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Li Z, Yang M, Zhou C, Shi P, Hu P, Liang B, Jiang Q, Zhang L, Liu X, Lai C, Zhang T, Song H. Deciphering the molecular toolkit: regulatory elements governing shell biomineralization in marine molluscs. Integr Zool 2024. [PMID: 39030865 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
The intricate process of shell biomineralization in marine molluscs is governed by a complex interplay of regulatory elements, encompassing secretomes, transporters, and noncoding RNA. This review delves into recent advancements in understanding these regulatory mechanisms, emphasizing their significance in elucidating the functions and evolutionary dynamics of the molluscan shell biomineralization process. Central to this intricate orchestration are secretomes with diverse functional domains, selectively exported to the extrapallial space, which directly regulate crystal growth and morphology. Transporters are crucial for substrate transportation in the calcification and maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Beyond proteins and transporters, noncoding RNA molecules are integral components influencing shell biomineralization. This review underscores the nonnegligible roles played by these genetic elements at the molecular level. To comprehend the complexity of biomineralization in mollusc, we explore the origin and evolutionary history of regulatory elements, primarily secretomes. While some elements have recently evolved, others are ancient genes that have been co-opted into the biomineralization toolkit. These elements undergo structural and functional evolution through rapidly evolving repetitive low-complexity domains and domain gain/loss/rearrangements, ultimately shaping a distinctive set of secretomes characterized by both conserved features and evolutionary innovations. This comprehensive review enhances our understanding of molluscan biomineralization at the molecular and genetic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqing Li
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meijie Yang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Zhou
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Shi
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengpeng Hu
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingtian Jiang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education) and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education) and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Changping Lai
- Lianyungang Blue Carbon Marine Technology Co., Lianyungang, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Song
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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The Matrix Protein Cysrichin, a Galaxin-like Protein from Hyriopsis cumingii, Induces Vaterite Formation In Vitro. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030447. [PMID: 36979139 PMCID: PMC10045328 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we cloned a novel matrix protein, cysrichin, with 16.03% homology and a similar protein structure to the coral biomineralized protein galaxin. Tissue expression analysis showed that cysrichin was mainly expressed in mantle and gill tissues. In situ hybridization indicated that cysrichin mRNA was detected in the entire epithelium region of mantle tissue. RNAi analysis and shell notching experiment confirmed that cysrichin participates in the prismatic layer and nacreous layer formation of the shell. An in vitro crystallization experiment showed that the cysrichin protein induced lotus-shaped and round-shaped crystals, which were identified as vaterite crystals. These results may provide new clues for understanding the formation of vaterite in freshwater shellfish.
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3
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Yi L, Zou B, Xie L, Zhang R. A novel bifunctional protein PNU7 in CaCO3 polymorph formation: Vaterite stabilization and surface energy minimization. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:2796-2807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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4
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Luo W, Jiang R, Ren G, Jin C. Hic12, a novel acidic matrix protein promotes the transformation of calcite into vaterite in Hyriopsis cumingii. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 261:110755. [PMID: 35580805 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Shell acidic matrix proteins are widely considered to be essential for shell formation given their low affinity and high loading for calcium ion. In the present study, a novel matrix protein, hic12, was isolated from the mantle of Hyriopsis cumingii. High expression in tissue and positive signals with in situ hybridization were detected in the mantle center and mantle pallium, indicating that hic12 mainly participated in the biomineralization of the shell nacreous layer. The expression pattern of hic12 in the pearl sac during early pearl formation indicated that it was involved in pearl biomineralization. Moreover, the recombinant protein, rGST-Hic12, was successfully expressed and purified. The addition of rGST-Hic12 could accelerate the calcium carbonate deposition rate, change the morphology of crystals, and promote the conversion of calcite to vaterite. These results may provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of aragonite mollusk shell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Luo
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Huancheng West Road 508, Shaoxing 312000, PR China
| | - Rui Jiang
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Huancheng West Road 508, Shaoxing 312000, PR China
| | - Gang Ren
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Huancheng West Road 508, Shaoxing 312000, PR China
| | - Can Jin
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Huancheng West Road 508, Shaoxing 312000, PR China.
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5
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Yi L, Zou B, Xie L, Zhang R. DCSr-NL: A Novel Method to Semiquantitatively Probe the Growth Rate of Nacre. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:23624-23633. [PMID: 35847271 PMCID: PMC9281326 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Matrix proteins play critical roles in regulating the prismatic and nacreous layer formation in the shell. However, due to the dearth of in vivo experiments, their specific roles during shell formation are still unclear. In this study, a new method to detect the content of Sr in the nacreous layer (DCSr-NL), which can semiquantitatively measure the nacreous growth rate, has been proposed. In vitro experiments show that during in vitro crystallization, the Sr element can replace Ca partially, resulting in isomorphism. In vivo experiments show that the best labeling conditions are when the Sr/Ca in seawater is 0.3, at 24 °C, and at 4 days of culture. Although a surface morphological difference in the inner layer of nacre is seldom detected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), knockdown of the classical gene nacrein or unknown gene NU9, combined with DCSr-NL, shows that both significantly decrease the nacreous layer formation rate. The knockdown of the classical gene Pif177 or unknown genes NU3 or MRPN affects the surface morphology and decreases the nacreous layer formation rate. In general, thanks to DCSr-NL, we can efficiently analyze the growth rate of the nacre with or without morphological changes by SEM, and it is of considerable significance for exploring the target gene's function in forming the nacre in vivo.
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Zhang X, Yin Z, Ma Z, Liang J, Zhang Z, Yao L, Chen X, Liu X, Zhang R. Shell Matrix Protein N38 of Pinctada fucata, Inducing Vaterite Formation, Extends the DING Protein to the Mollusca World. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:531-541. [PMID: 35499596 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the animal kingdom, DING proteins were only found in Chordata and Aschelminthes. At present study, a potential DING protein, matrix protein N38, was isolated and purified from the shell of Pinctada fucata. Tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed that 14 peptide segments matched between N38 and human phosphate-binding protein (HPBP). HPBP belongs to the DING protein family and has a "DINGGG-" sequence, which is considered a "signature" of HPBP. In this study, the mass spectrometry analysis results showed that N38 had a "DIDGGG-" sequence; this structure is a mutation from the "DINGGG-" structure, which is a distinctive feature of the DING protein family. The role of N38 during calcium carbonate formation was explored through the in vitro crystallization experiment. The results of scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectrum analysis indicated that N38 induced vaterite formation. These findings revealed that N38 might regulate and participate in the precise control of the crystal growth of the shell, providing new clues for biomineralization mechanisms in P. fucata and DING protein family studies. In addition, this study helped extend the research of DING protein to the Mollusca world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zehui Yin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhuojun Ma
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China
| | - Jian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, 314000, China
| | - Liping Yao
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, 314000, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, 314000, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, 314000, China.
| | - Rongqing Zhang
- Protein Science laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, 314000, China.
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Song N, Li J, Li B, Pan E, Gao J, Ma Y. In vitro crystallization of calcium carbonate mediated by proteins extracted from P. placenta shells. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00692h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ASM extracted from the shells of P. placenta can stabilize ACC and inhibit secondary nucleation for 10 hours, and an explosive secondary nucleation and quick crystal growth from 50 nm to 10 μm can be finished on the shell surface in one hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjing Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiangfeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Baosheng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ercai Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Juan Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yurong Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Ji Y, Yang X, Yang D, Zhang R. PU14, a Novel Matrix Protein, Participates in Pearl Oyster, Pinctada Fucata, Shell Formation. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 23:189-200. [PMID: 33689053 PMCID: PMC8032588 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-020-10014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biomineralization is a widespread biological process, involved in the formation of shells, teeth, and bones. Shell matrix proteins have been widely studied for their importance during shell formation. In 2015, our group identified 72 unique shell matrix proteins in Pinctada fucata, among which PU14 is a matrix protein detected in the soluble fraction that solely exists in the prismatic layer. However, the function of PU14 is still unclear. In this study, the full-length cDNA sequence of PU14 was obtained and functional analyses of PU14 protein during shell formation were performed. The deduced protein has a molecular mass of 77.8 kDa and an isoelectric point of 11.34. The primary protein structure contains Gln-rich and random repeat units, which are typical characteristics of matrix protein and indicate its potential function during shell formation. In vivo and in vitro experiments indicated PU14 has prismatic layer functions during shell formation. The tissue expression patterns showed that PU14 was mainly expressed in the mantle tissue, which is consistent with prismatic layer formation. Notching experiments suggested that PU14 responded to repair and regenerate the injured shell. After inhibiting gene expression by injecting PU14-specific double-stranded RNA, the inner surface of the prismatic layer changed significantly and became rougher. Further, in vitro experiments showed that recombinant protein rPU14 impacted calcite crystal morphology. Taken together, characterization and functional analyses of a novel matrix protein, PU14, provide new insights about basic matrix proteins and their functions during shell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Ji
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rongqing Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Zhe Jiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, 705 Yatai Road, Jiaxing, 314006, China.
