1
|
Wyckhuys KAG, Gu B, Ben Fekih I, Finger R, Kenis M, Lu Y, Subramanian S, Tang FHM, Weber DC, Zhang W, Hadi BAR. Restoring functional integrity of the global production ecosystem through biological control. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 370:122446. [PMID: 39270336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Human society is anchored in the global agroecosystem. For millennia, this system has provided humans with copious supplies of nutrient-rich food. Yet, through chemical intensification and simplification, vast shares of present-day farmland derive insufficient benefits from biodiversity and prove highly vulnerable to biotic stressors. Here, we argue that on-farm action centered on biological control can effectively defuse pest risk by bolstering foundational ecosystem services. By harnessing plant, animal and microbial biodiversity, biological control offers safe, efficacious and economically-sound plant health solutions and coevolved options for invasive species mitigation. In recent years, its scientific foundation has been fortified and solutions have been refined for myriad ecologically brittle systems. Yet, for biological control to be mainstreamed, it needs to be rebooted, intertwined with (on- and off-farm) agroecological tactics and refurbished - from research, policy and regulation, public-private partnerships up to modes of implementation. Misaligned incentives (for chemical pesticides) and adoption barriers further need to be removed, while its scientific underpinnings should become more interdisciplinary, policy-relevant, solution-oriented and linked with market demand. Thus, biological control could ensure human wellbeing in a nature-friendly manner and retain farmland ecological functioning under global change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kris A G Wyckhuys
- Chrysalis Consulting, Danang, Viet Nam; Institute for Plant Protection, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Australia; Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Rome, Italy.
| | - Baogen Gu
- Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Yanhui Lu
- Institute for Plant Protection, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Sevgan Subramanian
- International Center for Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Donald C Weber
- USDA-ARS Invasive Insect Biocontrol & Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI-CGIAR), Washington DC, USA
| | - Buyung A R Hadi
- Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Rome, Italy; International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guo L, Niu L, Zhu X, Wang L, Zhang K, Li D, Elumalai P, Gao X, Ji J, Cui J, Luo J. Moderate nitrogen application facilitates Bt cotton growth and suppresses population expansion of aphids ( Aphis gossypii) by altering plant physiological characteristics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1328759. [PMID: 38510447 PMCID: PMC10950987 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1328759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer in cotton field causes soil and water pollution as well as significant increase of aphid population. Reasonable fertilization is an important approach to improve agricultural production efficiency and reduce agriculture-derived pollutions. This study was aimed to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the Bt cotton physiological characteristics and the growth and development of A. gossypii, a sap-sucking cotton pest. Methods Five different levels of Ca(NO3)2 (0.0 g/kg, 0.3 g/kg, 0.9 g/kg, 2.7 g/kg and 8.1 g/kg) were applied into vermiculite as nitrogen fertilizer in order to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and development of Bt cotton and aphids. Results The results showed that the medium level of nitrogen fertilizer (0.9 g/kg) effectively facilitated the growth of Bt cotton plant and suppressed the population expansion of aphids, whereas high and extremely high nitrogen application (2.7 and 8.1 g/kg) significantly increased the population size of aphids. Both high and low nitrogen application benefited aphid growth in multiple aspects such as prolonging nymph period and adult lifespan, enhancing fecundity, and improving adult survival rate by elevating soluble sugar content in host Bt cotton plants. Cotton leaf Bt toxin content in medium nitrogen group (0.9 g/kg) was significantly higher than that in high (2.7 and 8.1 g/kg) and low (0.3 g/kg) nitrogen groups, but Bt toxin content in aphids was very low in all the nitrogen treatment groups, suggesting that medium level (0.9 g/kg) might be the optimal nitrogen fertilizer treatment level for promoting cotton seedling growth and inhibiting aphids. Discussion Overall, this study provides insight into trophic interaction among nitrogen fertilizer levels, Bt cotton, and cotton aphid, and reveals the multiple effects of nitrogen fertilizer levels on growth and development of cotton and aphids. Our findings will contribute to the optimization of the integrated management of Bt cotton and cotton aphids under nitrogen fertilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Guo
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Niu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Xiangzhen Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Li Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Dongyang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Punniyakotti Elumalai
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Xueke Gao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Jichao Ji
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Jinjie Cui
