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Dobrek L, Głowacka K. Depression and Its Phytopharmacotherapy-A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054772. [PMID: 36902200 PMCID: PMC10003400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a mental health disorder that develops as a result of complex psycho-neuro-immuno-endocrinological disturbances. This disease presents with mood disturbances, persistent sadness, loss of interest and impaired cognition, which causes distress to the patient and significantly affects the ability to function and have a satisfying family, social and professional life. Depression requires comprehensive management, including pharmacological treatment. Because pharmacotherapy of depression is a long-term process associated with the risk of numerous adverse drug effects, much attention is paid to alternative therapy methods, including phytopharmacotherapy, especially in treating mild or moderate depression. Preclinical studies and previous clinical studies confirm the antidepressant activity of active compounds in plants, such as St. John's wort, saffron crocus, lemon balm and lavender, or less known in European ethnopharmacology, roseroot, ginkgo, Korean ginseng, borage, brahmi, mimosa tree and magnolia bark. The active compounds in these plants exert antidepressive effects in similar mechanisms to those found in synthetic antidepressants. The description of phytopharmacodynamics includes inhibiting monoamine reuptake and monoamine oxidase activity and complex, agonistic or antagonistic effects on multiple central nervous system (CNS) receptors. Moreover, it is noteworthy that the anti-inflammatory effect is also important to the antidepressant activity of the plants mentioned above in light of the hypothesis that immunological disorders of the CNS are a significant pathogenetic factor of depression. This narrative review results from a traditional, non-systematic literature review. It briefly discusses the pathophysiology, symptomatology and treatment of depression, with a particular focus on the role of phytopharmacology in its treatment. It provides the mechanisms of action revealed in experimental studies of active ingredients isolated from herbal antidepressants and presents the results of selected clinical studies confirming their antidepressant effectiveness.
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Coutens B, Yrondi A, Rampon C, Guiard BP. Psychopharmacological properties and therapeutic profile of the antidepressant venlafaxine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:2735-2752. [PMID: 35947166 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06203-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Major depression (MD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders worldwide. Currently, the first-line treatment for MD targets the serotonin system but these drugs, notably the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, usually need 4 to 6 weeks before the benefit is felt and a significant proportion of patients shows an unsatisfactory response. Numerous treatments have been developed to circumvent these issues as venlafaxine, a mixed serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor that binds and blocks both the SERT and NET transporters. Despite this pharmacological profile, it is difficult to have a valuable insight into its ability to produce more robust efficacy than single-acting agents. In this review, we provide an in-depth characterization of the pharmacological properties of venlafaxine from in vitro data to preclinical and clinical efficacy in depressed patients and animal models of depression to propose an indirect comparison with the most common antidepressants. Preclinical studies show that the antidepressant effect of venlafaxine is often associated with an enhancement of serotonergic neurotransmission at low doses. High doses of venlafaxine, which elicit a concomitant increase in 5-HT and NE tone, is associated with changes in different forms of plasticity in discrete brain areas. In particular, the hippocampus appears to play a crucial role in venlafaxine-mediated antidepressant effects notably by regulating processes such as adult hippocampal neurogenesis or the excitatory/inhibitory balance. Overall, depending on the dose used, venlafaxine shows a high efficacy on depressive-like symptoms in relevant animal models but to the same extent as common antidepressants. However, these data are counterbalanced by a lower tolerance. In conclusion, venlafaxine appears to be one of the most effective treatments for treatment of major depression. Still, direct comparative studies are warranted to provide definitive conclusions about its superiority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basile Coutens
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine Yrondi
- Département de psychiatrie, CHU Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, ToNIC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Rampon
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno P Guiard
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31000, Toulouse, France.
