can also produce bioactive metabolites that may be suitable for development as pharmaceuticals or plant protection products. Enzymes that degrade industrially relevant substrates, or that convert biomasses into useful chemical precursors, are also expressed in cockroach-derived bacteria and could be deployed for use in the food/feed, paper, oil, or cosmetics industries. The analysis of cockroach gut microbiomes has revealed a number of lesser-studied bacteria that may form the basis of novel taxonomic groups. Bacteria associated with cockroaches can therefore be dangerous or useful, and this review explores the bacterial clades that may provide opportunities for biotechnological exploitation. Key points • Members of the Enterobacteriaceae are the most frequently cultivated bacteria from cockroaches. • Cultivation-independent studies have revealed a diverse community, led by the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. • Although cockroaches may carry pathogenic bacteria, most strains are innocuous and may be useful for biotechnological applications. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-020-10973-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Guzman
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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17
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Cultivable, Host-Specific Bacteroidetes Symbionts Exhibit Diverse Polysaccharolytic Strategies. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.00091-20. [PMID: 32060023 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00091-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Beneficial gut microbes can facilitate insect growth on diverse diets. The omnivorous American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (Insecta: Blattodea), thrives on a diet rich in plant polysaccharides and harbors a species-rich gut microbiota responsive to host diet. Bacteroidetes are among the most abundant taxa in P. americana and other cockroaches, based on cultivation-independent gut community profiling, and these potentially polysaccharolytic bacteria may contribute to host diet processing. Eleven Bacteroidetes isolates were cultivated from P. americana digestive tracts, and phylogenomic analyses suggest that they were new Bacteroides, Dysgonomonas, Paludibacter, and Parabacteroides species distinct from those previously isolated from other insects, humans, and environmental sources. In addition, complete genomes were generated for each isolate, and polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) and several non-PUL-associated carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme)-coding genes that putatively target starch, pectin, and/or cellulose were annotated in each of the isolate genomes. Type IX secretion system (T9SS)- and CAZyme-coding genes tagged with the corresponding T9SS recognition and export C-terminal domain were observed in some isolates, suggesting that these CAZymes were deployed via non-PUL outer membrane translocons. Additionally, single-substrate growth and enzymatic assays confirmed genomic predictions that a subset of the Bacteroides and Dysgonomonas isolates could degrade starch, pectin, and/or cellulose and grow in the presence of these substrates as a single sugar source. Plant polysaccharides enrich P. americana diets, and many of these gut isolates are well equipped to exploit host dietary inputs and potentially contribute to gut community and host nutrient accessibility.IMPORTANCE Gut microbes are increasingly being recognized as critical contributors to nutrient accessibility in animals. The globally distributed omnivorous American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) harbors many bacterial phyla (e.g., Bacteroidetes) that are abundant in vertebrates. P. americana thrives on a highly diverse plant-enriched diet, making this insect a rich potential source of uncharacterized polysaccharolytic bacteria. We have cultivated, completely sequenced, and functionally characterized several novel Bacteroidetes species that are endemic to the P. americana gut, and many of these isolates can degrade simple and complex polysaccharides. Cultivation and genomic characterization of these Bacteroidetes isolates further enable deeper insight into how these taxa participate in polysaccharide metabolism and, more broadly, how they affect animal health and development.
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18
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Phylosymbiosis across Deeply Diverging Lineages of Omnivorous Cockroaches (Order Blattodea). Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.02513-19. [PMID: 31953337 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02513-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is shaped by both host diet and host phylogeny. However, separating the relative influence of these two factors over long periods of evolutionary time is often difficult. We conducted a 16S rRNA gene amplicon-based survey of the gut microbiome from 237 individuals and 19 species of omnivorous cockroaches from the order Blattodea. The order Blattodea represents an ancient lineage of insects that emerged over 300 million years ago, have a diverse gut microbiota, and have a typically gregarious lifestyle. All cockroaches shared a broadly similar gut microbiota, with 66 microbial families present across all species and 13 present in every individual examined. Although our network analysis of the cockroach gut microbiome showed a large amount of connectivity, we demonstrated that gut microbiota cluster strongly by host species. We conducted follow-up tests to determine if cockroaches exhibit phylosymbiosis, or the tendency of host-associated microbial communities to parallel the phylogeny of related host species. Across the full data set, gut microbial community similarity was not found to correlate with host phylogenetic distance. However, a weak but significant phylosymbiotic signature was observed using the matching cluster metric, which allows for localized changes within a phylogenetic tree that are more likely to occur over long evolutionary distances. This finding suggests that host phylogeny plays a large role in structuring the cockroach gut microbiome over shorter evolutionary distances and a weak but significant role in shaping the gut microbiome over extended periods of evolutionary time.IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome plays a key role in host health. Therefore, it is important to understand the evolution of the gut microbiota and how it impacts, and is impacted by, host evolution. In this study, we explore the relationship between host phylogeny and gut microbiome composition in omnivorous, gregarious cockroaches within the Blattodea order, an ancient lineage that spans 300 million years of evolutionary divergence. We demonstrate a strong relationship between host species identity and gut microbiome composition and found a weaker but significant role for host phylogeny in determining microbiome similarity over extended periods of evolutionary time. This study advances our understanding of the role of host phylogeny in shaping the gut microbiome over different evolutionary distances.