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Junyu Luo
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Roy D, Biswas A, Sarkar S, Chakraborty G, Gaber A, Kobeasy MI, Hossain A. Evaluation and characterization of indigenous rice ( Oryza sativa L.) landraces resistant to brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (St ål.) biotype 4. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14360. [PMID: 36353600 PMCID: PMC9639428 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation and identification of resistant donors for brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens (Stål.), an economically important insect pest of rice, is a continuous process to develop new resistant rice varieties. However, several rice landraces of north-eastern India are not yet characterized for BPH resistance. In the present study, a set of 218 rice landraces were screened in both greenhouse and open-field conditions for three consecutive years, and thereafter forty selected promising entries were explored to evaluate their phenotypic and genotypic reactions against BPH biotype 4. Based on phenotypic evaluations, five landraces were identified as resistant, while 31 were moderately resistant, and grouped under the major cluster I and II, respectively, in a circular dendrogram. Antixenosis and antibiosis studies of these landraces divulged that, compared to the susceptible check variety, resistant landraces exhibited the lowest feeding rate, survival, and nymphal and adult settling, but higher frequency of unhatched eggs of BPH. Un-infested resistant landraces registered higher levels of ascorbic acid, oxalic acid and crude silica, however, elevated levels of total free amino acid, potassium and crude silica were observed under BPH herbivory. The present study focuses on identifying new donors having BPH resistance resources which could be useful in genomic studies for the development of BPH biotype 4 resistant rice varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Roy
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal, India
- Plant Protection, Dhaanya Ganga Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Murshidabad, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhisek Biswas
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DiSAA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sukamal Sarkar
- School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Narendrapur, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Gautam Chakraborty
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Ahmed Gaber
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed I. Kobeasy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akbar Hossain
- Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Dinajpur, Rangpur, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tan HQ, Palyam S, Gouda J, Kumar PP, Chellian SK. Identification of two QTLs, BPH41 and BPH42, and their respective gene candidates for brown planthopper resistance in rice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18538. [PMID: 36323756 PMCID: PMC9630283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21973-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The brown planthopper (BPH) is the leading cause of insect damage to rice plants and BPH infestations have caused profound losses in rice production since the 1970's. There is an urgent need to discover new BPH resistance genes to ensure the successful production of rice. Here, a new BPH resistance source provided by SeedWorks International Pvt. Ltd., SWD10, was used for this purpose. QTL mapping using 232 F2 progenies and 216 polymorphic markers revealed two dominant BPH resistance QTLs, BPH41 and BPH42, located on chromosome 4. BPH resistance mechanism test revealed that antibiosis and antixenosis mechanisms both play a role in BPH resistance conferred by these two QTLs. The QTLs were delimited between markers SWRm_01617 and SWRm_01522 for BPH41, and SWRm_01695 and SWRm_00328 for BPH42. Additionally, using RNA-seq data of lines containing the resistant QTLs, we shortlisted four and three gene candidates for BPH41 and BPH42, respectively. Differential gene expression analysis of lines containing the QTLs suggested that SWD10 BPH resistance is contributed by the plant's innate immunity and the candidate genes may be part of the rice innate immunity pathway. Currently, the newly identified QTLs are being utilized for breeding BPH resistant rice varieties and hybrids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Qi Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Straits Biotech Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Prakash P Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang S, Bao Y, Zheng X, Zeng J. Effect of the Asian monsoon on the northward migration of the brown planthopper to northern South China. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shi‐Jun Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Yun‐Xuan Bao
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Xin‐Fei Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Juan Zeng
