1
|
Yoon S, Fuwad A, Jeong S, Cho H, Jeon TJ, Kim SM. Surface Deformation of Biocompatible Materials: Recent Advances in Biological Applications. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:395. [PMID: 39056836 PMCID: PMC11274418 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9070395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The surface topography of substrates is a crucial factor that determines the interaction with biological materials in bioengineering research. Therefore, it is important to appropriately modify the surface topography according to the research purpose. Surface topography can be fabricated in various forms, such as wrinkles, creases, and ridges using surface deformation techniques, which can contribute to the performance enhancement of cell chips, organ chips, and biosensors. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the characteristics of soft, hard, and hybrid substrates used in the bioengineering field and the surface deformation techniques applied to the substrates. Furthermore, this review summarizes the cases of cell-based research and other applications, such as biosensor research, that utilize surface deformation techniques. In cell-based research, various studies have reported optimized cell behavior and differentiation through surface deformation, while, in the biosensor and biofilm fields, performance improvement cases due to surface deformation have been reported. Through these studies, we confirm the contribution of surface deformation techniques to the advancement of the bioengineering field. In the future, it is expected that the application of surface deformation techniques to the real-time interaction analysis between biological materials and dynamically deformable substrates will increase the utilization and importance of these techniques in various fields, including cell research and biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunhee Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.); (H.C.)
- Industry-Academia Interactive R&E Center for Bioprocess Innovation (BK21), Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed Fuwad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (A.F.); (S.J.)
| | - Seorin Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (A.F.); (S.J.)
| | - Hyeran Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.); (H.C.)
| | - Tae-Joon Jeon
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.); (H.C.)
- Industry-Academia Interactive R&E Center for Bioprocess Innovation (BK21), Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Biohybrid Systems Research Center, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Min Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.); (H.C.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (A.F.); (S.J.)
- Biohybrid Systems Research Center, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yao J, Zang W, Wang Y, Yu B, Jiang Y, Ning N, Tian M. Largely Enhanced Service Life and Energy Harvesting Stability of Dielectric Elastomer Generator by Designing and Optimizing Compliance of Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:11595-11604. [PMID: 38381554 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Dielectric elastomer generator (DEG), which consists of a dielectric elastomer (DE) film sandwiched between two flexible electrodes (FEs), has the advantages of lightweight, high energy density, and high energy conversion efficiency, providing a simple and feasible solution for harvesting energy from human motion or nature. As crucial constituents of DEG, FEs are expected to possess excellent conductivity and compliance. Nevertheless, there is currently no quantitative characterization method for FE compliance. In addition, the impact mechanism of FE compliance on the energy harvesting performance and fatigue life of the DEG remains unclear. In this study, the dynamic mechanical property (DMP) was used to assess the compliance of FEs, and the quantitative characterization method of FE compliance was proposed. A series of silicone rubber electrodes (SREs) with different DMPs and compliance were designed and prepared, and the impact mechanism of FE compliance on the energy harvesting stability and fatigue life of the DEG was investigated. The results indicate that the key to achieving excellent FE compliance lies in reducing the difference in the magnitude of the complex modulus and phase angle between the FEs and DE, which can significantly reduce interfacial friction and extend the fatigue life of DEG. Benefiting from the enhanced FE compliance, the fatigue life and full-life energy density of the DEG device increase by 20.3 times and 26.4 times, respectively, compared with those of the commonly used carbon-based electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiashuai Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenpeng Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yingjie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Nanying Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ming Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liebscher H, Koenigsdorff M, Endesfelder A, Mersch J, Zimmermann M, Gerlach G. Understanding the Impact of Active-to-Passive Area Ratio on Deformation in One-Dimensional Dielectric Elastomer Actuators with Uniaxial Strain State. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6897. [PMID: 37959496 PMCID: PMC10649271 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the use of novel elastomers with inherent or modified advanced dielectric and mechanical properties, as components of dielectric elastomer actuators (DEA). This requires corresponding techniques to assess their electro-mechanical performance. A common way to test dielectric materials is the fabrication of actuators with pre-stretch fixed by a stiff frame. This results in the problem that the electrode size has an influence on the achievable actuator displacement and strain, which is detrimental to the comparability of experiments. This paper presents an in-depth study of the active-to-passive ratio with the aim of investigating the influence of the coverage ratio on uniaxial actuator displacement and strain. To model the effect, a simple lumped-parameter model is proposed. The model shows that the coverage ratio for maximal displacement is 50%. To validate the model results, experiments are carried out. For this, a rectangular, fiber-reinforced DEA is used to assess the relation of the coverage ratio and deformation. Due to the stiffness of the fibers, highly anisotropic mechanical properties are achieved, leading to the uniaxial strain behavior of the actuator, which allows the validation of the one-dimensional model. To consider the influence of the simplifications in the lumped-parameter model, the results are compared to a hyperelastic model. In summary, it is shown that the ratio of the active-to-passive area has a significant influence on the actuator deformation. Both the model and experiments confirm that an active-to-passive ratio of 50% is particularly advantageous in most cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Liebscher
- Institute of Solid-State Electronics, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Mommsenstraße 15, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (H.L.); (M.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Markus Koenigsdorff
- Institute of Solid-State Electronics, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Mommsenstraße 15, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (H.L.); (M.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Anett Endesfelder
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, Winterbergstraße 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany; (A.E.); (M.Z.)
- Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtzstraße 7, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Mersch
- Institute of Solid-State Electronics, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Mommsenstraße 15, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (H.L.); (M.K.); (G.G.)
- Institute of Measurement Technology, Department of Mechatronics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Martina Zimmermann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, Winterbergstraße 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany; (A.E.); (M.Z.)
- Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtzstraße 7, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerald Gerlach
- Institute of Solid-State Electronics, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Mommsenstraße 15, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (H.L.); (M.K.); (G.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu P, Jin J, Li K. Controllable wrinkling in a prestretched dielectric elastomer sheet with striped electrodes. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:063001. [PMID: 34271621 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.063001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Controllable wrinkling of dielectric elastomer (DE) sheets is often applied to achieve some special applications such as diffraction gratings, optical sensors, soft actuators, and adjustable wetting surfaces. It is required to precisely predict and control the threshold voltage and wavelength of wrinkling. In view of the weakness of loss of tension criterion, a nonlinear plate theory considering the bending energy of DE sheet is utilized to investigate the wrinkling phenomenon in a prestretched DE sheet with striped electrodes. The results show that the threshold voltage of wrinkling is bigger than the corresponding voltage obtained from loss of tension, which results from the fact that the bending energy has a certain inhibiting effect on wrinkling of the DE sheet. Furthermore, the threshold voltage and wavelength of wrinkling can be effectively regulated by controlling prestretch. The striped electrodes can also effectively control the threshold voltage and wavelength. Especially, there exists an optimal width ratio of electrode corresponding to the lowest threshold voltage. The proposed method can be used to predict and control the behavior of wrinkling in the engineering applications of DE structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peibao Xu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Jielin Jin
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Won P, Kim KK, Kim H, Park JJ, Ha I, Shin J, Jung J, Cho H, Kwon J, Lee H, Ko SH. Transparent Soft Actuators/Sensors and Camouflage Skins for Imperceptible Soft Robotics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2002397. [PMID: 33089569 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The advent of soft robotics has led to great advancements in robots, wearables, and even manufacturing processes by employing entirely soft-bodied systems that interact safely with any random surfaces while providing great mechanical compliance. Moreover, recent developments in soft robotics involve advances in transparent soft actuators and sensors that have made it possible to construct robots that can function in a visually and mechanically unobstructed manner, assisting the operations of robots and creating more applications in various fields. In this aspect, imperceptible soft robotics that mainly consist of optically transparent imperceptible hardware components is expected to constitute a new research focus in the forthcoming era of soft robotics. Here, the recent progress regarding extended imperceptible soft robotics is provided, including imperceptible transparent soft robotics (transparent soft actuators/sensors) and imperceptible nontransparent camouflage skins. Their principles, materials selections, and working mechanisms are discussed so that key challenges and perspectives in imperceptible soft robotic systems can be explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Won
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyun Kyu Kim
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Kim
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jung Jae Park