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19
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New record of Mastotermitidae from Fonseca Basin, Eocene-Oligocene boundary of southeastern Brazil. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00441-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Qiu L, Wang ZQ, Che YL. New and little known Latindiinae (Blattodea, Corydiidae) from China, with discussion of the Asian genera and species. Zookeys 2019; 867:23-44. [PMID: 31404383 PMCID: PMC6684561 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.867.35991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A new Latindiinae, Brachylatindia xui gen. et sp. nov., is described and illustrated from Tibet, China. The new genus Beybienkonus gen. nov. is established to include Beybienkonus acuticercus (Bey-Bienko, 1957), comb. nov. The Asian Latindiinae is discussed with a total of six genera included. A checklist of Asian species and a key to the Asian genera of Latindiinae are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qiu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Zong-Qing Wang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Yan-Li Che
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China Southwest University Chongqing China
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21
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He JJ, Zheng YH, Qiu L, Che YL, Wang ZQ. Two new species and a new combination of Allacta (Blattodea, Ectobiidae, Pseudophyllodromiinae) from China, with notes on their behavior in nature. Zookeys 2019; 836:1-14. [PMID: 31048957 PMCID: PMC6477844 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.836.31673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new species, Allactabrunasp. n. and Allactaalbasp. n., from China are described and illustrated. Allactahainanensis (Liu et al., 2017), comb. n. is proposed and re-described; figures including genitalia are provided. A key is provided to all species from China based on males. Notes on the bionomics of this genus in China are provided.
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22
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Evangelista DA, Wipfler B, Béthoux O, Donath A, Fujita M, Kohli MK, Legendre F, Liu S, Machida R, Misof B, Peters RS, Podsiadlowski L, Rust J, Schuette K, Tollenaar W, Ware JL, Wappler T, Zhou X, Meusemann K, Simon S. An integrative phylogenomic approach illuminates the evolutionary history of cockroaches and termites (Blattodea). Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20182076. [PMID: 30963947 PMCID: PMC6364590 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetic relationships among subgroups of cockroaches and termites are still matters of debate. Their divergence times and major phenotypic transitions during evolution are also not yet settled. We addressed these points by combining the first nuclear phylogenomic study of termites and cockroaches with a thorough approach to divergence time analysis, identification of endosymbionts, and reconstruction of ancestral morphological traits and behaviour. Analyses of the phylogenetic relationships within Blattodea robustly confirm previously uncertain hypotheses such as the sister-group relationship between Blaberoidea and remaining Blattodea, and Lamproblatta being the closest relative to the social and wood-feeding Cryptocercus and termites. Consequently, we propose new names for various clades in Blattodea: Cryptocercus + termites = Tutricablattae; Lamproblattidae + Tutricablattae = Kittrickea; and Blattoidea + Corydioidea = Solumblattodea. Our inferred divergence times contradict previous studies by showing that most subgroups of Blattodea evolved in the Cretaceous, reducing the gap between molecular estimates of divergence times and the fossil record. On a phenotypic level, the blattodean ground-plan is for egg packages to be laid directly in a hole while other forms of oviposition, including ovovivipary and vivipary, arose later. Finally, other changes in egg care strategy may have allowed for the adaptation of nest building and other novelties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic A. Evangelista
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, 57 rue Cuvier, CP50, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Tennessee, Dabney Hall, 1416 Circle Dr., Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Benjamin Wipfler
- Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Vor dem Neutor 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Taxonomy and Evolutionary Research, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK), Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Olivier Béthoux
- CR2P (Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie – Paris), MNHN – CNRS – Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, MNHN, CNRS, Paris, France
- Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, CP38, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexander Donath
- Center for Molecular Biodiversity Research (ZMB), Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK), Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Mari Fujita
- Sugadaira Research Station, Mountain Science Center, University of Tsukuba, 1278-294 Sugadaira Kogen, Ueda, Nagano 386-2204, Japan
| | - Manpreet K. Kohli
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey and NJIT, 195 University Ave, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Frédéric Legendre
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, 57 rue Cuvier, CP50, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Shanlin Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, People's Republic of China
| | - Ryuichiro Machida
- Sugadaira Research Station, Mountain Science Center, University of Tsukuba, 1278-294 Sugadaira Kogen, Ueda, Nagano 386-2204, Japan
| | - Bernhard Misof
- Center for Molecular Biodiversity Research (ZMB), Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK), Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ralph S. Peters
- Center for Taxonomy and Evolutionary Research, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK), Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lars Podsiadlowski
- Center for Molecular Biodiversity Research (ZMB), Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK), Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jes Rust