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Jahan S, Redhu NS, Siddiqui AJ, Iqbal D, Khan J, Banawas S, Alaidarous M, Alshehri B, Mir SA, Adnan M, Pant AB. Nobiletin as a Neuroprotectant against NMDA Receptors: An In Silico Approach. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061123. [PMID: 35745697 PMCID: PMC9229780 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Excitotoxicity is a type of neurodegenerative disorder. It caused by excessive glutamate receptor activation, which leads to neuronal malfunction and fatality. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are found in glutamatergic neurons, and their excessive activation is primarily responsible for excitotoxicity. They are activated by both glutamate binding and postsynaptic depolarization, facilitating Ca2+ entry upon activation. Therefore, they are now widely acknowledged as being essential targets for excitotoxicity issues. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analyses have demonstrated that nobiletin efficiently targets the binding pocket of the NMDA receptor protein and exhibits stable dynamic behavior at the binding site. In this study, five potential neuroprotectants, nobiletin, silibinin, ononin, ginkgolide B, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), were screened against the glutamate NMDA receptors in humans via computational methods. An in silico ADMET study was also performed, to predict the pharmacokinetics and toxicity profile for the expression of good drug-like behavior and a non-toxic nature. It was revealed that nobiletin fulfills the criteria for all of the drug-likeness rules (Veber, Lipinski, Ghose, Muegge, and Egan) and has neither PAINS nor structural alerts (Brenks). In conclusion, nobiletin demonstrated a possible promising neuroprotectant activities compared to other selected phytochemicals. Further, it can be evaluated in the laboratory for promising therapeutic approaches for in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Jahan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (D.I.); (J.K.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (B.A.); (S.A.M.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +966-500590133
| | - Neeru Singh Redhu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India;
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia; (A.J.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (D.I.); (J.K.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (B.A.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Johra Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (D.I.); (J.K.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (B.A.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Saeed Banawas
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (D.I.); (J.K.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (B.A.); (S.A.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Mohammed Alaidarous
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (D.I.); (J.K.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (B.A.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Bader Alshehri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (D.I.); (J.K.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (B.A.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Shabir Ahmad Mir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (D.I.); (J.K.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (B.A.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia; (A.J.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Aditya Bhushan Pant
- System Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No. 80, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India;
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Emerging application of metabolomics on Chinese herbal medicine for depressive disorder. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111866. [PMID: 34225013 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorder is a kind of emotional disorder that is mainly manifested with spontaneous and persistent low mood. Its etiology is complex and still not fully understood. Metabolomics, an important part of system biology characterized by its integrity and systematicness, analyzes endogenous metabolites of small molecules in vivo and examines the metabolic status of the organism. It is widely used in the field of disease research for its unique advantage in the disease molecular marker discovering Due to fewer adverse reactions and high safety, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has great advantages in the treatment of chronic diseases including depression. Metabolomics has been gradually applied to the efficacy evaluation of CHM in treatment of depression and the metabolomics analysis exhibits a systemic metabolic shift in amino acids (such as alanine, glutamic acid, valine, etc.), organic acids (lactic acid, citric acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, etc.), and sugars, amines, etc. These differential metabolites are mainly involved in energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, etc. In this review, we have exemplified the study of CHM in animals or clinics on the depression, and revealed that CHM treatment has significantly changed the metabolic disorders associated with depression, promoting metabolic network reorganization through restoring of key metabolites, and metabolic pathways, which may be the main mechanism basis of CHM's treatment on depression. Besides, we further envisioned the future application of metabolomics in the study of CHM treatment of depression.
