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Heo J, Choi SG. Procedure via cross-Kerr nonlinearities for encoding single logical qubit information onto four-photon decoherence-free states. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10423. [PMID: 34001956 PMCID: PMC8129554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89809-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We propose a photonic procedure using cross-Kerr nonlinearities (XKNLs) to encode single logical qubit information onto four-photon decoherence-free states. In quantum information processing, a decoherence-free subspace can secure quantum information against collective decoherence. Therefore, we design a procedure employing nonlinear optical gates, which are composed of XKNLs, quantum bus beams, and photon-number-resolving measurements with linear optical devices, to conserve quantum information by encoding quantum information onto four-photon decoherence-free states (single logical qubit information). Based on our analysis in quantifying the affection (photon loss and dephasing) of the decoherence effect, we demonstrate the experimental condition to acquire the reliable procedure of single logical qubit information having the robustness against the decoherence effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jino Heo
- Research Institute for Computer and Information Communication (RICIC), Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gon Choi
- Research Institute for Computer and Information Communication (RICIC), Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
- College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
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Heo J, Hong C, Kang MS, Yang HJ. Encoding scheme using quantum dots for single logical qubit information onto four-photon decoherence-free states. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15334. [PMID: 32948781 PMCID: PMC7501298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We designed an encoding scheme, using quantum dots (QDs), for single logical qubit information by encoding quantum information onto four-photon decoherence-free states to acquire immunity against collective decoherence. The designed scheme comprised of QDs, confined in single-sided cavities (QD-cavity systems), used for arbitrary quantum information, encoded onto four-photon decoherence-free states (logical qubits). For our scheme, which can generate the four-photon decoherence-free states, and can encode quantum information onto logical qubits, high efficiency and reliable performance of the interaction between the photons and QD-cavity systems is essential. Thus, through our analysis of the performance of QD-cavity systems under vacuum noise and sideband leakage, we demonstrate that the encoding scheme for single logical qubit information could be feasibly implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jino Heo
- Institute of Natural Science, Korea University, Sejong, 30091, Republic of Korea
| | - Changho Hong
- The Affiliated Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, P.O. Box 1, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34188, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sung Kang
- Korean Intellectual Property Office (KIPO), Government Complex Daejeon Building 4, 189, Cheongsa-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon, 35208, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jin Yang
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Sejong, 30091, Republic of Korea.
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Hong C, Heo J, Kang MS, Jang J, Yang HJ, Kwon D. Photonic scheme of quantum phase estimation for quantum algorithms via cross-Kerr nonlinearities under decoherence effect. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:31023-31041. [PMID: 31684343 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.031023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantum phase estimation (QPE) is the key procedure in various quantum algorithms. The main aim of the QPE scheme is to estimate the phase of an unknown eigenvalue, corresponding to an eigenstate of an arbitrary unitary operation. The QPE scheme can be applied as a subroutine to design many quantum algorithms. In this paper, we propose the basic structure of a QPE scheme that could be applied in quantum algorithms, with feasibility by utilizing cross-Kerr nonlinearities (controlled-unitary gates) and linearly optical devices. Subsequently, we analyze the efficiency and the performance of the controlled-unitary gate. This gate consists of a controlled-path gate and a merging-path gate via cross-Kerr nonlinearities under the decoherence effect. Also shown in this paper is a method by which to enhance robustness against the decoherence effect to provide a reliable QPE scheme based on controlled-unitary gates.
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Heo J, Hong C, Choi SG, Hong JP. Scheme for generation of three-photon entangled W state assisted by cross-Kerr nonlinearity and quantum dot. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10151. [PMID: 31300664 PMCID: PMC6626062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We represent an optical scheme using cross-Kerr nonlinearities (XKNLs) and quantum dot (QD) within a single-sided optical cavity (QD-cavity system) to generate three-photon entangled W state containing entanglement against loss of one photon of them. To generate W state (three-photon) with robust entanglement against loss of one photon, we utilize effects of optical nonlinearities in XKNLs (as quantum controlled operations) and QD-cavity system (as a parity operation) with linearly optical devices. In our scheme, the nonlinear (XKNL) gate consists of weak XKNLs, quantum bus beams, and photon-number-resolving measurement to realize controlled-unitary gate between two photons while another nonlinear (QD) gate employs interactions of photons and an electron of QD confined within a single-sided optical cavity for implementation of parity gate. Subsequently, for the efficiency and experimental feasibility of our scheme generating W state, we analyze the immunity of the controlled-unitary gate using XKNLs against decoherence effect and reliable performance of parity gate using QD-cavity system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jino Heo
- College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Changho Hong
- Base Technology Division, National Security Research Institute, P.O. Box 1, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34188, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gon Choi
- College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Phil Hong
- College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
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Kang MS, Heo J, Choi SG, Moon S, Han SW. Implementation of SWAP test for two unknown states in photons via cross-Kerr nonlinearities under decoherence effect. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6167. [PMID: 30992536 PMCID: PMC6468003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42662-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an optical scheme for a SWAP test (controlled swap operation) that can determine whether the difference between two unknown states (photons) using cross-Kerr nonlinearities (XKNLs). The SWAP test, based on quantum fingerprinting, has been widely applied to various quantum information processing (QIP) schemes. Thus, for a reliable QIP scheme, it is important to implement a scheme for a SWAP test that is experimentally feasible. Here, we utilize linearly and nonlinearly optical (XKNLs) gates to design a scheme for a SWAP test. We also analyze the efficiency and the performance of nonlinearly optical gates in our scheme under the decoherence effect and exhibit a technique employing quantum bus beams and photon-number-resolving measurements to reduce the effect of photon loss and dephasing caused by the decoherence effect. Consequently, our scheme, which is designed using linearly optical devices and XKNLs (nonlinear optics), can feasibly operate the nearly deterministic SWAP test with high efficiency, in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Sung Kang
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jino Heo
- College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Gon Choi
- College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Moon
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Han
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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Heo J, Kang MS, Hong CH, Hong JP, Choi SG. Preparation of quantum information encoded on three-photon decoherence-free states via cross-Kerr nonlinearities. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13843. [PMID: 30218095 PMCID: PMC6138704 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a scheme to encode quantum information (single logical qubit information) into three-photon decoherence-free states, which can conserve quantum information from collective decoherence, via nonlinearly optical gates (using cross-Kerr nonlinearities: XKNLs) and linearly optical devices. For the preparation of the decoherence-free state, the nonlinearly optical gates (multi-photon gates) consist of weak XKNLs, quantum bus (qubus) beams, and photon-number-resolving (PNR) measurement. Then, by using a linearly optical device, quantum information can be encoded on three-photon decoherence-free state prepared. Subsequently, by our analysis, we show that the nonlinearly optical gates using XKNLs, qubus beams, and PNR measurement are robust against the decoherence effect (photon loss and dephasing) in optical fibers. Consequently, our scheme can be experimentally implemented to efficiently generate three-photon decoherence-free state encoded quantum information, in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jino Heo
- College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sung Kang
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Hong
- Base Technology Division, National Security Research Institute, P.O. Box 1, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34188, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Phil Hong
- College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gon Choi
- College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
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Hong CH, Heo J, Kang MS, Jang J, Yang HJ. Optical scheme for generating hyperentanglement having photonic qubit and time-bin via quantum dot and cross-Kerr nonlinearity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2566. [PMID: 29416070 PMCID: PMC5803275 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19970-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We design an optical scheme to generate hyperentanglement correlated with degrees of freedom (DOFs) via quantum dots (QDs), weak cross-Kerr nonlinearities (XKNLs), and linearly optical apparatuses (including time-bin encoders). For generating hyperentanglement having its own correlations for two DOFs (polarization and time-bin) on two photons, we employ the effects of optical nonlinearities using a QD (photon-electron), a parity gate (XKNLs), and time-bin encodings (linear optics). In our scheme, the first nonlinear multi-qubit gate utilizes the interactions between photons and an electron of QD confined in a single-sided cavity, and the parity gate (second gate) uses weak XKNLs, quantum bus, and photon-number-resolving measurement to entangle the polarizations of two photons. Finally, for efficiency in generating hyperentanglement and for the experimental implementation of this scheme, we discuss how the QD-cavity system can be performed reliably, and also discuss analysis of the immunity of the parity gate (XKNLs) against the decoherence effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ho Hong
- Base Technology Division, National Security Research Institute, P.O. Box 1, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34188, Republic of Korea
| | - Jino Heo
- College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Sung Kang
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingak Jang
- Base Technology Division, National Security Research Institute, P.O. Box 1, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34188, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Yang
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Sejong, 339-700, Republic of Korea
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Heo J, Hong CH, Kang MS, Yang H, Yang HJ, Hong JP, Choi SG. Implementation of controlled quantum teleportation with an arbitrator for secure quantum channels via quantum dots inside optical cavities. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14905. [PMID: 29097727 PMCID: PMC5668345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14515-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a controlled quantum teleportation scheme to teleport an unknown state based on the interactions between flying photons and quantum dots (QDs) confined within single- and double-sided cavities. In our scheme, users (Alice and Bob) can teleport the unknown state through a secure entanglement channel under the control and distribution of an arbitrator (Trent). For construction of the entanglement channel, Trent utilizes the interactions between two photons and the QD-cavity system, which consists of a charged QD (negatively charged exciton) inside a single-sided cavity. Subsequently, Alice can teleport the unknown state of the electron spin in a QD inside a double-sided cavity to Bob's electron spin in a QD inside a single-sided cavity assisted by the channel information from Trent. Furthermore, our scheme using QD-cavity systems is feasible with high fidelity, and can be experimentally realized with current technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jino Heo
- College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ho Hong
- National Security Research Institute, P.O. Box 1, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34188, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sung Kang
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Yang
- College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jin Yang
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Sejong, 339-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Phil Hong
- College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gon Choi
- College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
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