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Quiroga X, Walani N, Disanza A, Chavero A, Mittens A, Tebar F, Trepat X, Parton RG, Geli MI, Scita G, Arroyo M, Le Roux AL, Roca-Cusachs P. A mechanosensing mechanism controls plasma membrane shape homeostasis at the nanoscale. eLife 2023; 12:e72316. [PMID: 37747150 PMCID: PMC10569792 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
As cells migrate and experience forces from their surroundings, they constantly undergo mechanical deformations which reshape their plasma membrane (PM). To maintain homeostasis, cells need to detect and restore such changes, not only in terms of overall PM area and tension as previously described, but also in terms of local, nanoscale topography. Here, we describe a novel phenomenon, by which cells sense and restore mechanically induced PM nanoscale deformations. We show that cell stretch and subsequent compression reshape the PM in a way that generates local membrane evaginations in the 100 nm scale. These evaginations are recognized by I-BAR proteins, which triggers a burst of actin polymerization mediated by Rac1 and Arp2/3. The actin polymerization burst subsequently re-flattens the evagination, completing the mechanochemical feedback loop. Our results demonstrate a new mechanosensing mechanism for PM shape homeostasis, with potential applicability in different physiological scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xarxa Quiroga
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST)BarcelonaSpain
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Nikhil Walani
- Department of Applied Mechanics, IIT DelhiNew DelhiIndia
| | - Andrea Disanza
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular OncologyMilanItaly
| | - Albert Chavero
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Alexandra Mittens
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Francesc Tebar
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | | | - Giorgio Scita
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular OncologyMilanItaly
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, University of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Marino Arroyo
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST)BarcelonaSpain
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Campus Nord, Carrer de Jordi GironaBarcelonaSpain
- Centre Internacional de Mètodes Numèrics en Enginyeria (CIMNE)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Anabel-Lise Le Roux
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST)BarcelonaSpain
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
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2
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Dalto JF, Medina JH. Time-dependent inhibition of Rac1 in the VTA enhances long-term aversive memory: implications in active forgetting mechanisms. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13507. [PMID: 37598223 PMCID: PMC10439914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The fate of memories depends mainly on two opposing forces: the mechanisms required for the storage and maintenance of memory and the mechanisms underlying forgetting, being the latter much less understood. Here, we show the effect of inhibiting the small Rho GTPase Rac1 on the fate of inhibitory avoidance memory in male rats. The immediate post-training micro-infusion of the specific Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 (150 ng/0.5 µl/ side) into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) enhanced long-term memory at 1, 7, and 14 days after a single training. Additionally, an opposed effect occurred when the inhibitor was infused at 12 h after training while no effect was observed immediately after testing animals at 1 day. Control experiments ruled out the possibility that post-training memory enhancement was due to facilitation of memory formation since no effect was found when animals were tested at 1 h after acquisition and no memory enhancement was observed after the formation of a weak memory. Immediate post-training micro-infusion of Rac1 inhibitor into the dorsal hippocampus, or the amygdala did not affect memory. Our findings support the idea of a Rac1-dependent time-specific active forgetting mechanism in the VTA controlling the strength of a long-term aversive memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana F Dalto
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias "Prof. Eduardo de Robertis", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, 3rd Floor, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge H Medina
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias "Prof. Eduardo de Robertis", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, 3rd Floor, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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3
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Aow J, Huang TR, Goh YT, Sun AX, Thinakaran G, Koo EH. Evidence for a clathrin-independent endocytic pathway for APP internalization in the neuronal somatodendritic compartment. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112774. [PMID: 37450368 PMCID: PMC10449584 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) internalization via clathrin-/dynamin-mediated endocytosis (CME) mediated by its YENPTY motif into endosomes containing β-secretase is proposed to be critical for amyloid-beta (Aβ) production. Here, we show that somatodendritic APP internalization in primary rodent neurons is not blocked by inhibiting dynamin or mutating the YENPTY motif, in contrast to non-neuronal cell lines. These phenomena, confirmed in induced human neurons under dynamin inhibition, occur during basal conditions and chemical long-term-depression stimulus, pointing to a clathrin-independent internalization pathway for somatodendritic APP. Mutating the YENPTY motif does not alter APP recycling, degradation, or endolysosomal colocalization. However, both dynamin inhibition and the YENPTY mutant significantly decrease secreted Aβ in neurons, suggesting that internalized somatodendritic APP may not constitute a major source of Aβ. Interestingly, like APP, somatodendritic low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) internalization does not require its CME motif. These results highlight intriguing differences in neuronal internalization pathways and refine our understanding of Aβ production and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Aow