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Inho Ha
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jaeho Shin
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jinwook Jung
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyunmin Cho
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jinhyeong Kwon
- Manufacturing System R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 89 Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myon, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31056, South Korea
| | - Habeom Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehag-ro, 63 Beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, South Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Institute of Advanced Machines and Design/Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Li Y, Li J, Liu L, Yan Y, Zhang Q, Zhang N, He L, Liu Y, Zhang X, Tian D, Leng J, Jiang L. Switchable Wettability and Adhesion of Micro/Nanostructured Elastomer Surface via Electric Field for Dynamic Liquid Droplet Manipulation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000772. [PMID: 32999834 PMCID: PMC7509640 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic control of liquid wetting behavior on smart surfaces has attracted considerable concern owing to their important applications in directional motion, confined wetting and selective separation. Despite much progress in this regard, there still remains challenges in dynamic liquid droplet manipulation with fast response, no loss and anti-contamination. Herein, a strategy to achieve dynamic droplet manipulation and transportation on the electric field adaptive superhydrophobic elastomer surface is demonstrated. The superhydrophobic elastomer surface is fabricated by combining the micro/nanostructured clusters of hydrophobic TiO2 nanoparticles with the elastomer film, on which the micro/nanostructure can be dynamically and reversibly tuned by electric field due to the electric field adaptive deformation of elastomer film. Accordingly, fast and reversible transition of wetting state between Cassie state and Wenzel state and tunable adhesion on the surface via electric field induced morphology transformation can be obtained. Moreover, the motion states of the surface droplets can be controlled dynamically and precisely, such as jumping and pinning, catching and releasing, and controllable liquid transfer without loss and contamination. Thus this work would open the avenue for dynamic liquid manipulation and transportation, and gear up the broad application prospects in liquid transfer, selective separation, anti-fog, anti-ice, microfluidics devices, etc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of ChemistryBeihang UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Jinrong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special EnvironmentsHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinHeilongjiang150080P. R. China
| | - Liwu Liu
- Department of Astronautical Science and MechanicsHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinHeilongjiang150001P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of ChemistryBeihang UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Qiuya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of ChemistryBeihang UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of ChemistryBeihang UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Linlin He
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of ChemistryBeihang UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Yanju Liu
- Department of Astronautical Science and MechanicsHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinHeilongjiang150001P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- School of Mathematics and PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083P. R. China
| | - Dongliang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of ChemistryBeihang UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Jinsong Leng
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special EnvironmentsHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinHeilongjiang150080P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of ChemistryBeihang UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
- Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100191P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tan Y, Hu B, Song J, Chu Z, Wu W. Bioinspired Multiscale Wrinkling Patterns on Curved Substrates: An Overview. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:101. [PMID: 34138101 PMCID: PMC7770713 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-00436-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The surface wrinkling of biological tissues is ubiquitous in nature. Accumulating evidence suggests that the mechanical force plays a significant role in shaping the biological morphologies. Controlled wrinkling has been demonstrated to be able to spontaneously form rich multiscale patterns, on either planar or curved surfaces. The surface wrinkling on planar substrates has been investigated thoroughly during the past decades. However, most wrinkling morphologies in nature are based on the curved biological surfaces and the research of controllable patterning on curved substrates still remains weak. The study of wrinkling on curved substrates is critical for understanding the biological growth, developing three-dimensional (3D) or four-dimensional (4D) fabrication techniques, and creating novel topographic patterns. In this review, fundamental wrinkling mechanics and recent advances in both fabrications and applications of the wrinkling patterns on curved substrates are summarized. The mechanics behind the wrinkles is compared between the planar and the curved cases. Beyond the film thickness, modulus ratio, and mismatch strain, the substrate curvature is one more significant parameter controlling the surface wrinkling. Curved substrates can be both solid and hollow with various 3D geometries across multiple length scales. Up to date, the wrinkling morphologies on solid/hollow core-shell spheres and cylinders have been simulated and selectively produced. Emerging applications of the curved topographic patterns have been found in smart wetting surfaces, cell culture interfaces, healthcare materials, and actuators, which may accelerate the development of artificial organs, stimuli-responsive devices, and micro/nano fabrications with higher dimensions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinlong Tan
- College of Liberal Arts and Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Biru Hu
- College of Liberal Arts and Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Song
- College of Liberal Arts and Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengyong Chu
- College of Liberal Arts and Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenjian Wu
- College of Liberal Arts and Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wei J, Li Y, Dai D, Zhang F, Zou H, Yang X, Ji Y, Li B, Wei X. Surface Roughness: A Crucial Factor To Robust Electric Double Layer Capacitors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:5786-5792. [PMID: 31971361 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) usually show high rate performance and long cycling spans but inferior specific capacitance, which are mainly created by restriction of the charge storage mechanism. To improve the capacitive performance, traditional methods include enlarging surface area, optimizing porous structures, and readjusting functional groups through heteroatom doping to electrode materials. Besides that, another promising approach is suggested, which is to enhance surface roughness of the electrode materials for ion storage and transport. To prove this view, two porous carbon materials were fabricated by activation-calcination methods, which allowed the materials to have identical surface area, porous structures, and surface composition but the surface roughness. Further electrochemical measurements exhibited that the optimal sample with higher roughness has remarkable specific capacitance (up to 562 F g-1), and the increment rate is more than 50% when compared with contrast sample (367 F g-1). Therefore, optimization of the surface roughness of electrode materials is another efficient route to make robust EDLCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jishi Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , P. R. China
| | - Yongbin Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Dai
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , P. R. China
| | - Fengtao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Hongli Zou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , P. R. China
| | - Yahui Ji
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , P. R. China
| | - Bao Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , P. R. China
| | - Xianjun Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hu X, Dou Y, Li J, Liu Z. Buckled Structures: Fabrication and Applications in Wearable Electronics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1804805. [PMID: 30740901 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Wearable electronics have attracted a tremendous amount of attention due to their many potential applications, such as personalized health monitoring, motion detection, and smart clothing, where electronic devices must conformably form contacts with curvilinear surfaces and undergo large deformations. Structural design and material selection have been the key factors for the development of wearable electronics in the recent decades. As one of the most widely used geometries, buckling structures endow high stretchability, high mechanical durability, and comfortable contact for human-machine interaction via wearable devices. In addition, buckling structures that are derived from natural biosurfaces have high potential for use in cost-effective and high-grade wearable electronics. This review provides fundamental insights into buckling fabrication and discusses recent advancements for practical applications of buckled electronics, such as interconnects, sensors, transistors, energy storage, and conversion devices. In addition to the incorporation of desired functions, the simple and consecutive manipulation and advanced structural design of the buckled structures are discussed, which are important for advancing the field of wearable electronics. The remaining challenges and future perspectives for buckled electronics are briefly discussed in the final section.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yuanyuan Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zunfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nguyen VH, Kim J, Tabassian R, Kotal M, Jun K, Oh J, Son J, Manzoor MT, Kim KJ, Oh I. Electroactive Artificial Muscles Based on Functionally Antagonistic Core-Shell Polymer Electrolyte Derived from PS- b-PSS Block Copolymer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801196. [PMID: 30886790 PMCID: PMC6402454 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Electroactive ionic soft actuators, a type of artificial muscles containing a polymer electrolyte membrane sandwiched between two electrodes, have been intensively investigated owing to their potential applications to bioinspired soft robotics, wearable electronics, and active biomedical devices. However, the design and synthesis of an efficient polymer electrolyte suitable for ion migration have been major challenges in developing high-performance ionic soft actuators. Herein, a highly bendable ionic soft actuator based on an unprecedented block copolymer is reported, i.e., polystyrene-b-poly(1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium-4-styrenesulfonate) (PS-b-PSS-EMIm), with a functionally antagonistic core-shell architecture that is specifically designed as an ionic exchangeable polymer electrolyte. The corresponding actuator shows exceptionally good actuation performance, with a high displacement of 8.22 mm at an ultralow voltage of 0.5 V, a fast rise time of 5 s, and excellent durability over 14 000 cycles. It is envisaged that the development of this high-performance ionic soft actuator could contribute to the progress toward the realization of the aforementioned applications. Furthermore, the procedure described herein can also be applied for developing novel polymer electrolytes related to solid-state lithium batteries and fuel cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Van Hiep Nguyen