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Wang X, Lu G, Liu X, Li J, Zhao F, Li K. Assessment of Phytochemicals and Herbal Formula for the Treatment of Depression through Metabolomics. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:840-854. [PMID: 33001005 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201001125124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a widespread and persistent psychiatric disease. Due to various side effects and no curative treatments of conventional antidepressant drugs, botanical medicines have attracted considerable attention as a complementary and alternative approach. The pathogenesis of depression is quite complicated and unclear. Metabolomics is a promising new technique for the discovery of novel biomarkers for exploring the potential mechanisms of diverse diseases and assessing the therapeutic effects of drugs. In this article, we systematically reviewed the study of botanical medicine for the treatment of depression using metabolomics over a period from 2010 to 2019. Additionally, we summarized the potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways associated with herbal medicine treatment for depression. Through a comprehensive evaluation of herbal medicine as novel antidepressants and understanding of their pharmacomechanisms, a new perspective on expanding the application of botanical medicines for the treatment of depression is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Guanyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jinhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Kefeng Li
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92103, United States
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Prolonged chronic social defeat stress promotes less resilience and higher uniformity in depression-like behaviors in adult male mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 553:107-113. [PMID: 33765554 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) is widely applied to study of depression in rodents. 10-day CSDS was a most commonly employed paradigm but with high resilience ratio (∼30%), producing potential variation in depression-like behavioral symptoms. Whether prolonged period (21 days) of CSDS would promote less resilience and reduce behavioral variability remains unknown. We applied 10-day and 21-day CSDS paradigms to induce mouse model of depression and compared their resilience ratio and behavioral phenotypes. Mice under 21-day CSDS had significantly lower resilience ratio and greater changes in behavioral indicators relative to mice under 10-day CSDS. Behavioral indicators from 21-day CSDS paradigm had higher correlations and better prediction for susceptibility which indicating higher uniformity in behavioral phenotypes. Furthermore, a subset of behavioral indicators in 21-day CSDS had high prediction efficacy and should be first applied to screen susceptibility of CSDS. Thus, our study demonstrates that 21-day CSDS is a more robust paradigm inducing reliable depression-like behaviors relative to 10-day CSDS, and should be preferentially used in rodent studies of depression.
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CD36 deficiency affects depressive-like behaviors possibly by modifying gut microbiota and the inflammasome pathway in mice. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:16. [PMID: 33414380 PMCID: PMC7791141 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both inflammatory processes and gut microbiota have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders. The class B scavenger receptor CD36 is involved in the cytotoxicity associated with inflammation. However, its role in depression has not yet been examined. In this study, we investigated whether CD36 affects depression by modulating the microbiota-gut-inflammasome-brain axis. We used CD36-/- (knockout) mice subjected to chronic social defeat stress, and measured the expression of CD36 in these depressed mice and in patients with depression. The hippocampus of CD36-/- mice was used to investigate changes in the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway. The 16S rRNA gene sequence-based approach was used to compare the cecal microbial communities in CD36-/- and WT mice. The CD36 deficiency in CD36-/- mice alleviated chronic stress-induced depression-like behaviors. CD36 was upregulated in depressed mice as well as in depressed patients. Furthermore, the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway was downregulated in the hippocampus of CD36-/- mice. The Simpson Diversity Index revealed increased cecal bacterial alpha-diversity in the CD36-/- mice. Among genera, Bacteroides, Rikenella, and Alloprevotella were significantly more abundant in the CD36-/- mice, whereas Allobaculum was less abundant, consistent with the attenuated inflammation in the hippocampus of CD36-/- mice. Our findings suggest that CD36 deficiency changes the gut microbiota composition, which in turn may impact depressive-like behaviors by affecting the inflammasome pathway.
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Song R, Bai Y, Li X, Zhu J, Zhang H, Shi Y, Li K, Wang B, Zhang H, Yang Y, Zhang Z. Plasma Circular RNA DYM Related to Major Depressive Disorder and Rapid Antidepressant Effect Treated by Visual Cortical Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. J Affect Disord 2020; 274:486-493. [PMID: 32663980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced plasma circular RNA DYM (circDYM) has been detected in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Mechanism research has demonstrated that circDYM, acting as a microRNA-9 sponge, suppressed microglial activation by increasing Heat Shock Protein 90 ubiquitination, indicating that circDYM could be a potential biomarker of MDD. METHODS Thirty-two normal controls (NCs) and 60 MDD patients were recruited. Enrolled patients were randomly allocated to the real or sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) group, followed by continuous five-day visual cortical rTMS or sham treatment. All participants underwent multidimensional neuropsychological assessments and detection of circDYM levels. RESULTS Initial scores on all emotional and psychosocial assessments in MDD were significantly different from those of NCs. As compared with the NC group, baseline plasma circDYM levels in MDD patients decreased remarkably (p=0.030) and showed significant positive correlations with the scores of the 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (r=0.318, p=0.031) and retardation subscale (r=0.323, p=0.029). The increase in circDYM was noteworthy after rTMS (p=0.006), while downregulation with no statistical significance was observed after sham treatment (p=0.170). LIMITATIONS It was not estimated on the correlation between plasma circDYM levels and long-term efficacy of rTMS. The mechanism of upregulated circDYM expression in response to visual cortical rTMS remained unrevealed, and the sample size was relatively small. CONCLUSIONS This study verified the reduced circDYM levels in MDD patients, and further determined the upregulated circDYM expression after rTMS treatment, revealing the potential of circDYM as a biomarker for MDD diagnosis and antidepressant effect of visual cortical rTMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruize Song
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianrui Li
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Jianli Zhu
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China; Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Yachen Shi
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Bi Wang
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Haisan Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China; Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China.