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Genome, Singapore 138672, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Tzu-Rung Huang
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yeek Teck Goh
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Genome, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Alfred Xuyang Sun
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gopal Thinakaran
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Edward H Koo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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4
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Liu J, Guo Y, Zhang R, Xu Y, Luo C, Wang R, Xu S, Wei L. Inhibition of TRPV4 remodels single cell polarity and suppresses the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:379. [PMID: 37369706 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05903-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor, frequently causing both intrahepatic and extrahepatic metastases. The overall prognosis of patients with metastatic HCC is poor. Recently, single-cell (sc) polarity is proved to be an innate feature of some tumor cells in liquid phase, and directly involved in the cell adhesion to blood vessel and tumor metastasis. Here, we characterize the maintained sc polarity of HCC cells in a suspension culture, and investigate its roles and regulatory mechanisms during metastasis. We demonstrate that transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a promoting regulator of sc polarity via activating Ca2+-dependent AMPK/MLC/ERM pathway. This attenuates the adhesion of metastatic HCC cells to vascular endothelial cells. The reduction of cancer metastases can result from TRPV4 inhibition, which not only impacts the migration and invasion of tumor cells, but also prevents the adhesion to vascular endothelial cells. Additionally, we discover a brand-new TRPV4 inhibitor called GL-V9 that modifies the degree of sc polarization and significantly decreases the metastatic capacity of HCC cells. Taken together, our data shows that TRPV4 and calcium signal are significant sc polarity regulators in metastatic HCC, and that the pharmacological intervention that results in HCC cells becoming depolarized suggests a promising treatment for cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, The People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjian Guo
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, #639 Longmian Dadao, Nanjing, The People's Republic of China
| | - Ruitian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, The People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, The People's Republic of China
| | - Chengju Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, The People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, The People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Libin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, The People's Republic of China.
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5
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Stark RJ, Nguyen HN, Bacon MK, Rohrbough JC, Choi H, Lamb FS. Chloride Channel-3 (ClC-3) Modifies the Trafficking of Leucine-Rich Repeat-Containing 8A (LRRC8A) Anion Channels. J Membr Biol 2022; 256:125-135. [PMID: 36322172 PMCID: PMC10085862 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-022-00271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chloride channel-3 (ClC-3) Cl-/H+ antiporters and leucine-rich repeat-containing 8 (LRRC8) family anion channels have both been associated with volume-regulated anion currents (VRACs). VRACs are often altered in ClC-3 null cells but are absent in LRRC8A null cells. To explore the relationship between ClC-3, LRRC8A, and VRAC we localized tagged proteins in human epithelial kidney (HEK293) cells using multimodal microscopy. Expression of ClC-3-GFP induced large multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with ClC-3 in the delimiting membrane. LRRC8A-RFP localized to the plasma membrane and to small cytoplasmic vesicles. Co-expression demonstrated co-localization in small, highly mobile cytoplasmic vesicles that associated with the early endosomal marker Rab5A. However, most of the small LRRC8A-positive vesicles were constrained within large MVBs with abundant ClC-3 in the delimiting membrane. Dominant negative (S34A) Rab5A prevented ClC-3 overexpression from creating enlarged MVBs, while constitutively active (Q79L) Rab5A enhanced this phenotype. Thus, ClC-3 and LRRC8A are endocytosed together but independently sorted in Rab5A MVBs. Subsequently, LRRC8A-labeled vesicles were sorted to MVBs labeled by Rab27A and B exosomal compartment markers, but not to Rab11 recycling endosomes. VRAC currents were significantly larger in ClC-3 null HEK293 cells. This work demonstrates dependence of LRRC8A trafficking on ClC-3 which may explain the association between ClC-3 and VRACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Stark
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue, Light Hall-1055D, Nashville, TN, 37232-3122v, USA
| | - Hong N Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue, Light Hall-1055D, Nashville, TN, 37232-3122v, USA
| | - Matthew K Bacon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Rohrbough
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue, Light Hall-1055D, Nashville, TN, 37232-3122v, USA
| | - Hyehun Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue, Light Hall-1055D, Nashville, TN, 37232-3122v, USA
| | - Fred S Lamb
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue, Light Hall-1055D, Nashville, TN, 37232-3122v, USA.
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6
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Dhawan K, Naslavsky N, Caplan S. Coronin2A links actin-based endosomal processes to the EHD1 fission machinery. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar107. [PMID: 35921168 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-12-0624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fission of transport vesicles from endosomes is a crucial step in the recycling of lipids and receptors to the plasma membrane, but this process remains poorly understood. Although key components of the fission machinery, including the actin cytoskeleton and the ATPase Eps15 homology domain protein 1 (EHD1), have been implicated in endosomal fission, how this process is coordinately regulated is not known. We have identified the actin regulatory protein Coronin2A (CORO2A) as a novel EHD1 interaction partner. CORO2A localizes to stress fibers and actin microfilaments but also can be observed in partial overlap with EHD1 on endosomal structures. siRNA knockdown of CORO2A led to enlarged lamellae-like actin-rich protrusions, consistent with a role of other Coronin family proteins in attenuating actin-branching. Moreover, CORO2A depletion also caused a marked decrease in the internalization of clathrin-dependent cargo but had little impact on the uptake of clathrin-independent cargo, highlighting key differences in the role of branched actin for different modes of endocytosis. However, CORO2A was required for recycling of clathrin-independent cargo, and its depletion led to enlarged endosomes, supporting a role for CORO2A in the fission of endosomal vesicles. Our data support a novel role for CORO2A in coordinating endosomal fission and recycling with EHD1. [Media: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE 68198
| | - Naava Naslavsky
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE 68198
| | - Steve Caplan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE 68198.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE 68198
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7
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Scala M, Nishikawa M, Ito H, Tabata H, Khan T, Accogli A, Davids L, Ruiz A, Chiurazzi P, Cericola G, Schulte B, Monaghan KG, Begtrup A, Torella A, Pinelli M, Denommé-Pichon AS, Vitobello A, Racine C, Mancardi MM, Kiss C, Guerin A, Wu W, Gabau Vila E, Mak BC, Martinez-Agosto JA, Gorin MB, Duz B, Bayram Y, Carvalho CMB, Vengoechea JE, Chitayat D, Tan TY, Callewaert B, Kruse B, Bird LM, Faivre L, Zollino M, Biskup S, Striano P, Nigro V, Severino M, Capra V, Costain G, Nagata KI. Variant-specific changes in RAC3 function disrupt corticogenesis in neurodevelopmental phenotypes. Brain 2022; 145:3308-3327. [PMID: 35851598 PMCID: PMC9473360 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Variants in RAC3, encoding a small GTPase RAC3 which is critical for the regulation of actin cytoskeleton and intracellular signal transduction, are associated with a rare neurodevelopmental disorder with structural brain anomalies and facial dysmorphism. We investigated a cohort of 10 unrelated participants presenting with global psychomotor delay, hypotonia, behavioural disturbances, stereotyped movements, dysmorphic features, seizures and musculoskeletal abnormalities. MRI of brain revealed a complex pattern of variable brain malformations, including callosal abnormalities, white matter thinning, grey matter heterotopia, polymicrogyria/dysgyria, brainstem anomalies and cerebellar dysplasia. These patients harboured eight distinct de novo RAC3 variants, including six novel variants (NM_005052.3): c.34G > C p.G12R, c.179G > A p.G60D, c.186_188delGGA p.E62del, c.187G > A p.D63N, c.191A > G p.Y64C and c.348G > C p.K116N. We then examined the pathophysiological significance of these novel and previously reported pathogenic variants p.P29L, p.P34R, p.A59G, p.Q61L and p.E62K. In vitro analyses revealed that all tested RAC3 variants were biochemically and biologically active to variable extent, and exhibited a spectrum of different affinities to downstream effectors including p21-activated kinase 1. We then focused on the four variants p.Q61L, p.E62del, p.D63N and p.Y64C in the Switch II region, which is essential for the biochemical activity of small GTPases and also a variation hot spot common to other Rho family genes, RAC1 and CDC42. Acute expression of the four variants in embryonic mouse brain using in utero electroporation caused defects in cortical neuron morphology and migration ending up with cluster formation during corticogenesis. Notably, defective migration by p.E62del, p.D63N and p.Y64C were rescued by a dominant negative version of p21-activated kinase 1. Our results indicate that RAC3 variants result in morphological and functional defects in cortical neurons during brain development through variant-specific mechanisms, eventually leading to heterogeneous neurodevelopmental phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hidenori Tabata
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, 713-8 Kamiya, Kasugai 480-0392, Japan
| | - Tayyaba Khan
- Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Accogli
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Davids
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anna Ruiz
- Genetics Laboratory, UDIAT-Centre Diagnòstic, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de, Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Pietro Chiurazzi
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy,Genetica Medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Cericola
- Neuropediatric Department, Helios-Klinikum Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Annalaura Torella
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy,Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Pinelli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Anne Sophie Denommé-Pichon
- INSERM UMR1231 Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France,Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, UF Innovation en diagnostic génomique des maladies rares, Plateau Technique de Biologie, CHU de Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France,Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'interrégion Est, FHU TRANSLAD, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU de Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Antonio Vitobello
- INSERM UMR1231 Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France,Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, UF Innovation en diagnostic génomique des maladies rares, Plateau Technique de Biologie, CHU de Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Caroline Racine
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, UF Innovation en diagnostic génomique des maladies rares, Plateau Technique de Biologie, CHU de Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France,Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'interrégion Est, FHU TRANSLAD, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU de Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Maria Margherita Mancardi
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medical and Surgical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Courtney Kiss
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Andrea Guerin
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Wendy Wu
- Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Gabau Vila
- Paediatric Unit, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de, Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Bryan C Mak
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julian A Martinez-Agosto
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael B Gorin
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles 90095, CA, USA,Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles 90095, CA, USA
| | - Bugrahan Duz
- Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Bayram
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Claudia M B Carvalho
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98122, USA,Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - David Chitayat
- The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tiong Yang Tan
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Bernd Kruse
- Neuropediatric Department, Helios-Klinikum Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Lynne M Bird
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA,Genetics/Dysmorphology, Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Laurence Faivre
- INSERM UMR1231 Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France,Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'interrégion Est, FHU TRANSLAD, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU de Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Marcella Zollino
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy,Genetica Medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Saskia Biskup
- Praxis für Humangenetik, Tübingen, Germany,CeGaT GmbH, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Pasquale Striano
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy,Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy,Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Capra
- Correspondence may also be addressed to: Valeria Capra Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy E-mail:
| | - Gregory Costain
- Correspondence may also be addressed to: Gregory Costain Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics Department of Pediatrics The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, Ontario, Canada E-mail:
| | - Koh ichi Nagata
- Correspondence to: Koh-ichi Nagata Department of Molecular Neurobiology Institute for Developmental Research Aichi Human Service Center, 713-8 Kamiya Kasugai, Aichi 480-0392, Japan E-mail:
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8
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Tyckaert F, Zanin N, Morsomme P, Renard HF. Rac1, actin cytoskeleton and microtubules are key players in clathrin-independent endophilin-A3-mediated endocytosis. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:276016. [PMID: 35703091 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytic mechanisms actively regulate plasma membrane composition and sustain fundamental cellular functions. Recently, we identified a clathrin-independent endocytic (CIE) modality mediated by the BAR domain protein endophilin-A3 (endoA3), which controls the cell surface homeostasis of the tumor marker CD166/ALCAM. Deciphering the molecular machinery of endoA3-dependent CIE should therefore contribute to a better understanding of its pathophysiological role, which remains so far unknown. Here, we investigate the role in this mechanism of actin, Rho GTPases and microtubules, which are major actors of CIE processes. We show that the actin cytoskeleton is dynamically associated with endoA3- and CD166-positive endocytic carriers and that its perturbation strongly inhibits the uptake process of CD166. We also reveal that the Rho GTPase Rac1, but not Cdc42, is a master regulator of this endocytic route. Finally, we provide evidence that microtubules and kinesin molecular motors are required to potentiate endoA3-dependent endocytosis. Of note, our study also highlights potential compensation phenomena between endoA3-dependent CIE and macropinocytosis. Altogether, our data deepen our understanding of this CIE modality and further differentiate it from other unconventional endocytic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Tyckaert
- UCLouvain, Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Group of Molecular Physiology, Croix du Sud 4-5, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,UNamur, NARILIS, Unité de recherche en biologie cellulaire animale (URBC), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Natacha Zanin
- UNamur, NARILIS, Unité de recherche en biologie cellulaire animale (URBC), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Pierre Morsomme
