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Chuang YT, Yen CY, Tang JY, Chang FR, Tsai YH, Wu KC, Chien TM, Chang HW. Protein phosphatase 2A modulation and connection with miRNAs and natural products. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:3612-3627. [PMID: 38491812 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a heterotrimeric holoenzyme (scaffolding, catalytic, and regulatory subunits), regulates dephosphorylation for more than half of serine/threonine phosphosites and exhibits diverse cellular functions. Although several studies on natural products and miRNAs have emphasized their impacts on PP2A regulation, their connections lack systemic organization. Moreover, only part of the PP2A family has been investigated. This review focuses on the PP2A-modulating effects of natural products and miRNAs' interactions with potential PP2A targets in cancer and non-cancer cells. PP2A-modulating natural products and miRNAs were retrieved through a literature search. Utilizing the miRDB database, potential PP2A targets of these PP2A-modulating miRNAs for the whole set (17 members) of the PP2A family were retrieved. Finally, PP2A-modulating natural products and miRNAs were linked via a literature search. This review provides systemic directions for assessing natural products and miRNAs relating to the PP2A-modulating functions in cancer and disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Yen
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hong Tsai
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chuan Wu
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Pingtung University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Ming Chien
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Xie Y, Wang C. Herb-drug interactions between Panax notoginseng or its biologically active compounds and therapeutic drugs: A comprehensive pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 307:116156. [PMID: 36754189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Herbs, along with the use of herb-drug interactions (HDIs) to combat diseases, are increasing in popularity worldwide. HDIs have two effects: favorable interactions that tend to improve therapeutic outcomes and/or minimize the toxic effects of drugs, and unfavorable interactions aggravating the condition of patients. Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen is a medicinal plant that has long been commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine to reduce swelling, relieve pain, clear blood stasis, and stop bleeding. Numerous studies have demonstrated the existence of intricate pharmacodynamic (PD) and pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions between P. notoginseng and conventional drugs. However, these HDIs have not been systematically summarized. AIM OF THE REVIEW To collect the available literature on the combined applications of P. notoginseng and drugs published from 2005 to 2022 and summarize the molecular mechanisms of interactions to circumvent the potential risks of combination therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This work was conducted by searching PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CNKI databases. The search terms included "notoginseng", "Sanqi", "drug interaction," "synergy/synergistic", "combination/combine", "enzyme", "CYP", and "transporter". RESULTS P. notoginseng and its bioactive ingredients interact synergistically with numerous drugs, including anticancer, antiplatelet, and antimicrobial agents, to surmount drug resistance and side effects. This review elaborates on the molecular mechanisms of the PD processed involved. P. notoginseng shapes the PK processes of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of other drugs by regulating metabolic enzymes and transporters, mainly cytochrome P450 enzymes and P-glycoprotein. This effect is a red flag for drugs with a narrow therapeutic window. Notably, amphipathic saponins in P. notoginseng act as auxiliary materials in drug delivery systems to enhance drug solubility and absorption and represent a new entry point for studying interactions. CONCLUSION This article provides a comprehensive overview of HDIs by analyzing the results of the in vivo and in vitro studies on P. notoginseng and its bioactive components. The knowledge presented here offers a scientific guideline for investigating the clinical importance of combination therapies. Physicians and patients need information on possible interactions between P. notoginseng and other drugs, and this review can help them make scientific predictions regarding the consequences of combination treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Xie
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Protective effects of Panax ginseng berry extract on blue light-induced retinal damage in ARPE-19 cells and mouse retina. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:65-73. [PMID: 36644394 PMCID: PMC9834005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a significant visual disease that induces impaired vision and irreversible blindness in the elderly. However, the effects of ginseng berry extract (GBE) on the retina have not been studied. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the protective effects of GBE on blue light (BL)-induced retinal damage and elucidate its underlying mechanisms in human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19 cells) and Balb/c retina. Methods To investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of GBE on retinal damage in vitro, we performed cell viability assay, pre-and post-treatment of sample, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and western immunoblotting using A2E-laden ARPE-19 cells with BL exposure. In addition, Balb/c mice were irradiated with BL to induce retinal degeneration and orally administrated with GBE (50, 100, 200 mg/kg). Using the harvested retina, we performed histological analysis (thickness of retinal layers), qRT-PCR, and western immunoblotting to elucidate the effects and mechanisms of GBE against retinal damage in vivo. Results GBE significantly inhibited BL-induced cell damage in ARPE-19 cells by activating the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway, regulating NF-kB translocation, caspase 3 activation, PARP cleavage, expressions of apoptosis-related factors (BAX/BCL-2, LC3-Ⅱ, and p62), and ROS production. Furthermore, GBE prevented BL-induced retinal degeneration by restoring the thickness of retinal layers and suppressed inflammation and apoptosis via regulation of NF-kB and SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway, cleavage of caspase 3 and PARP, and expressions of apoptosis-related factors in vivo. Conclusions GBE could be a potential agent to prevent dry AMD and progression to wet AMD.