- National Agro‐Tech Extension and Service Center Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gäde G, Marco HG. The Adipokinetic Peptides of Hemiptera: Structure, Function, and Evolutionary Trends. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 2:891615. [PMID: 38468778 PMCID: PMC10926376 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2022.891615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The Hemiptera comprise the most species-rich order of the hemimetabolous insects. Members of a number of superfamilies, most notably especially the more basal ones such as white flies, psyllids and aphids, belong to the most destructive agricultural insects known worldwide. At the other end of the phylogenetic tree are hemipterans that are notorious medical pests (e.g. kissing bugs). Most of the hemipteran species are good flyers, and lipid oxidation plays a pivotal role to power the contraction of flight muscles and, in aquatic water bugs, also deliver the ATP for the extensive swimming action of the leg muscles. Mobilization of stored lipids (mostly triacylglycerols in the fat body) to circulating diacylglycerols in the hemolymph is regulated by a set of small neuropeptides, the adipokinetic hormones (AKHs). We searched the literature and publicly available databases of transcriptomes and genomes to present here AKH sequences from 191 hemipteran species. Only few of these peptides were sequenced via Edman degradation or mass spectrometry, and even fewer were characterized with molecular biology methods; thus, the majority of the AKHs we have identified by bioinformatics are merely predicted sequences at this stage. Nonetheless, a total of 42 AKH primary sequences are assigned to Hemiptera. About 50% of these structures occur also in other insect orders, while the remaining 50% are currently unique for Hemiptera. We find 9 novel AKHs not shown to be synthesized before in any insect. Most of the hemipteran AKHs are octapeptides (28) but there is an impressive number of decapeptides (12) compared to other speciose orders such as Diptera and Lepidoptera. We attempt to construct a hypothetical molecular peptide evolution of hemipteran AKHs and find quite a bit of overlapping with current phylogenetic ideas of the Hemiptera. Lastly, we discuss the possibility to use the sequence of the aphid AKH as lead peptide for the research into a peptide mimetic fulfilling criteria of a green insecticide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Gäde
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gupta A, Sinha DK, Nair S. Shifts in Pseudomonas species diversity influence adaptation of brown planthopper to changing climates and geographical locations. iScience 2022; 25:104550. [PMID: 35754716 PMCID: PMC9218508 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The brown planthopper (BPH) is a monophagous sap-sucking pest of rice that causes immense yield loss. The rapid build-up of pesticide resistance combined with the ability of BPH populations to quickly overcome host plant resistance has rendered conventional control strategies ineffective. One of the likely ways in which BPH adapts to novel environments is by undergoing rapid shifts in its microbiome composition. To elucidate the rapid adaptation to novel environments and the contributions of Pseudomonas toward insect survival, we performed Pseudomonas-specific 16S rRNA gut-microbiome profiling of BPH populations. Results revealed the differential occurrence of Pseudomonas species in BPH populations with changing climates and geographical locations. Further, the observed variation in Pseudomonas species composition and abundance correlated with BPH survivability. Collectively, this study, while adding to our current understanding of symbiont-mediated insect adaptation, also demonstrated a complex interplay between insect physiology and microbiome dynamics, which likely confers BPH its rapid adaptive capacity. BPH, a major pest of rice, undergoes seasonal shifts in its microbiome composition Pseudomonas sp. in BPH microbiome varied with seasons and geographical locations Pseudomonas sp. composition and abundance correlated with BPH survivability Environment-guided microbial shifts drive rapid stress adaptations in BPH
Collapse
|
8
|
Lin SC, Li Y, Hu FY, Wang CL, Kuang YH, Sung CL, Tsai SF, Yang ZW, Li CP, Huang SH, Liao CT, Hechanova SL, Jena KK, Chuang WP. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the resistance of rice near-isogenic lines with BPH resistance genes. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2022; 63:16. [PMID: 35604579 PMCID: PMC9127031 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-022-00347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. Crops with a high nitrogen input usually have high yields. However, outbreaks of brown planthoppers (Nilaparvata lugens; BPH) frequently occur on rice farms with excessive nitrogen inputs. Rice plants carrying BPH resistance genes are used for integrated pest management. Thus, the impact of nitrogen on the resistance of rice near-isogenic lines (NILs) with BPH resistance genes was investigated. RESULTS We tested these NILs using a standard seedbox screening test and a modified bulk seedling test under different nitrogen treatments. The amount of nitrogen applied had an impact on the resistance of some lines with BPH resistance genes. In addition, three NILs (NIL-BPH9, NIL-BPH17, and NIL-BPH32) were further examined for antibiosis and antixenosis under varying nitrogen regimes. The N. lugens nymph population growth rate, honeydew excretion, female fecundity, and nymph survival rate on the three NILs were not affected by different nitrogen treatments except the nymph survival rate on NIL-BPH9 and the nymph population growth rate on NIL-BPH17. Furthermore, in the settlement preference test, the preference of N. lugens nymphs for IR24 over NIL-BPH9 or NIL-BPH17 increased under the high-nitrogen regime, whereas the preference of N. lugens nymphs for IR24 over NIL-BPH32 was not affected by the nitrogen treatments. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that the resistance of three tested NILs did not respond to different nitrogen regimes and that NIL-BPH17 exerted the most substantial inhibitory effect on N. lugens growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shau-Ching Lin
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Hu
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lu Wang
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hung Kuang
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Lin Sung
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Fu Tsai
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Wei Yang
- Crop Improvement Division, Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, 32745, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Charng-Pei Li
- Crop Science Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taichung City, 413008, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Horng Huang
- Department of Plant Protection, Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Chiayi, 60044, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ta Liao
- Crop Environment Division, Taichung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, Changhua County, 51544, Taiwan
| | - Sherry Lou Hechanova
- Novel Gene Resources Laboratory, Strategic Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Kshirod K Jena
- Novel Gene Resources Laboratory, Strategic Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Wen-Po Chuang
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Badenes-Pérez FR. Plant-Insect Interactions. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11091140. [PMID: 35567140 PMCID: PMC9104044 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
10
|
Mason CJ, Ray S, Davidson-Lowe E, Ali J, Luthe DS, Felton G. Plant Nutrition Influences Resistant Maize Defense Responses to the Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.844274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are often confronted by different groups of herbivores, which threaten their growth and reproduction. However, they are capable of mounting defenses against would-be attackers which may be heightened upon attack. Resistance to insects often varies among plant species, with different genotypes exhibiting unique patterns of chemical and physical defenses. Within this framework, plant access to nutrients may be critical for maximal functioning of resistance mechanisms and are likely to differ among plant genotypes. In this study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that access to nutrition would alter the expression of plant resistance to insects and alter insect performance in a manner consistent with fertilization regime. We used two maize (Zea mays) genotypes possessing different levels of resistance and the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) as model systems. Plants were subjected to three fertilization regimes prior to assessing insect-mediated responses. Upon reaching V4 stage, maize plants were separated into two groups, one of which was infested with fall armyworm larvae to induce plant defenses. Plant tissue was collected and used in insect bioassays and to measure the expression of defense-related genes and proteins. Insect performance differed between the two plant genotypes substantially. For each genotype, fertilization altered larval performance, where lower fertilization rates hindered larval growth. Induction of plant defenses by prior herbivory substantially reduced naïve fall armyworm growth in both genotypes. The effects between fertilization and induced defenses were complex, with low fertilization reducing induced defenses in the resistant maize. Gene and protein expression patterns differed between the genotypes, with herbivory often increasing expression, but differing between fertilization levels. The soluble protein concentrations did not change across fertilization levels but was higher in the susceptible maize genotype. These results demonstrate the malleability of plant defenses and the cascading effects of plant nutrition on insect herbivory.
Collapse
|
11
|
Horgan FG, de Freitas TFS, Crisol-Martínez E, Mundaca EA, Bernal CC. Nitrogenous Fertilizer Reduces Resistance but Enhances Tolerance to the Brown Planthopper in Fast-Growing, Moderately Resistant Rice. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12110989. [PMID: 34821791 PMCID: PMC8621593 DOI: 10.3390/insects12110989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), is a key challenge to rice production in Asia. Outbreaks of planthoppers are associated with excessive fertilizer applications; consequently, we examined planthopper interactions with susceptible, tolerant and resistant varieties of rice under varying levels of soil nitrogen in a greenhouse experiment. We compared planthopper fitness (survival × reproduction) and plant tolerance (functional plant loss index) for 16 varieties at 0, 80 and 150 Kg added nitrogen ha-1. The planthoppers grew larger, developed more quickly and laid more eggs on susceptible varieties, compared with the resistant and tolerant varieties. Moreover, soil nitrogen generally increased planthopper fitness on resistant varieties, but relative resistance was maintained. Functional plant loss was highest among the susceptible varieties, but weight and growth rate reductions per mg of planthopper were often highest in the tolerant varieties. Tolerance was associated with large, fast-growing plants, with at least moderate resistance to the planthopper. Susceptibility was associated with a small size and/or an absence of resistance genes. Our results suggested that early-tillering rice plants can be both resistant and tolerant to the brown planthopper, but cannot be both susceptible and tolerant of planthoppers at high densities. This indicates that at least moderate resistance is required for tolerance against this herbivore. Furthermore, although dwarf varieties had a low tolerance of planthoppers, they could express resistance through functioning resistance genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Finbarr G. Horgan