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China.
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9
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Zhu X, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Zhao S, Xie L, Zhang R. A species-specific miRNA participates in biomineralization by targeting CDS regions of Prisilkin-39 and ACCBP in Pinctada fucata. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8971. [PMID: 32488043 PMCID: PMC7265298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65708-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomineralization is a sophisticated biological process precisely regulated by multiple molecules and pathways. Accumulating miRNAs have been identified in invertebrates but their functions in biomineralization are poorly studied. Here, an oyster species-specific miRNA, novel_miR_1 was found to regulate biomineralization in Pinctada fucata. Target prediction showed that novel_miR_1 could target Prisilkin-39 and ACCBP by binding to their coding sequences (CDS). Tissue distribution analysis revealed that the expression level of novel_miR_1 was highest in the mantle, which was a key tissue participating in biomineralization. Gain-of-function assay in vivo showed that biomineralization-related genes including Prisilkin-39 and ACCBP were down-regulated and shell inner surfaces of both prismatic and nacreous layer were disrupted after the over-expression of novel_miR_1, indicating its dual roles in biomineralization. Furthermore, the shell notching results indicated that novel_miR_1 was involved in shell regeneration. Dual-luciferase reporter assay in vitro demonstrated that novel_miR_1 directly suppressed Prisilkin-39 and ACCBP genes by binding to the CDS regions. Taken together, these results suggest that novel_miR_1 is a direct negative regulator to Prisilkin-39 and ACCBP and plays an indispensable and important role in biomineralization in both prismatic and nacreous layer of P. fucata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Zhu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, 705 Yatai Road, Jiaxing, 314006, China
| | - Shuyan Zhao
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, 705 Yatai Road, Jiaxing, 314006, China
| | - Liping Xie
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rongqing Zhang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, 705 Yatai Road, Jiaxing, 314006, China.
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China.
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PfmPif97-like regulated by Pfm-miR-9b-5p participates in shell formation in Pinctada fucata martensii. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226367. [PMID: 31830109 PMCID: PMC6907788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mollusk shell matrix proteins are important for the formation of organic frameworks, crystal nucleation, and crystal growth in Pinctada fucata martensii (P. f. martensii). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in many biological processes, including shell formation. In this study, we obtained the full-length sequence of Pif97-like gene in P. f. martensii (PfmPif97-like). PfmPif97-like was mainly distributed in mantle pallial and mantle edge. Correlation analysis indicated that the average shell thickness and weight showed a positive correlation with PfmPif97-like expression (P < 0.05). The inner surface of the nacreous layer and prismatic layer showed atypical growth when we knocked down the expression of PfmPif97-like by RNA interference (RNAi). We used a luciferase reporter assay to identify that miR-9b-5p of P. f. martensii (Pfm-miR-9b-5p) downregulated the expression of PfmPif97-like by interacting with the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) while we obtained the same result by injecting the Pfm-miR-9b-5p mimics in vivo. After injecting the mimics, we also observed abnormal growth in nacre layer and prismatic layer which is consistent with the result of RNAi. We proposed that PfmPif97-like regulated by Pfm-miR-9b-5p participates in shell formation of P. f. martensii. These findings provide important clues about the molecular mechanisms that regulate biomineralization in P. f. martensii.