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Lin Z, Xie R, Zhong C, Huang J, Shi P, Yao H. Recent progress (2015-2020) in the investigation of the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of ginsenoside Rb 1, a main active ingredient in Panax ginseng Meyer. J Ginseng Res 2022; 46:39-53. [PMID: 35058726 PMCID: PMC8753521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), one of the most important ingredients in Panax ginseng Meyer, has been confirmed to have favorable activities, including reducing antioxidative stress, inhibiting inflammation, regulating cell autophagy and apoptosis, affecting sugar and lipid metabolism, and regulating various cytokines. This study reviewed the recent progress on the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of Rb1 against cardiovascular and nervous system diseases, diabetes, and their complications, especially those related to neurodegenerative diseases, myocardial ischemia, hypoxia injury, and traumatic brain injury. This review retrieved articles from PubMed and Web of Science that were published from 2015 to 2020. The molecular targets or pathways of the effects of Rb1 on these diseases are referring to HMGB1, GLUT4, 11β-HSD1, ERK, Akt, Notch, NF-κB, MAPK, PPAR-γ, TGF-β1/Smad pathway, PI3K/mTOR pathway, Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, Nrf2/ARE pathway, and MAPK/NF-κB pathway. The potential effects of Rb1 and its possible mechanisms against diseases were further predicted via Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and disease ontology semantic and enrichment (DOSE) analyses with the reported targets. This study provides insights into the therapeutic effects of Rb1 and its mechanisms against diseases, which is expected to help in promoting the drug development of Rb1 and its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuan Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rongfang Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chenhui Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianyong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Peiying Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Bee Products, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Jankauskas SS, Gambardella J, Sardu C, Lombardi A, Santulli G. Functional Role of miR-155 in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:ncrna7030039. [PMID: 34287359 PMCID: PMC8293470 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence indicates that microRNA-155 (miR-155) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. A number of clinical studies reported low serum levels of miR-155 in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Preclinical studies revealed that miR-155 partakes in the phenotypic switch of cells within the islets of Langerhans under metabolic stress. Moreover, miR-155 was shown to regulate insulin sensitivity in liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. Dysregulation of miR-155 expression was also shown to predict the development of nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy in DM. Here, we systematically describe the reports investigating the role of miR-155 in DM and its complications. We also discuss the recent results from in vivo and in vitro models of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and T2D, discussing the differences between clinical and preclinical studies and shedding light on the molecular pathways mediated by miR-155 in different tissues affected by DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislovas S. Jankauskas
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (S.S.J.); (J.G.); (A.L.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jessica Gambardella
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (S.S.J.); (J.G.); (A.L.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- International Translational Research and Medical Education Consortium (ITME), Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, “Federico II” University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Celestino Sardu
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (S.S.J.); (J.G.); (A.L.)
