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Zhang Q, Wen XH, Tang SL, Zhao ZW, Tang CK. Role and therapeutic potential of gelsolin in atherosclerosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 178:59-67. [PMID: 36967105 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the major pathophysiological basis of a variety of cardiovascular diseases and has been recognized as a lipid-driven chronic inflammatory disease. Gelsolin (GSN) is a member of the GSN family. The main function of GSN is to cut and seal actin filaments to regulate the cytoskeleton and participate in a variety of biological functions, such as cell movement, morphological changes, metabolism, apoptosis and phagocytosis. Recently, more and more evidences have demonstrated that GSN is Closely related to atherosclerosis, involving lipid metabolism, inflammation, cell proliferation, migration and thrombosis. This article reviews the role of GSN in atherosclerosis from inflammation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wen
- School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Shi-Lin Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zhen-Wang Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, China.
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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2
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Ashish. Visualizing how inclusion of higher reciprocal space in SWAXS data analysis improves shape restoration of biomolecules: case of lysozyme. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:12975-12989. [PMID: 34569414 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1977704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Query remains whether use of increased resolution data from X-ray scattering aids in better understanding of the dynamic shape of the biomolecule in solution? To address this, we acquired Small/Wide angle X-ray scattering (SWAXS) data in the q range of 0.008 - 1.72 Å-1 from dilute solutions of lysozyme (0.9 to 5 mg/ml). Samples lacked any interparticulate effect and datasets showed Bragg peaks at q∼0.325, 0.65 and 1.4 Å-1, as reported before by other authors. Considering an averaged profile, we estimated shape parameters and distance distribution profiles of interatomic vectors by gradually increasing input qmax value. Interestingly, use of higher resolution led to emergence of new peaks amongst smaller vectors. Deconvolution of these peaks provided positions of smaller peaks which correlated well with an earlier theoretical work. These peaks arise from secondary structures or due to non-uniform internal motions within the larger shape of this protein. Dummy residue modeling considering uniform density yielded model(s) with holes or cavities when considering higher q values implying limitations of this method. Employing normal mode calculations, we searched for better fitting model of lysozyme using differentially ranged SWAXS data and a crystal structure of lysozyme as starting structure. Comparison of refined models with structures from crystallography and NMR data showed that use of data till mid q region resulted in adjustments near the center of mass of starting structure, and inclusion of higher resolution induced pan-structure adjustments. We conclude that high resolution SWAXS data analysis provides additional dimension towards understanding biomolecular structural dynamics.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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3
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Goel N, Dhiman K, Kalidas N, Mukhopadhyay A, Ashish F, Bhattacharjee S. Plasmodium falciparum
Kelch13 and its artemisinin‐resistant mutants assemble as hexamers in solution: a SAXS data‐driven modelling study. FEBS J 2022; 289:4935-4962. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nainy Goel
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India
| | - Kanika Dhiman
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research‐Institute of Microbial Technology Chandigarh India
| | - Nidhi Kalidas
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research‐Institute of Microbial Technology Chandigarh India
| | - Anwesha Mukhopadhyay
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India
| | - Fnu Ashish
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research‐Institute of Microbial Technology Chandigarh India
| | - Souvik Bhattacharjee
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India
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4
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Wound Healing from an Actin Cytoskeletal Perspective. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2022; 14:cshperspect.a041235. [DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Kapoor S, Kodesia A, Kalidas N, Ashish, Thakur KG. Structural characterization of Myxococcus xanthus MglC, a component of the polarity control system, and its interactions with its paralog MglB. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100308. [PMID: 33493516 PMCID: PMC7949163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The δ-proteobacteria Myxococcus xanthus displays social (S) and adventurous (A) motilities, which require pole-to-pole reversal of the motility regulator proteins. Mutual gliding motility protein C (MglC), a paralog of GTPase-activating protein Mutual gliding motility protein B (MglB), is a member of the polarity module involved in regulating motility. However, little is known about the structure and function of MglC. Here, we determined ∼1.85 Å resolution crystal structure of MglC using Selenomethionine Single-wavelength anomalous diffraction. The crystal structure revealed that, despite sharing <9% sequence identity, both MglB and MglC adopt a Regulatory Light Chain 7 family fold. However, MglC has a distinct ∼30° to 40° shift in the orientation of the functionally important α2 helix compared with other structural homologs. Using isothermal titration calorimetry and size-exclusion chromatography, we show that MglC binds MglB in 2:4 stoichiometry with submicromolar range dissociation constant. Using small-angle X-ray scattering and molecular docking studies, we show that the MglBC complex consists of a MglC homodimer sandwiched between two homodimers of MglB. A combination of size-exclusion chromatography and site-directed mutagenesis studies confirmed the MglBC interacting interface obtained by molecular docking studies. Finally, we show that the C-terminal region of MglB, crucial for binding its established partner MglA, is not required for binding MglC. These studies suggest that the MglB uses distinct interfaces to bind MglA and MglC. Based on these data, we propose a model suggesting a new role for MglC in polarity reversal in M. xanthus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srajan Kapoor
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, G. N. Ramachandran Protein Centre, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akriti Kodesia
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, G. N. Ramachandran Protein Centre, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nidhi Kalidas
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, G. N. Ramachandran Protein Centre, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashish
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, G. N. Ramachandran Protein Centre, Chandigarh, India
| | - Krishan Gopal Thakur
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, G. N. Ramachandran Protein Centre, Chandigarh, India.