- UCLouvain, Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Group of Molecular Physiology, Croix du Sud 4-5, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Henri-François Renard
- UNamur, NARILIS, Unité de recherche en biologie cellulaire animale (URBC), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
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9
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Athirasala A, Patel S, Menezes PP, Kim J, Tahayeri A, Sahay G, Bertassoni LE. Matrix stiffness regulates lipid nanoparticle-mRNA delivery in cell-laden hydrogels. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2022; 42:102550. [PMID: 35292368 PMCID: PMC9206884 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
mRNA therapeutics have increased in popularity, largely due to the transient and fast nature of protein expression and the low risk of off-target effects. This has increased drastically with the remarkable success of mRNA-based vaccines for COVID-19. Despite advances in lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-based delivery, the mechanisms that regulate efficient endocytic trafficking and translation of mRNA remain poorly understood. Although it is widely acknowledged that the extracellular matrix (ECM) regulates uptake and expression of exogenous nano-complexed genetic material, its specific effects on mRNA delivery and expression have not yet been examined. Here, we demonstrate a critical role for matrix stiffness in modulating both mRNA transfection and expression and uncover distinct mechano-regulatory mechanisms for endocytosis of mRNA through RhoA mediated mTOR signaling and cytoskeletal dynamics. Our findings have implications for effective delivery of therapeutic mRNA to targeted tissues that may be differentially affected by tissue and matrix stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avathamsa Athirasala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Collaborative Life Sciences Building, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Siddharth Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Life Science Building, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Paula P Menezes
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Jeonghwan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Life Science Building, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Anthony Tahayeri
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Gaurav Sahay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Collaborative Life Sciences Building, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Life Science Building, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Luiz E Bertassoni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Collaborative Life Sciences Building, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research (CEDAR) Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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10
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Tian X, Bunda P, Ishibe S. Podocyte Endocytosis in Regulating the Glomerular Filtration Barrier. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:801837. [PMID: 35223901 PMCID: PMC8866310 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.801837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis is a mechanism that internalizes and recycles plasma membrane components and transmembrane receptors via vesicle formation, which is mediated by clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent signaling pathways. Podocytes are specialized, terminally differentiated epithelial cells in the kidney, located on the outermost layer of the glomerulus. These cells play an important role in maintaining the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier in conjunction with the adjacent basement membrane and endothelial cell layers within the glomerulus. An intact podocyte endocytic machinery appears to be necessary for maintaining podocyte function. De novo pathologic human genetic mutations and loss-of-function studies of critical podocyte endocytosis genes in genetically engineered mouse models suggest that this pathway contributes to the pathophysiology of development and progression of proteinuria in chronic kidney disease. Here, we review the mechanism of cellular endocytosis and its regulation in podocyte injury in the context of glomerular diseases. A thorough understanding of podocyte endocytosis may shed novel insights into its biological function in maintaining a functioning filter and offer potential targeted therapeutic strategies for proteinuric glomerular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Patricia Bunda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Shuta Ishibe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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11
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Shi Y, Berking A, Baade T, Legate KR, Fässler R, Hauck CR. PIP5KIγ90-generated phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate promotes the uptake of Staphylococcus aureus by host cells. Mol Microbiol 2021; 116:1249-1267. [PMID: 34519119 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive pathogen, invades cells mainly in an integrin-dependent manner. As the activity or conformation of several integrin-associated proteins can be regulated by phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI-4,5-P2 ), we investigated the roles of PI-4,5-P2 and PI-4,5-P2 -producing enzymes in cellular invasion by S. aureus. PI-4,5-P2 accumulated upon contact of S. aureus with the host cell, and targeting of an active PI-4,5-P2 phosphatase to the plasma membrane reduced bacterial invasion. Knockdown of individual phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinases revealed that phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase γ (PIP5KIγ) plays an important role in bacterial internalization. Specific ablation of the talin and FAK-binding motif in PIP5KIγ90 reduced bacterial invasion, which could be rescued by reexpression of an active, but not inactive PIP5KIγ90. Furthermore, PIP5KIγ90-deficient cells showed normal basal PI-4,5-P2 levels in the plasma membrane but reduced the accumulation of PI-4,5-P2 and talin at sites of S. aureus attachment and overall lower levels of FAK phosphorylation. These results highlight the importance of local synthesis of PI-4,5-P2 by a focal adhesion-associated lipid kinase for integrin-mediated internalization of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Shi