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (S.S.J.); (J.G.); (A.L.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- International Translational Research and Medical Education Consortium (ITME), Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, “Federico II” University, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Wang S, Cui Y, Xiong M, Li M, Wang P, Cui J, Du X, Chen Y, Zhang T. Dual Activity of Ginsenoside Rb1 in Hypertrophic Cardiomyocytes and Activated Macrophages: Implications for the Therapeutic Intervention of Cardiac Hypertrophy. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:1789-1806. [PMID: 33981156 PMCID: PMC8108398 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s310633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Owing to the important mechanistic implications in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, inflammation has been proposed as a druggable target for the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Ginseng is a widely used medicinal herb for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. As one of the major chemical components of ginseng, ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) contributes to the cardiovascular effects of ginseng. Meanwhile, anti-inflammatory activity of Rb1 has also been documented. The current work aims to further delineate the pharmacological implications of Rb1 in the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy. Methods Angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion mouse model was adopted to investigate the effects of Rb1 on cardiac hypertrophic remodeling and associated inflammation in vivo. Furthermore, the mechanisms of actions of Rb1 in modulating the hypertrophic and inflammatory responses were investigated in cardiomyocytes and macrophages, respectively. Results Rb1 mitigates Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac inflammation and systemic inflammation in vivo. In cardiomyocytes, Rb1 directly counteracts the pro-hypertrophic effects of Ang II and phenylephrine and maintains the mitochondrial function. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages, Rb1 decreases the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2) and reduces the production of inflammation mediators such as interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Rb1 also suppresses the expression of pro-hypertrophic microRNA-155 (miR-155) in LPS- or Ang II-stimulated macrophages. Furthermore, in activated macrophages, miR-155 is in part accountable for the suppressive effect of Rb1 on the production of IL-6, an inflammation mediator with pro-hypertrophic functions in the heart. Conclusion The work here provides novel experimental evidence supporting the notion that Rb1 protects against cardiac hypertrophy in part through suppressing the inflammatory mechanisms that promotes the pathological remodeling of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Wang
- Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimeng Cui
- Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Minqi Xiong
- Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Li
- Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiwei Wang
- Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingang Cui
- Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoye Du
- Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology, Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Chen YW, Huang YP, Wu PC, Chiang WY, Wang PH, Chen BY. The Functional Vision Protection Effect of Danshensu via Dopamine D1 Receptors: In Vivo Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030978. [PMID: 33803057 PMCID: PMC8002943 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Danshensu, a traditional herb-based active component (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge), has garnered attention, due to its safety, nutritional value, and antioxidant effects, along with cardiovascular-protective and neuroprotective abilities; however, its effect on the retinal tissues and functional vision has not been fully studied. The objective of this study was to analyze the protective effect of danshensu on retinal tissues and functional vision in vivo in a mouse model of light-induced retinal degeneration. High energy light-evoked visual damage was confirmed by the loss in structural tissue integrity in the retina accompanied by a decline in visual acuity and visual contrast sensitivity function (VCSF), whereas the retina tissue exhibited severe Müller cell gliosis. Although danshensu treatment did not particularly reduce light-evoked damage to the photoreceptors, it significantly prevented Müller cell gliosis. Danshensu exerted protective effects against light-evoked deterioration on low spatial frequency-based VCSF as determined by the behavioral optomotor reflex method. Additionally, the protective effect of danshensu on VCSF can be reversed and blocked by the injection of a dopamine D1 receptor antagonist (SCH 23390). This study demonstrated that the major functional vision promotional effect of danshensu in vivo was through the dopamine D1 receptors enhancement pathway, rather than the structural protection of the retinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Wen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 88301, Taiwan; (Y.-W.C.); (P.-C.W.); (W.-Y.C.)
| | - Yun-Ping Huang
- Department of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.-P.H.); (P.-H.W.)
| | - Pei-Chang Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 88301, Taiwan; (Y.-W.C.); (P.-C.W.); (W.-Y.C.)
| | - Wei-Yu Chiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 88301, Taiwan; (Y.-W.C.); (P.-C.W.); (W.-Y.C.)
| | - Ping-Hsun Wang
- Department of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.-P.H.); (P.-H.W.)