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Yang D, Yan Y, Yang X, Liu J, Zheng G, Xie L, Zhang R. A basic protein, N25, from a mollusk modifies calcium carbonate morphology and shell biomineralization. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8371-8383. [PMID: 30967473 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.007338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomineralization is a widespread biological process in the formation of shells, teeth, or bones. Matrix proteins in biominerals have been widely investigated for their roles in directing biomineralization processes such as crystal morphologies, polymorphs, and orientations. Here, we characterized a basic matrix protein, named mantle protein N25 (N25), identified previously in the Akoya pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata). Unlike some known acidic matrix proteins containing Asp or Glu as possible Ca2+-binding residues, we found that N25 is rich in Pro (12.4%), Ser (12.8%), and Lys (8.8%), suggesting it may perform a different function. We used the recombinant protein purified by refolding from inclusion bodies in a Ca(HCO3)2 supersaturation system and found that it specifically affects calcite morphologies. An X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) assay revealed that N25 could help delay the transformation of vaterites (a metastable calcium carbonate polymorph) to calcite. We also used fluorescence super-resolution imaging to map the distribution of N25 in CaCO3 crystals and transfected a recombinant N25-EGFP vector into HEK-293T cells to mimic the native process in which N25 is secreted by mantle epithelial cells and integrated into mineral structures. Our observations suggest N25 specifically affects crystal morphologies and provide evidence that basic proteins lacking acidic groups can also direct biomineralization. We propose that the attachment of N25 to specific sites on CaCO3 crystals may inhibit some crystal polymorphs or morphological transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guilan Zheng
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liping Xie
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Rongqing Zhang
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province 314006, China.
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12
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Huang J, Xie L, Zhang R. Shell repair and the potential microbial causal in a shell disease of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:934-941. [PMID: 30576776 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The pearl oyster Pinctada fucata is famous for producing luxurious pearls. As filter feeders, they are confronted with various infectious microorganisms. Despite a long history of aquaculture, diseases in P. fucata are not well studied, which limits the development of the pearl industry. We report here a shell disease in P. fucata and a study of the shell repair processes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the nacreous layer gradually recovered from disordered CaCO3 deposition, accompanied by a polymorphic transition from a calcite-aragonite mixture to an aragonite-dominant composition, as revealed by X-ray diffraction analysis. SEM also showed that numerous microbes were embedded in the abnormal shell layers. Similar indications were induced by a high concentration of microbes injected into the extrapallial space, suggesting the potential pathogenic effect of uncontrolled microbes. Furthermore, hemocytes were found to participate in pathogens resistance and might promote shell repair. These results further our understanding of pathogen-host interactions in pearl oysters and have implications for biotic control in pearl aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingliang Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Liping Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rongqing Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, 314000, China.
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13
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Kong J, Liu C, Yang D, Yan Y, Chen Y, Liu Y, Zheng G, Xie L, Zhang R. A novel basic matrix protein of Pinctada fucata, PNU9, functions as inhibitor during crystallization of aragonite. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce02194e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The injection of dsRNA of PNU9 could lead to the overgrowth of nacreous lamellas and the matrix membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Kong
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education
- School of Life Sciences
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education
- School of Life Sciences
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Dong Yang
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education
- School of Life Sciences
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yi Yan
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education
- School of Life Sciences
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yan Chen
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education
- School of Life Sciences
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yangjia Liu
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education
- School of Life Sciences
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Guilan Zheng
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education
- School of Life Sciences
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Liping Xie
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education
- School of Life Sciences
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Rongqing Zhang
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education
- School of Life Sciences
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
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14
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Huang J, Li S, Liu Y, Liu C, Xie L, Zhang R. Hemocytes in the extrapallial space of Pinctada fucata are involved in immunity and biomineralization. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4657. [PMID: 29545643 PMCID: PMC5854705 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22961-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In bivalves, the mantle tissue secretes organic matrix and inorganic ions into the extrapallial space (EPS) to form the shells. In addition, more and more evidences indicate the participation of hemocytes in shell mineralization, but no direct evidence has been reported that verifies the presence of hemocytes in the EPS, and their exact roles in biomineralization remain uncertain. Here, we identified hemocytes from the EPS of Pinctada fucata. Numerous components involved in cellular and humoral immunity were identified by proteome analysis, together with several proteins involved in calcium metabolism. The hemocytes exerted active phagocytosis and significantly upregulated the expression of immune genes after immune stimulation. A group of granulocytes were found to contain numerous calcium-rich vesicles and crystals, which serve as a calcium pool. During shell regeneration, some genes involved in calcium metabolism are upregulated. Strikingly, most of the shell matrix proteins were absent in the hemocytes, suggesting that they might not be solely responsible for directing the growth of the shell. Taken together, our results provided comprehensive information about the function of hemocytes in immunity and shell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingliang Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shiguo Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yangjia Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chuang Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Liping Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rongqing Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, 314000, China.
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