- Lehrstuhl für Zellbiologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Anne Berking
- Lehrstuhl für Zellbiologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Timo Baade
- Lehrstuhl für Zellbiologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | | | - Christof R Hauck
- Lehrstuhl für Zellbiologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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12
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Zhang W, Wang S, Yang C, Hu C, Chen D, Luo Q, He Z, Liao Y, Yao Y, Chen J, He J, Hu J, Xia T, Lin L, Shi A. LET-502/ROCK Regulates Endocytic Recycling by Promoting Activation of RAB-5 in a Distinct Subpopulation of Sorting Endosomes. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108173. [PMID: 32966783 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the mechanism of Rab5/RAB-5 activation during endocytic recycling, we perform a genome-wide RNAi screen and identify a recycling regulator, LET-502/ROCK. LET-502 preferentially interacts with RAB-5(GDP) and activates RABX-5 GEF activity toward RAB-5, presumably by disrupting the self-inhibiting conformation of RABX-5. Furthermore, we find that the concomitant loss of LET-502 and another CED-10 effector, TBC-2/RAB-5-GAP, results in an endosomal buildup of RAB-5, indicating that CED-10 directs TBC-2-mediated RAB-5 inactivation and re-activates RAB-5 via LET-502 afterward. Then, we compare the functional position of LET-502 with that of RME-6/RAB-5-GEF. Loss of LET-502-RABX-5 module or RME-6 leads to diminished RAB-5 presence in spatially distinct endosome groups. We conclude that in the intestine of C. elegans, RAB-5 resides in discrete endosome subpopulations. Under the oversight of CED-10, LET-502 synergizes with RABX-5 to revitalize RAB-5 on a subset of endosomes in the deep cytosol, ensuring the progress of basolateral recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, China; Department of Pathology, Maternal and Child Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, China
| | - Shimin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, China
| | - Can Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, China
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, China
| | - Yuhan Liao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, China
| | - Yuxin Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, China
| | - Junbo Hu
- Department of Pathology, Maternal and Child Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Informatics Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei, China
| | - Long Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, China.
| | - Anbing Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, China.
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13
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Wayt J, Cartagena-Rivera A, Dutta D, Donaldson JG, Waterman CM. Myosin II isoforms promote internalization of spatially distinct clathrin-independent endocytosis cargoes through modulation of cortical tension downstream of ROCK2. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 32:226-236. [PMID: 33326251 PMCID: PMC8098828 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-07-0480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the actomyosin cytoskeleton has been implicated in clathrin-mediated endocytosis, a clear requirement for actomyosin in clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) has not been demonstrated. We discovered that the Rho-associated kinase ROCK2 is required for CIE of MHCI and CD59 through promotion of myosin II activity. Myosin IIA promoted internalization of MHCI and myosin IIB drove CD59 uptake in both HeLa and polarized Caco2 intestinal epithelial cells. In Caco2 cells, myosin IIA localized to the basal cortex and apical brush border and mediated MHCI internalization from the basolateral domain, while myosin IIB localized at the basal cortex and apical cell–cell junctions and promoted CD59 uptake from the apical membrane. Atomic force microscopy demonstrated that myosin IIB mediated apical epithelial tension in Caco2 cells. Thus, specific cargoes are internalized by ROCK2-mediated activation of myosin II isoforms to mediate spatial regulation of CIE, possibly by modulation of local cortical tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wayt
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20814
| | - Alexander Cartagena-Rivera
- Section on Mechanobiology, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20814
| | - Dipannita Dutta
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Julie G Donaldson
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20814
| | - Clare M Waterman
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20814
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14
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Li S, Ghosh C, Xing Y, Sun Y. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Control of Membrane Trafficking. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2761-2774. [PMID: 33061794 PMCID: PMC7545710 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.49665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are membrane lipids generated by phosphorylation on the inositol head group of phosphatidylinositol. By specifically distributed to distinct subcellular membrane locations, different phosphoinositide species play diverse roles in modulating membrane trafficking. Among the seven known phosphoinositide species, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI4,5P2) is the one species most abundant at the plasma membrane. Thus, the PI4,5P2 function in membrane trafficking is first identified in controlling plasma membrane dynamic-related events including endocytosis and exocytosis. However, recent studies indicate that PI4,5P2 is also critical in many other membrane trafficking events such as endosomal trafficking, hydrolases sorting to lysosomes, autophagy initiation, and autophagic lysosome reformation. These findings suggest that the role of PI4,5P2 in membrane trafficking is far beyond just plasma membrane. This review will provide a concise synopsis of how PI4,5P2 functions in multiple membrane trafficking events. PI4,5P2, the enzymes responsible for PI4,5P2 production at specific subcellular locations, and distinct PI4,5P2 effector proteins compose a regulation network to control the specific membrane trafficking events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhua Li