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6
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Vemula V, Huber T, Ušaj M, Bugyi B, Månsson A. Myosin and gelsolin cooperate in actin filament severing and actomyosin motor activity. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100181. [PMID: 33303625 PMCID: PMC7948409 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin is a major intracellular protein with key functions in cellular motility, signaling, and structural rearrangements. Its dynamic behavior, such as polymerization and depolymerization of actin filaments in response to intracellular and extracellular cues, is regulated by an abundance of actin binding proteins. Out of these, gelsolin is one of the most potent for filament severing. However, myosin motor activity also fragments actin filaments through motor-induced forces, suggesting that these two proteins could cooperate to regulate filament dynamics and motility. To test this idea, we used an in vitro motility assay, where actin filaments are propelled by surface-adsorbed heavy meromyosin (HMM) motor fragments. This allows studies of both motility and filament dynamics using isolated proteins. Gelsolin, at both nanomolar and micromolar Ca2+ concentration, appreciably enhanced actin filament severing caused by HMM-induced forces at 1 mM MgATP, an effect that was increased at higher HMM motor density. This finding is consistent with cooperativity between actin filament severing by myosin-induced forces and by gelsolin. We also observed reduced sliding velocity of the HMM-propelled filaments in the presence of gelsolin, providing further support of myosin-gelsolin cooperativity. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy–based single molecule studies corroborated that the velocity reduction was a direct effect of gelsolin binding to the filament and revealed different filament severing pattern of stationary and HMM propelled filaments. Overall, the results corroborate cooperative effects between gelsolin-induced alterations in the actin filaments and changes due to myosin motor activity leading to enhanced F-actin severing of possible physiological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venukumar Vemula
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Tamás Huber
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Marko Ušaj
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Beáta Bugyi
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Alf Månsson
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
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7
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Sharma P, Tomar R, Yadav SS, Badmalia MD, Nath SK, Ashish, Kundu B. Heat induces end to end repetitive association in P. furiosus L-asparaginase which enables its thermophilic property. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21702. [PMID: 33303914 PMCID: PMC7728782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78877-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It remains undeciphered how thermophilic enzymes display enhanced stability at elevated temperatures. Taking l-asparaginase from P. furiosus (PfA) as an example, we combined scattering shapes deduced from small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data at increased temperatures with symmetry mates from crystallographic structures to find that heating caused end-to-end association. The small contact point of self-binding appeared to be enabled by a terminal short β-strand in N-terminal domain, Leu179-Val-Val-Asn182 (LVVN). Interestingly, deletion of this strand led to a defunct enzyme, whereas suplementation of the peptide LVVN to the defunct enzyme restored structural frameworkwith mesophile-type functionality. Crystal structure of the peptide-bound defunct enzyme showed that one peptide ispresent in the same coordinates as in original enzyme, explaining gain-of lost function. A second peptide was seen bound to the protein at a different location suggesting its possible role in substrate-free molecular-association. Overall, we show that the heating induced self-assembly of native shapes of PfA led to an apparent super-stable assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Sharma
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sec 39 A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Rachana Tomar
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | | | - Maulik D Badmalia
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sec 39 A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Samir Kumar Nath
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sec 39 A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Ashish
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sec 39 A, Chandigarh, 160036, India.