- EcoLaVerna Integral Restoration Ecology, Bridestown, Kildinan, T56 P499 Cork, Ireland;
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Casilla 7-D, Curicó 3349001, Chile;
- Correspondence:
| | - Thais Fernanda S. de Freitas
- Plant Protection Department, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui 97650-000, RS, Brazil;
- International Rice Research Institute, Makati 1226, Manila, Philippines;
| | - Eduardo Crisol-Martínez
- EcoLaVerna Integral Restoration Ecology, Bridestown, Kildinan, T56 P499 Cork, Ireland;
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Casilla 7-D, Curicó 3349001, Chile;
- International Rice Research Institute, Makati 1226, Manila, Philippines;
- Association of Fruit and Vegetable Growers of Almeria (COEXPHAL), Carretera de Ronda 11, 04004 Almeria, Spain
| | - Enrique A. Mundaca
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Casilla 7-D, Curicó 3349001, Chile;
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wen J, Ueno T. Predator cue-induced plasticity of morphology and behavior in planthoppers facilitate the survival from predation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16760. [PMID: 34408199 PMCID: PMC8373946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Predators can induce phenotypic plasticity in prey through selection driven by predation risk. However, defense plasticity is rarely reported in insects, let alone trans-generational plasticity, meaning the mechanisms underlying plasticity, how it impacts ecosystem evolution and how it might be exploited in pest control are poorly understood. Here we examine the morphological plasticity of small brown planthoppers (SBPHs), Laodelphax striatellus, elicited by caged predators, Paederus fuscipes in the parent or F1 generation and reveal the risk cues mediating these effects. We also uncover the survival outcomes in SBPHs with predator-induced defensive morphological traits by examining their survival probability and behavioral plasticity. Results showed that caged predators or predator odor cue gave rise to a higher proportion of long-winged, female SBPHs in the parent and F1 generations, but the proportion of males and their wing length were unaffected. The visual cue from predators elicited weaker effects. Surprisingly, we discovered these long-winged forms suffered a lower predation rate when attacked by P. fuscipes, owing to an enhanced agility level. Our results suggest the within- and trans-generational plasticity of induced defenses may cause profound effects on SBPH population dynamics and prey-predator interaction. Understanding this interaction and its underlying mechanisms illuminates important aspects of ecosystem evolution and helps predict pest dispersal or migration, which in turn may be exploited for pest control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wen
- Institute of Biological Control, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819- 0395, Japan.
| | - Takatoshi Ueno
- Institute of Biological Control, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819- 0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ali MP, Rahman MS, Nowrin F, Haque SS, Qin X, Haque MA, Uddin MM, Landis DA, Howlader MTH. Salinity Influences Plant-Pest-Predator Tritrophic Interactions. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:1470-1479. [PMID: 34231849 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Climate change-induced salinity intrusion into agricultural soils is known to negatively impact crop production and food security. However, the effects of salinity increase on plant-herbivore-natural enemy systems and repercussions for pest suppression services are largely unknown. Here, we examine the effects of increased salinity on communities of rice (Oryza sativa), brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, and green mirid bug (GMB), Cyrtorhinus lividipennis, under greenhouse conditions. We found that elevated salinity significantly suppressed the growth of two rice cultivars. Meanwhile, BPH population size also generally decreased due to poor host plant quality induced by elevated salinity. The highest BPH density occurred at 2.0 dS/m salinity and declined thereafter with increasing salinity, irrespective of rice cultivar. The highest population density of GMB also occurred under control conditions and decreased significantly with increasing salinity. Higher salinity directly affected the rice crop by reducing plant quality measured with reference to biomass production and plant height, whereas inducing population developmental asynchrony between BPH and GMB observed at 2 dS/m salinity and potentially uncoupling prey-predator dynamics. Our results suggest that increased salinity has harmful effects on plants, herbivores, natural enemies, as well as plant-pest-predator interactions. The effects measured here suggest that the bottom-up effects of predatory insects on rice pests will likely decline in rice produced in coastal areas where salinity intrusion is common. Our findings indicate that elevated salinity influences tritrophic interactions in rice production landscapes, and further research should address resilient rice insect pest management combining multipests and predators in a changing environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M P Ali
- Entomology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh
| | - M S Rahman
- Entomology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Nowrin
- Entomology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh
| | - S S Haque
- Entomology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh
| | - Xinghu Qin
- School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - M A Haque
- Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - M M Uddin
- Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Douglas A Landis
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - M T H Howlader
- Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ye YX, Zhang HH, Li DT, Zhuo JC, Shen Y, Hu QL, Zhang CX. Chromosome-level assembly of the brown planthopper genome with a characterized Y chromosome. Mol Ecol Resour 2021; 21:1287-1298. [PMID: 33460519 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hundreds of insect genome sequences have been reported; however, most sequencing projects have not determined the sex chromosomes, and no Y chromosomes from a heterometabolous insect have been identified and characterized to date. The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) is the most economically damaging pest to rice and is also an ideal research subject for paddy ecology and functional genomics. We previously assembled a draft female genome mainly using second-generation sequencing technologies, with a contig N50 of only 24 kb, due to the large size and excessive repetitive regions in the N. lugens genome. Here, we utilize third-generation sequencing technologies and Hi-C data to generate a high-quality male N. lugens assembly with a contig N50 of 1.01 Mb, a scaffold N50 of 69.96 Mb and more than 95.6% of the assembled bases located on 16 chromosomes. Fourteen autosomes and two sex chromosomes (X + Y) were identified, filling in the gap related to the Y chromosome in heterometabolous insects. A total of 18,021 protein-coding genes and 6423 long-noncoding RNAs were predicted with full-length cDNA sequencing data. All 315 of the Y chromosome genes (Y-genes) were derived from autosomal and X-chromosome duplications. Large-scale RNA interference (RNAi) experiments were conducted against the N. lugens Y-genes, demonstrating that 7 Y-genes were essential for normal BPH development or male organ development, suggesting the importance of Y-genes. The first identified Y chromosome in heterometabolous insects will help gain more insight into sex determination, fertility and chromosome evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xuan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hou-Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Chong Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Ling Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Horgan FG, Crisol Martínez E, Stuart AM, Bernal CC, de Cima Martín E, Almazan MLP, Ramal AF. Effects of Vegetation Strips, Fertilizer Levels and Varietal Resistance on the Integrated Management of Arthropod Biodiversity in a Tropical Rice Ecosystem. INSECTS 2019; 10:E328. [PMID: 31581452 PMCID: PMC6835743 DOI: 10.3390/insects10100328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Integrated biodiversity management aims to conserve the beneficial species components of production ecosystems and reduce the impacts of pests. In 2011 and 2013, experiments were conducted at Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines, to compare arthropod communities in rice plots and on levees with and without vegetation strips. Vegetation strips included spontaneous weeds, sesame and okra (2011), or mung bean (2013). The plots were treated with one of three nitrogen levels and in one experiment were planted with planthopper-resistant (IR62) and susceptible (IR64) rice varieties. Parasitoids and predators of lepidopteran pests and of the ricebug, Leptocorisa oratorius, were more abundant in high-nitrogen rice plots where their prey/hosts also had highest densities. Planthoppers and leafhoppers were more abundant in low-nitrogen plots. Weedy and sesame/okra bunds provided habitat for a range of natural enemies including spiders, parasitoids and predatory bugs, but did not have higher pest numbers than cleared bunds. Higher abundances of the predator Cythorhinus lividipennis and higher parasitism of planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) eggs by Anagrus sp. were associated with sesame/okra bunds in late season rice plots. Mung bean also provided habitat for key predators and parasitoids that spilled over to adjacent rice; however, mung bean was also associated with higher numbers of lepidopteran and grain-sucking pests in the adjacent rice, albeit without increased damage to the rice. For ricebug in particular, damage was probably reduced by higher parasitoid:pest ratios adjacent to the vegetation strips. Varietal resistance and mung bean strips had an additive effect in reducing abundance of the planthopper Sogatella furcifera and the leafhopper Nephotettix virescens. Reduced numbers of these latter pests close to vegetation strips were often compensated for by other plant-sucking bugs, thereby increasing the intensity of potentially stabilizing interspecific interactions such as competition. We highlight the benefits of diversifying rice landscapes and the need to optimize vegetation strips, e.g., by including lepidopteran trap-plants, for intensive rice production systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Finbarr G Horgan
- EcoLaVerna Integral Restoration Ecology, Bridestown, Kildinan, T56CD39, Co. Cork, Ireland.
| | - Eduardo Crisol Martínez
- EcoLaVerna Integral Restoration Ecology, Bridestown, Kildinan, T56CD39, Co. Cork, Ireland.