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Wang T, Bai S, Wang W, Chen Z, Chen J, Liang Z, Qi X, Shen H, Xie P. Diterpene Ginkgolides Exert an Antidepressant Effect Through the NT3-TrkA and Ras-MAPK Pathways. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:1279-1294. [PMID: 32308365 PMCID: PMC7132272 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s229145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Depression is a highly prevalent mental illness that severely impacts the quality of life of affected individuals. Our recent studies demonstrated that diterpene ginkgolides (DG) have antidepressant effects in mice. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remained much unclear. Methods In this study, we assessed the antidepressant effects of chronic DG therapy in rats by evaluating depression-related behaviors, we also examined potential side effects using biochemical indicators. Furthermore, we performed an in-depth molecular network analysis of gene–protein–metabolite interactions on the basis of metabolomics. Results Chronic DG treatment significantly ameliorated the depressive-like behavioral phenotype. Furthermore, the neurotrophin signaling-related NT3-TrkA and Ras-MAPK pathways may play an important role in the antidepressant effect of DG in the hippocampus. Conclusion These findings provide novel insight into the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant action of DG, and should help advance the development of new therapeutic strategies for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunjie Bai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihong Liang
- Department of Neurology, The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Xunzhong Qi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailan Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Pigment epithelium-derived factor alleviates depressive-like behaviors in mice by modulating adult hippocampal synaptic growth and Wnt pathway. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 98:109792. [PMID: 31676463 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF, also known as SERPINF1) is a secreted glycoprotein with neuroprotective effects. However, the potential role of PEDF in major depressive disorder (MDD) remains largely unknown. Here, applying two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) proteomics, we found that PEDF levels were significantly decreased in the plasma of 12 first-episode treatment-naïve MDD patients (FETND) compared to the levels in 12 healthy controls (HCs). PEDF levels were especially lower in MDD patients than in HCs and patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SCZ), and elevated PEDF were consistent with decreased HAM-D scores in patients given antidepressant therapy (ADT). Animal research indicated that PEDF was decreased in the periphery and hippocampus of two well-known depression rodent models (the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rat model and chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) mouse model). Decreased PEDF levels in the hippocampus led to depressive-like behaviors, synaptic impairments and aberrant Wnt signaling in C57BL mice, while increased PEDF resulted in the opposite results. Mechanistic studies indicated that PEDF contributes to dendritic growth and Wnt signaling activation in the hippocampus of adult mice. Taken together, the results of our study demonstrate the involvement of PEDF and its related mechanism in depression, thus providing translational evidence suggesting that PEDF may be a novel therapeutic target for depression.