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Chinmoy Ghosh
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Yanli Xing
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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15
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Pleiotropic Roles of Calmodulin in the Regulation of KRas and Rac1 GTPases: Functional Diversity in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103680. [PMID: 32456244 PMCID: PMC7279331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Calmodulin is a ubiquitous signalling protein that controls many biological processes due to its capacity to interact and/or regulate a large number of cellular proteins and pathways, mostly in a Ca2+-dependent manner. This complex interactome of calmodulin can have pleiotropic molecular consequences, which over the years has made it often difficult to clearly define the contribution of calmodulin in the signal output of specific pathways and overall biological response. Most relevant for this review, the ability of calmodulin to influence the spatiotemporal signalling of several small GTPases, in particular KRas and Rac1, can modulate fundamental biological outcomes such as proliferation and migration. First, direct interaction of calmodulin with these GTPases can alter their subcellular localization and activation state, induce post-translational modifications as well as their ability to interact with effectors. Second, through interaction with a set of calmodulin binding proteins (CaMBPs), calmodulin can control the capacity of several guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) to promote the switch of inactive KRas and Rac1 to an active conformation. Moreover, Rac1 is also an effector of KRas and both proteins are interconnected as highlighted by the requirement for Rac1 activation in KRas-driven tumourigenesis. In this review, we attempt to summarize the multiple layers how calmodulin can regulate KRas and Rac1 GTPases in a variety of cellular events, with biological consequences and potential for therapeutic opportunities in disease settings, such as cancer.
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16
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Abstract
Transcytosis of macromolecules through lung endothelial cells is the primary route of transport from the vascular compartment into the interstitial space. Endothelial transcytosis is mostly a caveolae-dependent process that combines receptor-mediated endocytosis, vesicle trafficking via actin-cytoskeletal remodeling, and SNARE protein directed vesicle fusion and exocytosis. Herein, we review the current literature on caveolae-mediated endocytosis, the role of actin cytoskeleton in caveolae stabilization at the plasma membrane, actin remodeling during vesicle trafficking, and exocytosis of caveolar vesicles. Next, we provide a concise summary of experimental methods employed to assess transcytosis. Finally, we review evidence that transcytosis contributes to the pathogenesis of acute lung injury. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:491-508, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H. Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Richard D. Minshall
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA,Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA,Correspondence to
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17
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Kloc M, Uosef A, Wosik J, Kubiak JZ, Ghobrial RM. RhoA Pathway and Actin Regulation of the Golgi/Centriole Complex. Results Probl Cell Differ 2019; 67:81-93. [PMID: 31435793 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23173-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In vertebrate cells, the Golgi apparatus is located in close proximity to the centriole. The architecture of the Golgi/centriole complex depends on a multitude of factors, including the actin filament cytoskeleton. In turn, both the Golgi and centriole act as the actin nucleation centers. Actin organization and polymerization also depend on the small GTPase RhoA pathway. In this chapter, we summarize the most current knowledge on how the genetic, magnetic, or pharmacologic interference with RhoA pathway and actin cytoskeleton directly or indirectly affects architecture, structure, and function of the Golgi/centriole complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Kloc
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Genetics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Ahmed Uosef
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jarek Wosik
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jacek Z Kubiak
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (WIHE), Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (WIHE), Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine, Cell Cycle Group, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, Univ Rennes, UMR 6290, CNRS, Rennes, France
| | - Rafik Mark Ghobrial
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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18
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Sandvig K, Kavaliauskiene S, Skotland T. Clathrin-independent endocytosis: an increasing degree of complexity. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 150:107-118. [PMID: 29774430 PMCID: PMC6096564 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This article aims at providing an update on the complexity of clathrin-independent endocytosis. It is now almost 30 years since we first wrote a review about its existence; at that time many people believed that with the exception of macropinocytosis, which will only be briefly mentioned in this review, all uptake could be accounted for by clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Now it is generally accepted that there are different clathrin-independent mechanisms, some of them regulated by ligands and membrane lipid composition. They can be both dynamin-dependent and -independent, meaning that the uptake cannot be accounted for by caveolae and other dynamin-dependent processes such as tubular structures that can be induced by toxins, e.g. Shiga toxin, or the fast endophilin mediated endocytosis recently described. Caveolae seem to be mostly quite stable structures with other functions than endocytosis, but evidence suggests that they may have cell-type dependent functions. Although several groups have been working on endocytic mechanisms for years, and new advanced methods have improved our ability to study mechanistic details, there are still a number of important questions we need to address, such as: How many endocytic mechanisms does a cell have? How quantitatively important are they? What about the complexity in polarized cells where clathrin-independent endocytosis is differentially regulated on the apical and basolateral poles? These questions are not easy to answer since one and the same molecule may contribute to more than one process, and manipulating one mechanism can affect another. Also, several inhibitors of endocytic processes commonly used turn out to be less specific than originally thought. We will here describe the current view of clathrin-independent endocytic processes and the challenges in studying them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Sandvig
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Simona Kavaliauskiene
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore Skotland
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Beer LA, Tatge H, Reich N, Tenspolde M, Olling A, Goy S, Rottner K, Alekov AK, Gerhard R. Early cell death induced by Clostridium difficile TcdB: Uptake and Rac1-glucosylation kinetics are decisive for cell fate. Cell Microbiol 2018; 20:e12865. [PMID: 29904993 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Toxin A and Toxin B (TcdA/TcdB) are large glucosyltransferases produced by Clostridium difficile. TcdB but not TcdA induces reactive oxygen species-mediated early cell death (ECD) when applied at high concentrations. We found that nonglucosylated Rac1 is essential for induction of ECD since inhibition of Rac1 impedes this effect. ECD only occurs when TcdB is rapidly endocytosed. This was shown by generation of chimeras using the trunk of TcdB from a hypervirulent strain. TcdB from hypervirulent strain has been described to translocate from endosomes at higher pH values and thus, meaning faster than reference type TcdB. Accordingly, intracellular delivery of the glucosyltransferase domain of reference TcdB by the trunk of TcdB from hypervirulent strain increased ECD. Furthermore, proton transporters such as sodium/proton exchanger (NHE) or the ClC-5 anion/proton exchanger, both of which contribute to endosomal acidification, also affected cytotoxic potency of TcdB: Specific inhibition of NHE reduced cytotoxicity, whereas transfection of cells with the endosomal anion/proton exchanger ClC-5 increased cytotoxicity of TcdB. Our data suggest that both the uptake rate of TcdB into the cytosol and the status of nonglucosylated Rac1 are key determinants that are decisive for whether ECD or delayed apoptosis is triggered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helma Tatge
- Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole Reich
- Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michel Tenspolde
- Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandra Olling
- Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Goy
- Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Braunschweig, Germany.,Molecular Cell Biology Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Gerhard
- Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Tebar F, Enrich C, Rentero C, Grewal T. GTPases Rac1 and Ras Signaling from Endosomes. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 57:65-105. [PMID: 30097772 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-96704-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The endocytic compartment is not only the functional continuity of the plasma membrane but consists of a diverse collection of intracellular heterogeneous complex structures that transport, amplify, sustain, and/or sort signaling molecules. Over the years, it has become evident that early, late, and recycling endosomes represent an interconnected vesicular-tubular network able to form signaling platforms that dynamically and efficiently translate extracellular signals into biological outcome. Cell activation, differentiation, migration, death, and survival are some of the endpoints of endosomal signaling. Hence, to understand the role of the endosomal system in signal transduction in space and time, it is therefore necessary to dissect and identify the plethora of decoders that are operational in the different steps along the endocytic pathway. In this chapter, we focus on the regulation of spatiotemporal signaling in cells, considering endosomes as central platforms, in which several small GTPases proteins of the Ras superfamily, in particular Ras and Rac1, actively participate to control cellular processes like proliferation and cell mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Tebar
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Rentero
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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