- COEXPHAL (Association of Vegetable and Fruit Growers of Almeria), C\Esteban Murillo, 3, 04746 La Mojonera, Almeria, Spain.
| | - Alexander M Stuart
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines.
| | - Carmencita C Bernal
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines.
| | - Elena de Cima Martín
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines.
| | | | - Angelee Fame Ramal
- School of Environmental Science and Management, University of the Philippines, 4030 Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mahender A, Ali J, Prahalada GD, Sevilla MAL, Balachiranjeevi CH, Md J, Maqsood U, Li Z. Genetic dissection of developmental responses of agro-morphological traits under different doses of nutrient fertilizers using high-density SNP markers. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220066. [PMID: 31335882 PMCID: PMC6650078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The production and productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) are primarily influenced by the application of the critical nutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). However, excessive application of these fertilizers is detrimental to the environment and increases the cost of production. Hence, there is a need to develop varieties that simultaneously increase yields under both optimal and suboptimal rates of fertilizer application by maximizing nutrient use efficiency (NuUE). To unravel the hidden genetic variation and understand the molecular and physiological mechanisms of NuUE, three different mapping populations (MPs; BC1F5) derived from three donors (Haoannong, Cheng-Hui 448, and Zhong 413) and recipient Weed Tolerant Rice 1 were developed. A total of three favorable agronomic traits (FATs) were considered as the measure of NuUE. Analysis of variance and descriptive statistics indicated the existence of genetic variation for NuUE and quantitative inheritance of FATs. The genotypic data from single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from Tunable Genotyping-By-Sequencing (tGBS) and phenotypic values were used for locating the genomic regions conferring NuUE. A total of 19 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected, out of which 11 QTLs were putative on eight chromosomes, which individually explained 17.02% to 34.85% of the phenotypic variation. Notably, qLC-II_1 and qLC-II_11 detected at zero fertilizer application showed higher performance for LC under zero percentage of NPK fertilizer. The remarkable findings of the present study are that the detected QTLs were associated in building tolerance to low/no nutrient application and six candidate genes on chromosomes 2 and 5 within these putative QTLs were found associated with low nutrient tolerance and related to several physiological and metabolic pathways involved in abiotic stress tolerance. The identified superior introgressed lines (ILs) and trait-associated genetic regions can be effectively used in marker-assisted selection (MAS) for NuUE breeding programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anumalla Mahender
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jauhar Ali
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Manila, Philippines
- * E-mail:
| | - G. D. Prahalada
- Strategic Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Manila, Philippines
| | - Ma. Anna Lynn Sevilla
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Manila, Philippines
| | - C. H. Balachiranjeevi
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jamaloddin Md
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Manila, Philippines
| | - Umer Maqsood
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Pakistan
| | - Zhikang Li
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Smith S, Bandyopadhyay T. Opening the dialogue: Research networks between high- and low-income countries further understanding of global agro-climatic challenges. PLANTS, PEOPLE, PLANET 2019; 1:98-101. [PMID: 34853823 PMCID: PMC8607466 DOI: 10.1002/ppp3.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Societal Impact Statement In the modern world it has become increasingly urgent to balance human food security needs with environmental needs. These needs are not necessarily mutually exclusive, and can be synergistic. The Cambridge-India Network for Translational Research in Nitrogen (CINTRIN) seeks to reduce nitrogen fertilizer overapplication (and the resulting environmental pollution) in Indian agriculture: a situation with various scientific and sociopolitical drivers, which equally have various sociopolitical and scientific solutions. By listening to the needs of local farmers and applying the knowledge and resources of global plant science research, achieving higher crop yields with less nitrogen is an achievable prospect for India.
Collapse
|