| | - Bo-Yie Chen
- Department of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.-P.H.); (P.-H.W.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2473-0022 (ext. 12319)
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Zhou X, Zhang B, Zhao X, Lin Y, Wang J, Wang X, Hu N, Wang S. Chlorogenic acid supplementation ameliorates hyperuricemia, relieves renal inflammation, and modulates intestinal homeostasis. Food Funct 2021; 12:5637-5649. [PMID: 34018499 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03199b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HUA) is induced by abnormal purine metabolism and elevated serum uric acid (UA) concentrations, and it is often accompanied by inflammatory responses and intestinal disorders. This study aims to assess the protective effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on HUA in mice. CGA or allopurinol was given to mice with HUA induced by hypoxanthine and potassium oxonate. CGA lowered the levels of UA, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CR), AST, and ALT; inhibited xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity; and downregulated the mRNA expression of UA secretory proteins in HUA mice. Moreover, CGA significantly reduced serum lipopolysaccharides (LPS) levels and the mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, NOD-like receptor superfamily pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), and caspase-1, and it inhibited the activation of the toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 88/nuclear factor kappa B (TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB) signaling pathway in the kidney, resulting in inflammation relief in HUA mice. In addition, CGA treatment increased the production of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in HUA mice. Additional investigations showed that CGA significantly lowered the mRNA expression of ileal IL-1β and IL-6, and it increased the mRNA expression of intestinal tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin). Also, CGA increased the relative abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria, including Bacteroides, Prevotellaceae UGC-001, and Butyricimonas, and it reversed the purine metabolism and glutamate metabolism functions of gut microbiota. In conclusion, CGA may be a potential candidate for relieving the symptoms of HUA and regulating its associated inflammatory responses and intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Bowei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Yongxi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Jin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Nan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China. and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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Ouyang X, Yang J, Hong Z, Wu Y, Xie Y, Wang G. Mechanisms of blue light-induced eye hazard and protective measures: a review. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110577. [PMID: 32763817 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of blue light exposure to human health has attracted increased research attention. Blue light, with relatively high energy, can cause irreversible photochemical damage to eye tissue. Excessive exposure of the eye to blue light tends to cause a series of alterations, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial apoptosis, inflammatory apoptosis, mitochondrial apoptosis and DNA damage, resulting in the development of dry eye disease, glaucoma, and keratitis. Accordingly, physical protection, chemical and pharmaceutical protective measures, gene therapy, and other methods are widely used in the clinical treatment of blue light hazard. We reviewed the studies on possible blue light-induced signaling pathways and mechanisms in the eye and summarized the therapeutic approaches to addressing blue light hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicines in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicines in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Zexin Hong
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicines in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yide Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicines in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yongfang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicines in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
| | - Guohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicines in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
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Wang Z, Zhou S, Hu X, Chai J. Ginsenosides induce extensive changes in gene expression and inhibit oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in human lens epithelial cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:44. [PMID: 32046688 PMCID: PMC7076854 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2826-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of ginsenosides on the growth and apoptosis of human lens epithelial (HLE) B3 cells exposed to H2O2 was investigated. In addition, the effect of ginsenosides on gene expression in HLE-B3 cells was analyzed using microarray assays to determine its molecular mechanism. Methods HLE-B3 cells were treated with 1.75 M H2O2 in the presence or absence of 5, 10 or 20 μM ginsenosides. Cell viability and apoptosis were examined by MTT assays and flow cytometry, respectively, at 24 to 120 h after the treatment. Furthermore, HLE-B3 cells were treated with 20 μM ginsenosides for 8 days and total RNA was isolated and analyzed using the Affymetrix GeneChip Array. Principal component analysis was performed to visualize the microarray data. Results Addition of ginsenosides significantly alleviated the growth inhibitory effect of H2O2 on HLE-B3 cells and the percentage of viable cells was increased by more than 3 folds. Flow cytometric analysis showed that 6.16 ± 0.29% of H2O2-treated HLE-B3 cells were early apoptotic cells, and the percentage was reduced to 4.78 ± 0.16% (P < 0.05) in the presence of 20 μM ginsenosides. Principal component analysis revealed that ginsenoside caused extensive changes in gene expression in HLE-B3 cells. A total of 6219 genes showed significant differential expression in HLE-B3 cells treated with ginsenoside; among them, 2552 (41.0%) genes were significantly upregulated, whereas 3667 (59.0%) genes were significantly downregulated. FOXN2, APP and RAD23B were the top three upregulated genes while WSB1, PSME4 and DCAF7 were the top three downregulated genes in HLE-B3 cells treated with ginsenosides. Conclusion Ginsenosides induce extensive changes in the expression of genes involved in multiple signaling pathways, including apoptotic signaling pathway and DNA damage response signaling pathway. Ginsenosides alleviate H2O2-induced suppression of the growth of HLB cells and inhibit H2O2-induced apoptosis of HLB cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhewen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital of Jilin University, No.1 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shiping Zhou
- Endoscopy Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital of Jilin University, No.1 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Jiannan Chai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Hospital of Jilin University, No.1 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, 130021, China.