- Steinmann-Institute, Institute for Paleontology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kai Schuette
- Animal Ecology and Conservation, Zoological Institute, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ward Tollenaar
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica L. Ware
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey and NJIT, 195 University Ave, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Torsten Wappler
- Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Friedensplatz 1, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Xin Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Karen Meusemann
- Center for Molecular Biodiversity Research (ZMB), Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK), Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany
- Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO National Research Collections Australia (NRCA), Acton, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Institute for Biology I, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 1, 79104 Freiburg (Brsg.), Germany
| | - Sabrina Simon
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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23
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Farmani M, Basseri H, Norouzi B, Gholizadeh S. Ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 2 sequence analysis and phylogenetic comparison of seven cockroach species in northwestern Iran. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:53. [PMID: 30674355 PMCID: PMC6343322 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4089-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The current study was conducted to identify cockroach species (Blattodea) of northwestern Iran in public places using morphological characteristics and ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 2 (rDNA-ITS2). Sequences were analyzed with Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) searches, Neighbor-Joining methods based on and Tamura-Nei phylogenetic analyses. In addition, eight cockroach rDNA-ITS2 sequences from China, India, Iran and the United States obtained from GenBank were compared to those obtained in this study. Results Specimens collected in Iran were identified as Periplaneta americana (L.), Shelfordella lateralis (Walker), Blatta orientalis (L.) (Blattodea: Blattidae), Blattella germanica (L.), Supella longipalpa (F.) (Blattodea: Ectobiidae), Polyphaga aegyptiaca (L.), and Polyphaga saussurei (Dohrn) (Blattodea: Corydiidae). rDNA-ITS2 nucleotide sequence analysis showed 100% similarity between P. aegyptiaca and P. saussurei species collected from Iran despite morphological differences. However, ITS2 sequence of P. americana submitted from China showed 30.49–31.71% difference to P. americana sequences from Iran and the United States. The results highlight the importance of morphological identification of cockroach species before conducting molecular techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Farmani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Medical Entomology Department, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Basseri
- Medical Entomology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Norouzi
- Research Center of Health and Environment, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Saber Gholizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. .,Medical Entomology Department, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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24
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Haelewaters D, Pfliegler WP, Gorczak M, Pfister DH. Birth of an order: Comprehensive molecular phylogenetic study excludes Herpomyces (Fungi, Laboulbeniomycetes) from Laboulbeniales. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 133:286-301. [PMID: 30625361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The class Laboulbeniomycetes comprises biotrophic parasites associated with arthropods and fungi. Two orders are currently recognized, Pyxidiophorales and Laboulbeniales. Herpomyces is an isolated genus of Laboulbeniales, with species that exclusively parasitize cockroaches (Blattodea). Here, we evaluate 39 taxa of Laboulbeniomycetes with a three-locus phylogeny (nrSSU, ITS, nrLSU) and propose a new order in this class. Herpomycetales accommodates a single genus, Herpomyces, with currently 26 species, one of which is described here based on morphological and molecular data. Herpomyces shelfordellae is found on Shelfordella lateralis cockroaches from Hungary, Poland, and the USA. We also build on the six-locus dataset from the Ascomycota Tree of Life paper (Schoch and colleagues, 2009) to confirm that Laboulbeniomycetes and Sordariomycetes are sister classes, and we apply laboulbeniomyceta as a rankless taxon for the now well-resolved node that describes the most recent common ancestor of both classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Haelewaters
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Walter P Pfliegler
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Michał Gorczak
- Department of Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Donald H Pfister
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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26
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Li XR, Zheng YH, Wang CC, Wang ZQ. Old method not old-fashioned: parallelism between wing venation and wing-pad tracheation of cockroaches and a revision of terminology. ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-018-0419-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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27
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Vďačný P, Rajter Ľ, Stoeck T, Foissner W. A Proposed Timescale for the Evolution of Armophorean Ciliates: Clevelandellids Diversify More Rapidly Than Metopids. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2018; 66:167-181. [PMID: 29873141 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Members of the class Armophorea occur in microaerophilic and anaerobic habitats, including the digestive tract of invertebrates and vertebrates. Phylogenetic kinships of metopid and clevelandellid armophoreans conflict with traditional morphology-based classifications. To reconcile their relationships and understand their morphological evolution and diversification, we utilized the molecular clock theory as well as information contained in the estimated time trees and morphology of extant taxa. The radiation of the last common ancestor of metopids and clevelandellids very likely occurred during the Paleozoic and crown diversification of the endosymbiotic clevelandellids dates back to the Mesozoic. According to diversification analyses, endosymbiotic clevelandellids have higher net diversification rates than predominantly free-living metopids. Their cladogenic success was very likely associated with sharply isolated ecological niches constituted by their hosts. Conflicts between traditional classifications and molecular phylogenies of metopids and clevelandellids very likely come from processes, leading to further diversification without extinction of ancestral lineages as well as from morphological plesiomorphies incorrectly classified as apomorphies. Our study thus suggests that diversification processes and reconstruction of ancestral morphologies improve the understanding of paraphyly which occurs in groups of organisms with an apparently long evolutionary history and when speciation prevails over extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vďačný
- Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľubomír Rajter
- Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Thorsten Stoeck
- Department of Ecology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Foissner
- FB Ecology and Evolution, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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28
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Xing L, O'Connor JK, McKellar RC, Chiappe LM, Bai M, Tseng K, Zhang J, Yang H, Fang J, Li G. A flattened enantiornithine in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber: morphology and preservation. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2018; 63:235-243. [PMID: 36659012 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (∼99 Ma Burmese amber) has become a valuable supplement to the traditional skeletal record of small theropod dinosaurs preserved in sedimentary rocks, particularly for coelurosaurs and enantiornithines. The specimens recovered from this deposit preserve skeletal material and soft tissues in unmatched detail. This provides opportunities to study three-dimensional preservation of soft tissues, microstructure, and pigmentation patterns that are seldom available elsewhere in the fossil record. Ultimately, this line of research provides insights into life stages that are difficult to preserve, the ecology and appearance of the groups involved, and the evolutionary-development of structures such as feathers. Here we describe the most recent discovery from Burmese amber, an articulated skeleton of an enantiornithine bird. This individual has been sectioned along the coronal plane, providing a unique view inside multiple body regions. Osteological observations and plumage patterns support placement within the Enantiornithes, and suggest that the animal may have been a juvenile at the time of death. The specimen has a complex taphonomic history that includes exposure at the surface of a resin flow prior to encapsulation, and may include scavenging by some of the insects trapped within the same amber piece. The chemical composition observed along surface exposures and shallowly buried regions of the body indicate that the specimen has not undergone significant exchange with its surroundings. High iron concentrations are present in regions that preserve soft tissues as carbon films, and calcium distribution corresponds to regions where bones breach the surface of the amber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; School of the Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jingmai K O'Connor
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Ryan C McKellar
- Royal Saskatchewan Museum, Regina, Saskatchewan S4P 4W7, Canada; Biology Department, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045, USA.
| | - Luis M Chiappe
- Dinosaur Institute, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles 90007, USA
| | - Ming Bai
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kuowei Tseng
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, University of Taipei, Taipei 11153, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haidong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jun Fang
- School of the Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Gang Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Bourguignon T, Tang Q, Ho SYW, Juna F, Wang Z, Arab DA, Cameron SL, Walker J, Rentz D, Evans TA, Lo N. Transoceanic Dispersal and Plate Tectonics Shaped Global Cockroach Distributions: Evidence from Mitochondrial Phylogenomics. Mol Biol Evol 2018; 35:970-983. [DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bourguignon
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Qian Tang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Simon Y W Ho
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Frantisek Juna
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zongqing Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Daej A Arab
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - James Walker
- Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - David Rentz
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Theodore A Evans
- School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nathan Lo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Li M, Che YL, Zheng YH, Wang ZQ. The cockroach genus Sorineuchora Caudell, 1927 from China (Blattodea, Ectobiidae, Pseudophyllodromiinae). Zookeys 2017:133-156. [PMID: 29134019 PMCID: PMC5673855 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.697.13617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, three new species (S.bimaculatasp. n., S.viridissp. n., and S.hispidasp. n.) and five known species, S.formosana (Matsumura, 1913), S.nigra (Shiraki, 1908), S.shanensis (Princis, 1950), S.bivitta (Bey-Bienko, 1969), and S.undulata (Bey-Bienko, 1958), are described and illustrated. Sorineuchoraundulata was previously synonymized with S.nigra, and is now reinstated as a valid species. A key to the males of Sorineuchora from China is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yan-Li Che
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yu-Hong Zheng
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zong-Qing Wang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
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