| | - Bishwajit Kundu
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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8
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Castellví A, Pascual-Izarra C, Crosas E, Malfois M, Juanhuix J. Improving data quality and expanding BioSAXS experiments to low-molecular-weight and low-concentration protein samples. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2020; 76:971-981. [PMID: 33021499 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798320010700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The addition of compounds to scavenge the radical species produced during biological small-angle X-ray scattering (BioSAXS) experiments is a common strategy to reduce the effects of radiation damage and produce better quality data. As almost half of the experiments leading to structures deposited in the SASBDB database used scavengers, finding potent scavengers would be advantageous for many experiments. Here, four compounds, three nucleosides and one nitrogenous base, are presented which can act as very effective radical-scavenging additives and increase the critical dose by up to 20 times without altering the stability or reducing the contrast of the tested protein solutions. The efficacy of these scavengers is higher than those commonly used in the field to date, as verified for lysozyme solutions at various concentrations from 7.0 to 0.5 mg ml-1. The compounds are also very efficient at mitigating radiation damage to four proteins with molecular weights ranging from 7 to 240 kDa and pH values from 3 to 8, with the extreme case being catalase at 6.7 mg ml-1, with a scavenging factor exceeding 100. These scavengers can therefore be instrumental in expanding BioSAXS to low-molecular-weight and low-concentration protein samples that were previously inaccessible owing to poor data quality. It is also demonstrated that an increase in the critical dose in standard BioSAXS experiments leads to an increment in the retrieved information, in particular at higher angles, and thus to higher resolution of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Castellví
- Experiments Division, ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Pascual-Izarra
- Experiments Division, ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Crosas
- DESY Photon Science, Notkestrasse 85, 08290 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc Malfois
- Experiments Division, ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Juanhuix
- Experiments Division, ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290 Barcelona, Spain
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Gaurav S, Ranjan R, Kuldeep J, Dhiman K, Mahapatra PP, Ashish, Siddiqi MI, Ahmed S. The N-terminus region of Drp1, a Rint1 family protein is essential for cell survival and its interaction with Rad50 protein in fission yeast S.pombe. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129739. [PMID: 32956753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defects in DNA repair pathway can lead to double-strand breaks leading to genomic instability. Earlier we have shown that S.pombe Drp1, a Rint1/Tip1 family protein is required for the recovery from DNA damage. METHODS Various truncations of Drp1 protein were constructed and their role in DNA damage response and interaction with Rad50 protein has been studied by co-immunoprecipitation and pull-down assays. RESULTS The structural and functional analysis of Drp1 protein revealed that the N-terminus region of Drp1 is indispensable for the survival. The C-terminus truncation mutants, drp1C1Δ and drp1C2Δ exhibit temperature sensitive phenotype and are hypersensitive against DNA damaging agents with elevated level of Rad52-YFP foci at non-permissive temperature indicating the impairment for DNA damage repair pathway. The essential N-terminus region of Drp1 interacts with the C-terminus region of Rad50 and might be involved in influencing the MRN/X function. Small-angle X-ray (SAXS) analysis revealed three-domain like shapes in Drp1 protein while the C-terminus region of Rad50 exhibit unusual bulges. Computational docking studies revealed the amino acid residues at the C-terminus region of Rad50 that are involved in the interaction with the residues present at the N-terminal region of Drp1 indicating the importance of the N-terminal region of Drp1 protein. CONCLUSIONS We have identified the region of Drp1 and Rad50 proteins that are involved in the interaction and their role in the DNA damage response pathway has been analyzed. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The functional and structural aspects of fission yeast Drp1 protein and its interaction with Rad50 have been elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Gaurav
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Rajeev Ranjan
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Jitendra Kuldeep
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kanika Dhiman
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Pinaki Prasad Mahapatra
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ashish
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Mohammad Imran Siddiqi
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Shakil Ahmed
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.