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11
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Polina ER, Oliveira FM, Sbruzzi RC, Crispim D, Canani LH, Santos KG. Gene polymorphism and plasma levels of miR-155 in diabetic retinopathy. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:1591-1599. [PMID: 31751306 PMCID: PMC6933831 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circulating microRNA-155 (miR-155) is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the rs767649 polymorphism in the pre-MIR155 gene is associated with miR-155 expression. However, their relationship with diabetic retinopathy (DR) is still unknown. Therefore, the aim of this case-control study was to test the hypothesis that the rs767649 polymorphism in the pre-MIR155 gene is associated with DR in South Brazilians with T2DM. We also evaluated the association of plasma levels of miR-155 with DR and the rs767649 polymorphism in a subgroup of subjects. The rs767649 polymorphism was genotyped in 139 blood donors and 546 T2DM patients (244 had no DR, 161 had non-proliferative DR and 141 had proliferative DR). miR-155 expression was quantified in 20 blood donors and 60 T2DM patients (20 from each group). Among T2DM patients, the carriership of the A allele and the A allele were more frequent in subjects with DR than in those without it (P < 0.05), and the A allele was independently associated with an increased risk of DR (adjusted OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.12-4.01). The plasma levels of miR-155 were lower in T2DM patients than in blood donors (P < 0.001). However, the miR-155 levels did not differ according to the presence and severity of DR or according to rs767649 genotypes among T2DM patients. These findings support that the rs767649 polymorphism in the pre-MIR155 gene is associated with DR in T2DM and that the miR-155 plasma levels might be associated with T2DM. Additional studies are needed to further investigate their clinical significance in DR and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Polina
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | - F M Oliveira
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | - R C Sbruzzi
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | - D Crispim
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - L H Canani
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - K G Santos
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Correspondence should be addressed to K G Santos:
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The Effects of Environmental Factors on Ginsenoside Biosynthetic Enzyme Gene Expression and Saponin Abundance. Molecules 2018; 24:molecules24010014. [PMID: 30577538 PMCID: PMC6337439 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is one of the most important medicinal plants in Northeast China, and ginsenosides are the main active ingredients found in medicinal ginseng. The biosynthesis of ginsenosides is regulated by environmental factors and the expression of key enzyme genes. Therefore, in this experiment, ginseng in the leaf opened stage, the green fruit stage, the red fruit stage, and the root growth stage was used as the test material, and nine individual ginsenosides and total saponins (the sum of the individual saponins) were detected by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). There was a trend of synergistic increase and decrease, and saponin accumulation and transfer in different tissues. The expression of key enzyme genes in nine synthetic pathways was detected by real-time PCR, and the correlation between saponin content, gene expression, and ecological factors was analyzed. Correlation analysis showed that in root tissue, PAR (Photosynthetically Active Radiation) and soil water potential had a greater impact on ginsenoside accumulation, while in leaf tissue, temperature and relative humidity had a greater impact on ginsenoside accumulation. The results provide a theoretical basis for elucidating the relationship between ecological factors and genetic factors and their impact on the quality of medicinal materials. The results also have guiding significance for realizing the quality of medicinal materials.
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Liou JC, Yang SL, Wang PH, Wu JL, Huang YP, Chen BY, Lee MC. Protective effect of crocin against the declining of high spatial frequency-based visual performance in mice. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Zhang TZ, Hua T, Han LK, Zhang Y, Li GY, Zhang QL, Su GF. Antiapoptotic role of the cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes (CREG) in retinal photoreceptor cells in a rat model of light-induced retinal injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1355-1361. [PMID: 29864918 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Light injury-induced apoptosis of retinal photoreceptor cells can lead to vision loss. The mechanism underlying such injury remains unclear, and there are no effective therapies at present. The aim of this study was to examine the potential antiapoptotic role of the cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes (CREG) in retinal cells in a rat model of light-induced retinal damage. METHODS CREG proteins were injected into the vitreous space of rats in which light retinal injury was induced. An equal volume of PBS was injected into the vitreous space of a control group. Retinas were collected for H&E staining and Western blotting analysis 1, 3, and 7 days later. Inhibitors or agonist for P38, JNK, and AKT were injected into the vitreous space to verify CREG function. RESULTS In rats with light-induced retinal injury, the CREG treatment inhibited the expression of apoptosis-related proteins caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 and signaling proteins phosphorylated ERK (P-ERK), phosphorylated JNK (P-JNK), phosphorylated P38 (P-P38), and phosphorylated AKT (P-AKT). An inhibitor of PI3K-AKT and an agonists of P38 and JNK abrogated the inhibitory effect of CREG on caspase-3 expression. CONCLUSION CREG protected retinal cells against apoptosis by inhibiting P38/MAPK and JNK/MAPK signaling pathways and activating the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Zi Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ting Hua
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Li-Kun Han
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of JiLin University, ChangChun, China
| | - Guang-Yu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of JiLin University, ChangChun, China
| | - Qiu-Li Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Guan-Fang Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of JiLin University, ChangChun, China.
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