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Wang W, Wang T, Bai S, Chen Z, Qi X, Xie P. Dl-3-n-butylphthalide attenuates mouse behavioral deficits to chronic social defeat stress by regulating energy metabolism via AKT/CREB signaling pathway. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:49. [PMID: 32066705 PMCID: PMC7026059 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0731-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe mental disorder associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Current first-line pharmacotherapies for MDD are based on enhancement of monoaminergic neurotransmission, but these antidepressants are still insufficient and produce significant side-effects. Consequently, the development of novel antidepressants and therapeutic targets is desired. Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) is a compound with proven efficacy in treating ischemic stroke, yet its therapeutic effects and mechanisms for depression remain unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of NBP in a chronic social defeat stress model of depression and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we examined depression-related behavior and performed a targeted metabolomics analysis. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to examine key genes and proteins involved in energy metabolism and the AKT/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway. Our results reveal NBP attenuates stress-induced social deficits, anxiety-like behavior and despair behavior, and alters metabolite levels of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle components. NBP affected gene expression of key enzymes of the TCA cycle, as well as protein expression of p-AKT and p-CREB. Our findings provide the first evidence showing that NBP can attenuate stress-induced behavioral deficits by modulating energy metabolism by regulating activation of the AKT/CREB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- grid.452206.7NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China ,0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China ,grid.452206.7Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- grid.452206.7NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China ,0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China ,0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shunjie Bai
- grid.452206.7NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China ,0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China ,grid.452206.7Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- grid.452206.7NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China ,0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xunzhong Qi
- grid.452206.7NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China ,0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Chongqing, China.
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12
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Chen JJ, Xie J, Zeng BH, Li WW, Bai SJ, Zhou C, Chen W, Wei H, Xie P. Absence of gut microbiota affects lipid metabolism in the prefrontal cortex of mice. Neurol Res 2019; 41:1104-1112. [PMID: 31587617 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2019.1675021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Lipid metabolism is closely associated with many important biological functions. Here, we conducted this study to explore the effects of gut microbiota on the lipid metabolism in the prefrontal cortex of mice. Methods: Germ-free (GF) mice, specific pathogen-free (SPF) and colonized GF (CGF) mice were used in this study. The open field test (OFT), forced swimming test (FST) and novelty suppressed feeding test (NSFT) were conducted to assess the changes in general behavioral activity. The liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to obtain the lipid metabolites. Both one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to obtain the key differential lipid metabolites. Results: The behavioral tests showed that compared to SPF mice, GF mice had more center distance, more center time, less immobility time and less latency to familiar food. Meanwhile, 142 key differential lipid metabolites between SPF mice and GF mice were identified. These lipid metabolites mainly belonged to glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids, sphingolipids, and saccharolipids. The gut microbiota colonization did not reverse these changed behavioral phenotypes, but could restore 25 key differential lipid metabolites. Discussion: These results showed that the absence of gut microbiota could influence host behaviors and lipid metabolism. Our findings could provide original and valuable data for future studies to further investigate the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center , Chongqing , China
| | - Ben-Hua Zeng
- The Engineering Technology Research Center for Germ-free and Genome-editing animal; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Wen-Wen Li
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Shun-Jie Bai
- Department of Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Chanjun Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Wei Chen
- Shanghai Applied Protein Technology Co. Ltd , Shanghai , China
| | - Hong Wei
- The Engineering Technology Research Center for Germ-free and Genome-editing animal; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Peng Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
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Liang ZH, Jia YB, Li ZR, Li M, Wang ML, Yun YL, Yu LJ, Shi L, Zhu RX. Urinary biomarkers for diagnosing poststroke depression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:1379-1386. [PMID: 31496775 PMCID: PMC6698178 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s215187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression can seriously affect the quality of life of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients after stroke. However, there were still no objective methods to diagnose T2DM patients with poststroke depression (PSD). Therefore, we conducted this study to deal with this problem. METHODS Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS)-based metabolomics profiling method was used to profile the urinary metabolites from 83 nondepressed T2DM patients after stroke and 101 T2DM patients with PSD. The orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis was conducted to explore the metabolic differences in T2DM patients with PSD. The logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the optimal and simplified biomarker panel for diagnosing T2DM patients with PSD. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to assess the diagnostic performance of this biomarker panel. RESULTS In total, 23 differential metabolites (7 decreased and 16 increased in T2DM patients with PSD) were found. A panel consisting of pseudouridine, malic acid, hypoxanthine, 3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid, fructose and inositol was identified. This panel could effectively separate T2DM patients with PSD from nondepressed T2DM patients after stroke. The area under the curve was 0.965 in the training set and 0.909 in the validation set. Meanwhile, we found that the galactose metabolism was significantly affected in T2DM patients with PSD. CONCLUSION Our results could be helpful for future development of an objective method to diagnose T2DM patients with PSD and provide novel ideas to study the pathogenesis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hong Liang
- Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People’s Hospital, Huhhot, InnerMongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Bo Jia
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, InnerMongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi-Ru Li
- Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People’s Hospital, Huhhot, InnerMongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People’s Hospital, Huhhot, InnerMongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei-Ling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People’s Hospital, Huhhot, InnerMongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Li Yun
- Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People’s Hospital, Huhhot, InnerMongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Jun Yu
- Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People’s Hospital, Huhhot, InnerMongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People’s Hospital, Huhhot, InnerMongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Run-Xiu Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People’s Hospital, Huhhot, InnerMongolia, People’s Republic of China
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Liang ZH, Jia YB, Wang ML, Li ZR, Li M, Yun YL, Zhu RX. Efficacy of ginkgo biloba extract as augmentation of venlafaxine in treating post-stroke depression. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:2551-2557. [PMID: 31564880 PMCID: PMC6731991 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s215191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-stroke depression (PSD) is one of the most common psychiatric diseases afflicting stroke survivors. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of ginkgo biloba extract as augmentation of venlafaxine in treating PSD. METHODS The included PSD patients were randomly assigned into the experiment group (receiving ginkgo biloba extract plus venlafaxine) and control group (receiving venlafaxine alone). The treatment was continued for eight weeks. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to assess the depressive symptoms. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to assess the neurological defect, and the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) was used to assess recovery of abilities of patients after stroke. Meanwhile, the levels of serum 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured before and after treatment. The dose of venlafaxine used and adverse events were also recorded. RESULTS Each group had 40 PSD patients. After treatment, the depressive symptoms, neurological defect and living function were significantly improved in both groups. But the patients receiving ginkgo biloba extract plus venlafaxine had the significantly lower average HDRS score (p=0.0008), SDS score (p<0.00001), NIHSS score (p=0.00001), and higher average ADL score (p=0.0005). Meanwhile, compared to the control group, patients in the experiment group had the significantly higher 5-HT (p<0.00001) level and BDNF level (p<0.00001), needed lower dose of venlafaxine (p=0.007), and experienced fewer adverse events. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that the ginkgo biloba extract was a good augmentation of venlafaxine in treating PSD and should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hong Liang
- Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Bo Jia
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Ling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Ru Li
- Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Li Yun
- Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Run-Xiu Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
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15
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Chen Z, Bai S, Hu Q, Shen P, Wang T, Liang Z, Wang W, Qi X, Xie P. Ginkgo biloba extract and its diterpene ginkgolide constituents ameliorate the metabolic disturbances caused by recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in rat prefrontal cortex. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:1755-1772. [PMID: 30013348 PMCID: PMC6037272 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s167448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is a widely used therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke, rtPA-induced toxicity or its adverse effects have been reported in our previous studies. However, Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) may provide neuroprotective effects against rtPA-induced toxicity. Thus, in the present study, we investigated whether a single administration of rtPA caused neurotoxicity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of rats and determined whether GBE or its diterpene ginkgolide (DG) constituents were neuroprotective against any rtPA-induced toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS We randomly divided adult Sprague-Dawley rats into four groups that were intravenously administered saline, rtPA, rtPA+DG, or rtPA+GBE. The rats were sacrificed 24 hours later and the whole brain removed. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomic approach was used to detect molecular changes in the PFC among the groups. Multivariate statistical and pathway analyses were used to determine the relevant metabolites as well as their functions and pathways. RESULTS We found 32 metabolites differentially altered in the four groups that were primarily involved in neurotransmitter, amino acid, energy, lipid, and nucleotide metabolism. