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Jin X, Zhang Y, Wang D, Zhang X, Li Y, Wang D, Liang Y, Wang J, Zheng L, Song H, Zhu X, Liang J, Ma J, Gao J, Tong J, Shi L. Metabolite and protein shifts in mature erythrocyte under hypoxia. iScience 2024; 27:109315. [PMID: 38487547 PMCID: PMC10937114 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
As the only cell type responsible for oxygen delivery, erythrocytes play a crucial role in supplying oxygen to hypoxic tissues, ensuring their normal functions. Hypoxia commonly occurs under physiological or pathological conditions, and understanding how erythrocytes adapt to hypoxia is fundamental for exploring the mechanisms of hypoxic diseases. Additionally, investigating acute and chronic mountain sickness caused by plateaus, which are naturally hypoxic environments, will aid in the study of hypoxic diseases. In recent years, increasingly developed proteomics and metabolomics technologies have become powerful tools for studying mature enucleated erythrocytes, which has significantly contributed to clarifying how hypoxia affects erythrocytes. The aim of this article is to summarize the composition of the cytoskeleton and cytoplasmic proteins of hypoxia-altered erythrocytes and explore the impact of hypoxia on their essential functions. Furthermore, we discuss the role of microRNAs in the adaptation of erythrocytes to hypoxia, providing new perspectives on hypoxia-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yingnan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Ding Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xiaoru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yipeng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jingwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Lingyue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Haoze Song
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jinfa Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jingyuan Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Lihong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
- CAMS Center for Stem Cell Medicine, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin 300020, China
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Yin Z, Li D, Guo Q, Wang R, Li W. Effect of Hb conformational changes on oxygen transport physiology. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 49:467-475. [PMID: 38970521 PMCID: PMC11208409 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2024.230199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) are the primary mediators of oxygen transport in the human body, and their function is mainly achieved through conformational changes of hemoglobin (Hb). Hb is a tetramer composed of four subunits, with HbA being the predominant Hb in healthy adults, existing in two forms: tense state (T state) and relaxed state (R state). Endogenous regulators of Hb conformation include 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid, carbon dioxide, protons, and chloride ions, while exogenous regulators include inositol hexaphosphate, inositol tripyrophosphate, benzabate, urea derivative L35, and vanillin, each with different mechanisms of action. The application of Hb conformational regulators provides new insights into the study of hypoxia oxygen supply issues and the treatment of sickle cell disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730050.
- PLA Highland Medical Laboratory, 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Doudou Li
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730050
- PLA Highland Medical Laboratory, 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Qianwen Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730050
- PLA Highland Medical Laboratory, 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Rong Wang
- PLA Highland Medical Laboratory, 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- PLA Highland Medical Laboratory, 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China.
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Khammassi M, Polito F, Kochti O, Kouki H, Souihi M, Khedhri S, Hamrouni L, Mabrouk Y, Amri I, De Feo V. Investigation on Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Antifungal and Herbicidal Activities of Volatile Constituents from Deverra tortuosa (Desf.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2556. [PMID: 37447117 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) obtained from stems and umbels of D. tortuosa as well the assessment of their biological activity. EOs were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antioxidant properties were determined by DPPH and ABTS assays. The phytotoxic potential was assessed against dicots weeds (Sinapis arvensis and Trifolium campestre), monocots weeds (Lolium rigidum) and the crop Lepidium sativum. The antifungal activity was evaluated against four target phytopathogenic fungal strains. High diversity of compounds was detected in D. tortuosa Eos, varying among plant parts and consisting mainly of α-pinene (24.47-28.56%), sabinene (16.2-18.6%), α-phellandrene (6.3-11.7%) and cis-ocimene (5.28-7.85%). D. tortuosa EOs exhibited remarkable antioxidant activity, as well as interesting variable antifungal activities depending on the dose and fungi strain. The herbicidal activity of EOs showed significant efficacy on the inhibition of germination and seedling growth of all tested herbs. These results suggest that the EOs of Deverra tortuosa represent a valuable source of antioxidant, antifungal and phytotoxic metabolites and could be potential candidates for pest management, contributing to the promotion of sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Khammassi
- Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, National Institute of Researches on Rural Engineering, Water and Forests, P.B. 10, Ariana 2080, Tunisia
| | - Flavio Polito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via San Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Oumayma Kochti
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Center of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sidi Thabet, B.P. 72, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Habiba Kouki
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Center of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sidi Thabet, B.P. 72, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Souihi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Center of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sidi Thabet, B.P. 72, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Sana Khedhri
- Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, National Institute of Researches on Rural Engineering, Water and Forests, P.B. 10, Ariana 2080, Tunisia
| | - Lamia Hamrouni
- Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, National Institute of Researches on Rural Engineering, Water and Forests, P.B. 10, Ariana 2080, Tunisia
| | - Yassine Mabrouk
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Center of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sidi Thabet, B.P. 72, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Ismail Amri
- Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, National Institute of Researches on Rural Engineering, Water and Forests, P.B. 10, Ariana 2080, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Center of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sidi Thabet, B.P. 72, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via San Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- Institute of Food Science, CNR-ISA, Via Roma, 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
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Alkilani S, Sevimoglu T. In silico analysis of substitution mutations in the β-globin gene in Turkish population of β-thalassemia. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:14028-14035. [PMID: 36752381 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2176924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Beta-thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder represented by anomalies in hemoglobin's beta chain production. Most hemoglobin defects are a result of mutations of the structural β-globin gene. Many diseases, including β-thalassemia, benefit from computational studies that aid researchers in investigating the association of genotype and phenotype. In this study, the alanine substitution mutations of the β-globin protein sub-units in the Turkish population (Hb Ankara, Hb Siirt and Hb Izmir) and the effects of those mutations on the β-globin protein structure and performance are examined using molecular dynamics simulation. While Hb Ankara variant showed a non-conservative mutation, Hb Siirt and Hb Izmir showed a semi-conservative mutation. RMSF values of Hb Siirt, between residues 95 and 99, were higher than wild-type and the other mutant proteins. The residues of Hb Ankara showed lower fluctuation compared to the other structures. The mean ROG values were 1.47 nm, 1.46 nm, 1.49 nm and 1.48 and the average number of the hydrogen bonds were 92, 100, 99, and 89 for Hb Ankara, Hb Siirt and Hb Izmir, respectively. Moreover, a significant increase in overall motion in Hb Siirt was observed based on PCA analysis. Hb Siirt substitution mutation might cause an effect in β-globin proteins which could impact the protein function. This indicates a major role on beta globin subunit's stability for alanine on 27th position. However, Hb Ankara and Hb Izmir variants may act as a silent mutation, since these two mutations did not show a large change in the dynamics of the protein.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Alkilani
- Department of Bioengineering, Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Tuba Sevimoglu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Health Sciences, Uskudar, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Sadıkoğulları BC, Şenel P, Çini N, Faysal AA, Odabaşoğlu M, Özdemir AD, Gölcü A. An Overview of Natural and Synthetic Phthalides Involved in Cancer Studies: Past, Present, and Future. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bleda Can Sadıkoğulları
- Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Sciences and Letters Department of Chemistry Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Pelin Şenel
- Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Sciences and Letters Department of Chemistry Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Nejla Çini
- Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Sciences and Letters Department of Chemistry Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Abdullah Al Faysal
- Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Sciences and Letters Department of Chemistry Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Mustafa Odabaşoğlu
- Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Sciences and Letters Department of Chemistry Trabzon 61080 Turkey
| | - Ayşe Daut Özdemir
- Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Sciences and Letters Department of Chemistry Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Gölcü
- Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Sciences and Letters Department of Chemistry Istanbul 34469 Turkey
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Dynamics of camel and human hemoglobin revealed by molecular simulations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:122. [PMID: 34997093 PMCID: PMC8741986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobin is one of the most widely studied proteins genetically, biochemically, and structurally. It is an oxygen carrying tetrameric protein that imparts the characteristic red color to blood. Each chain of hemoglobin harbors a heme group embedded in a hydrophobic pocket. Several studies have investigated structural variations present in mammalian hemoglobin and their functional implications. However, camel hemoglobin has not been thoroughly explored, especially from a structural perspective. Importantly, very little is known about how the heme group interacts with hemoglobin under varying conditions of osmolarity and temperature. Several experimental studies have indicated that the tense (T) state is more stable than the relaxed (R) state of hemoglobin under normal physiological conditions. Despite the fact that R state is less stable than the T state, no extensive structural dynamics studies have been performed to investigate global quaternary transitions of R state hemoglobin under normal physiological conditions. To evaluate this, several 500 ns all-atom molecular dynamics simulations were performed to get a deeper understanding of how camel hemoglobin behaves under stress, which it is normally exposed to, when compared to human hemoglobin. Notably, camel hemoglobin was more stable under physiological stress when compared to human hemoglobin. Additionally, when compared to camel hemoglobin, cofactor-binding regions of hemoglobin also exhibited more fluctuations in human hemoglobin under the conditions studied. Several differences were observed between the residues of camel and human hemoglobin that interacted with heme. Importantly, distal residues His58 of α hemoglobin and His63 of β hemoglobin formed more sustained interactions, especially at higher temperatures, in camel hemoglobin. These residues are important for oxygen binding to hemoglobin. Thus, this work provides insights into how camel and human hemoglobin differ in their interactions under stress.
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Gach J, Olejniczak T, Krężel P, Boratyński F. Microbial Synthesis and Evaluation of Fungistatic Activity of 3-Butyl-3-hydroxyphthalide, the Mammalian Metabolite of 3- n-Butylidenephthalide. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147600. [PMID: 34299220 PMCID: PMC8304955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phthalides are bioactive compounds that naturally occur in the family Apiaceae. Considering their potentially versatile applications, it is desirable to determine their physical properties, activity and metabolic pathways. This study aimed to examine the utility of whole-cell biocatalysts for obtaining 3-butyl-3-hydroxyphthalide, which is the metabolite formulated during mammalian metabolism of 3-n-butylidenephthalide. We performed transformations using 10 strains of fungi, five of which efficiently produced 3-butyl-3-hydroxyphthalide. The product yield, determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, reached 97.6% when Aspergillus candidus AM 386 was used as the biocatalyst. Increasing the scale of the process resulted in isolation yields of 29–45% after purification via reversed-phase thin layer chromatography, depending on the strain of the microorganism used. We proposed different mechanisms for product formation; however, hydration of 3-n-butylidenephthalide seems to be the most probable. Additionally, all phthalides were tested against clinical strains of Candida albicans using the microdilution method. Two phthalides showed a minimum inhibitory concentration, required to inhibit the growth of 50% of organisms, below 50 µg/mL. The 3-n-butylidenephthalide metabolite was generally inactive, and this feature in combination with its low lipophilicity suggests its involvement in the detoxification pathway. The log P value of tested compounds was in the range of 2.09–3.38.
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LI X, LI W, FENG S, WANG R. [Research progress on mechanism in adaptation of hemoglobin to plateau hypoxia]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2019; 48:674-681. [PMID: 31955543 PMCID: PMC8800677 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2019.12.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Low oxygen partial pressure is the main cause of acute mountain sickness.Hemoglobin plays a crucial physiological role in the binding, utilization, transportation and release of oxygen in the body. To increase the capacity of oxygen binding of hemoglobin or the capacity of oxygen supply in tissues can help alleviate altitude sickness. However, increasing hemoglobin content has certain limitations. Using techniques from molecular biology, researchers are looking for endogenous or exogenous substances that can regulate the conformation of hemoglobin to increase oxygen uptake in the alveoli, or the availability of alveolar oxygen in the tissues. At present, the research on allosteric modulators to improve the affinity of hemoglobin has made some progress, and research on applying this mechanism to plateau hypoxia is also underway. This article reviews the relationship between hemoglobin and hypoxia, the structure of hemoglobin and the role of various allosteric modulators in hypoxia, which would provide information for finding new substances regulating the conformation of hemoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shilan FENG
- 封士兰(1957-), 女, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事中药中化学成分分离分析研究, E-mail:
| | - Rong WANG
- 王荣(1969-), 男, 博士, 主任药师, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事高原药代动力学等研究, E-mail:
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9139-7311
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Ali SM, Khan NA, Sagathevan K, Anwar A, Siddiqui R. Biologically active metabolite(s) from haemolymph of red-headed centipede Scolopendra subspinipes possess broad spectrum antibacterial activity. AMB Express 2019; 9:95. [PMID: 31254123 PMCID: PMC6598926 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of novel antimicrobials from animal species under pollution is an area untapped. Chinese red-headed centipede is one of the hardiest arthropod species commonly known for its therapeutic value in traditional Chinese medicine. Here we determined the antibacterial activity of haemolymph and tissue extracts of red-headed centipede, Scolopendra subspinipes against a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Lysates exhibited potent antibacterial activities against a broad range of bacteria tested. Chemical characterization of biologically active molecules was determined via liquid chromatography mass spectrometric analysis. From crude haemolymph extract, 12 compounds were identified including: (1) l-Homotyrosine, (2) 8-Acetoxy-4-acoren-3-one, (3) N-Undecylbenzenesulfonic acid, (4) 2-Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, (5) 3H-1,2-Dithiole-3-thione, (6) Acetylenedicarboxylate, (7) Albuterol, (8) Tetradecylamine, (9) Curcumenol, (10) 3-Butylidene-7-hydroxyphthalide, (11) Oleoyl Ethanolamide and (12) Docosanedioic acid. Antimicrobial activities of the identified compounds were reported against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites, that possibly explain centipede’s survival in harsh and polluted environments. Further research in characterization, molecular mechanism of action and in vivo testing of active molecules is needed for the development of novel antibacterials.
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Chen WR, Chou CC, Wang CC. Phthalides serve as potent modulators to boost fetal hemoglobin induction therapy for β-hemoglobinopathies. Blood Adv 2019; 3:1493-1498. [PMID: 31072835 PMCID: PMC6517670 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019031120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) induction therapy has become the most promising strategy for treating β-hemoglobinopathies, including sickle-cell diseases and β-thalassemia. However, subtle but critical structural difference exists between HbF and normal adult hemoglobin (HbA), which inevitably leads to reduced binding of the endogenous modulator 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) to HbF and thus increased oxygen affinity and decreased oxygen transport efficiency of HbF. We combined the oxygen equilibrium experiments, resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopy, and molecular docking modeling, and we discuss 2 phthalides, z-butylidenephthalide and z-ligustilide, that can effectively lower the oxygen affinity of HbF. They adjust it to a level closer to that of HbA and make it a more satisfactory oxygen carrier for adults. From the oxygen equilibrium curve measurements, we show that the 2 phthalides are more effective than 2,3-BPG for modulating HbF. The RR spectra show that phthalides allosterically stabilize the oxygenated HbF in the low oxygen affinity conformation, and the molecular docking modeling reveals that the 2 chosen phthalides interact with HbF via the cleft around the γ1/γ2 interface with a binding strength ∼1.6 times stronger than that of 2,3-BPG. We discuss the implications of z-butylidenephthalide and z-ligustilide in boosting the efficacy of HbF induction therapy to mitigate the clinical severities of β-hemoglobinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ren Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Cheng Chou
- National Center for High-performance Computing, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China; and
| | - Chia C Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Aerosol Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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