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10
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Dhiman K, Nath SK, Ashish. Monomeric human soluble CD4 dimerizes at physiological temperature: VTSAXS data based modeling and screening of retardant molecules. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:3813-3824. [PMID: 32425101 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1771422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Earlier, solution small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data at 10 °C showed that soluble CD4 (sCD4; 1 mg/ml) is monomer with shape similar to single chain in crystal structures of its dimer. Query remained whether the dimeric state of CD4 can form independent of packing effects of crystal? Taking cue from other systems, we explored heat induced possible association of native shapes of sCD4 by variable temperature SAXS (VTSAXS) experiments. The predominant particle size increased consistently with temperature and around 35-40 °C, the estimated mass indicated dimeric state in solution. Furthermore, the observed association was found to be reversible to certain extent. Using SAXS profile representing dimer and crystal structure of monomer, we solved models of CD4 dimers which were dominated by D4-D4 interactions and appeared "wobbling" about the crystal structure of dimeric CD4, convincing pre-existence of crystal-like association in solution. To break the dimerization, we theoretically screened for small molecules binding to dimeric interface of D4 domain. Additionally, as negative control or not expecting to interfere, we searched molecules preferentially docking on the apex of D1 domain. VTSAXS experiments of CD4 + molecules at ∼1:3 molar ratio showed that as expected few D4 reactive hits could retard dimerization, yet surprisingly molecules which docked at D1 domain could also derail dimerization. Additional analysis led to conclusion that there lies a systematic communication network across the structural length of sCD4 which senses binding to self and other molecules, and our work can be used to develop new (or re-purpose known) molecules as CD4-reactive immunosuppressive agents.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Dhiman
- Protein Science and Engineering, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Samir Kumar Nath
- Protein Science and Engineering, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashish
- Protein Science and Engineering, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Antioxidant and Wound Healing Property of Gelsolin in 3T3-L1 Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4045365. [PMID: 32104532 PMCID: PMC7038438 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4045365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Delineation of factors which affect wound healing would be of immense value to enable on-time or early healing and reduce comorbidities associated with infections or biochemical stress like diabetes. Plasma gelsolin has been identified earlier to significantly enable injury recovery compared to placebo. This study evaluates the role of rhuGSN for its antioxidant and wound healing properties in murine fibroblasts (3T3-L1 cell line). Total antioxidant capacity of rhuGSN increased in a concentration-dependent manner (0.75-200 μg/mL). Cells pretreated with 0.375 and 0.75 μg/mL rhuGSN for 24 h exhibited a significant increase in viability in a MTT assay. Preincubation of cells with rhuGSN for 24 h followed by oxidative stress induced by exposure to H2O2 for 3 h showed cytoprotective effect. rhuGSN at 12.5 and 25 μg/mL concentration showed an enhanced cell migration after 20 h of injury in a scratch wound healing assay. The proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 levels were elevated in the culture supernatant. These results establish an effective role of rhuGSN against oxidative stress induced by H2O2 and in wound healing of 3T3-L1 fibroblast cells.
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12
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The structure of N184K amyloidogenic variant of gelsolin highlights the role of the H-bond network for protein stability and aggregation properties. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2019; 49:11-19. [PMID: 31724080 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-019-01409-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the gelsolin protein are responsible for a rare conformational disease known as AGel amyloidosis. Four of these mutations are hosted by the second domain of the protein (G2): D187N/Y, G167R and N184K. The impact of the latter has been so far evaluated only by studies on the isolated G2. Here we report the characterization of full-length gelsolin carrying the N184K mutation and compare the findings with those obtained on the wild type and the other variants. The crystallographic structure of the N184K variant in the Ca2+-free conformation shows remarkable similarities with the wild type protein. Only minimal local rearrangements can be observed and the mutant is as efficient as the wild type in severing filamentous actin. However, the thermal stability of the pathological variant is compromised in the Ca2+-free conditions. These data suggest that the N to K substitution causes a local disruption of the H-bond network in the core of the G2 domain. Such a subtle rearrangement of the connections does not lead to significant conformational changes but severely affects the stability of the protein.
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Abstract
Gelsolin (GSN), one of the most abundant actin-binding proteins, is involved in cell motility, shape and metabolism. As a member of the GSN superfamily, GSN is a highly structured protein in eukaryotic cells that can be regulated by calcium concentration, intracellular pH, temperature and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate. GSN plays an important role in cellular mechanisms as well as in different cellular interactions. Because of its participation in immunologic processes and its interaction with different cells of the immune system, GSN is a potential candidate for various therapeutic applications. In this review, we summarise the structure of GSN as well as its regulating and functional roles, focusing on distinct diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. A short overview of GSN as a therapeutic target in today's medicine is also provided.
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14
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Bonsai Gelsolin Survives Heat Induced Denaturation by Forming β-Amyloids which Leach Out Functional Monomer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12602. [PMID: 30135452 PMCID: PMC6105678 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30951-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report that minimal functional gelsolin i.e. fragment 28–161 can display F-actin depolymerizing property even after heating the protein to 80 °C. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data analysis confirmed that under Ca2+-free conditions, 28–161 associates into monomer to dimer and tetramer, which later forms β-amyloids, but in presence of Ca2+, it forms dimers which proceed to non-characterizable aggregates. The dimeric association also explained the observed decrease in ellipticity in circular dichroism experiments with increase in temperature. Importantly, SAXS data based models correlated well with our crystal structure of dimeric state of 28–161. Characterization of higher order association by electron microscopy, Congo red and ThioflavinT staining assays further confirmed that only in absence of Ca2+ ions, heating transforms 28–161 into β-amyloids. Gel filtration and other experiments showed that β-amyloids keep leaching out the monomer, and the release rates could be enhanced by addition of L-Arg to the amyloids. F-actin depolymerization showed that addition of Ca2+ ions to released monomer initiated the depolymerization activity. Overall, we propose a way to compose a supramolecular assembly which releases functional protein in sustained manner which can be applied for varied potentially therapeutic interventions.
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