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Functionally Antagonistic Nano‐EngineeringDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐roYuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehwan Kim
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Functionally Antagonistic Nano‐EngineeringDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐roYuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Rassoul Tabassian
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Functionally Antagonistic Nano‐EngineeringDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐roYuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Moumita Kotal
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Functionally Antagonistic Nano‐EngineeringDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐roYuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwoo Jun
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Functionally Antagonistic Nano‐EngineeringDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐roYuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Jung‐Hwan Oh
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Functionally Antagonistic Nano‐EngineeringDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐roYuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Ji‐Myeong Son
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Functionally Antagonistic Nano‐EngineeringDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐roYuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Taha Manzoor
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Functionally Antagonistic Nano‐EngineeringDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐roYuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Jin Kim
- Active Materials and Smart Living LaboratoryDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of NevadaLas Vegas (UNLV)Las VegasNV89154USA
| | - Il‐Kwon Oh
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Functionally Antagonistic Nano‐EngineeringDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐roYuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jun K, Kim J, Oh IK. An Electroactive and Transparent Haptic Interface Utilizing Soft Elastomer Actuators with Silver Nanowire Electrodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1801603. [PMID: 30062841 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201801603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An electroactive and transparent haptic interface having a rectangular void pattern creates tunable surface textures by controlling the wavelength and amplitude of independent void-lines. To make an active tactile surface, the transparent haptic interface employs a silver nanowire (AgNW) electrode to be compliant with the deformed elastomer surface. Here, the dielectric elastomer is newly blended with polydimethylsiloxane and Ecoflex prepolymer to simultaneously control the mechanical stiffness and transparency. The relative resistance of the AgNW electrode on a single void line is nearly unchanged under bending test, confirming the high stretchability and conductivity of the nanowire-networked electrode. The optical transparencies are 92-85%, depending on the ratio of the Ecoflex solution. Transparency values decreas by 7 and 16% after coating with AgNWs at densities of 30 and 140 mg m-2 , respectively. Using EP31, the void line is deformed by 90 µm under a field intensity of 13.0 V µm-1 . The haptic surface is successfully controlled by applying voltage, which produces four different surface textures, from relatively smooth to rough feeling, depending on the distance between deformed void lines. This haptic interface can be applied to diverse display systems as an external add-on screen and will help to realize programmable surface textures in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiwoo Jun
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro 291, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongnam Kim
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro 291, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Kwon Oh
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro 291, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kwon D, Wooh S, Yoon H, Char K. Mechanoresponsive Tuning of Anisotropic Wetting on Hierarchically Structured Patterns. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:4732-4738. [PMID: 29595266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we propose a simple mechanoresponsive system on patterned soft surfaces to manipulate both anisotropy and orientation of liquid wetting. On the poly(dimethylsiloxane) embedding line patterned structures, additional topographies, such as wrinkles and cracks, can be provided by applying compressive and tensile stress, respectively. This tunable hierarchy of structures with the different scales and directions of lines, wrinkles, and cracks allow the mechanoresponsive control of anisotropic wetting in a single platform. In addition, the wetting behavior on those surfaces is precisely investigated based on the concept of critical contact angle to overcome the ridges in a step flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanghyuk Wooh
- School of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06974 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsik Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Seoul National University of Science & Technology , Seoul 01811 , Republic of Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|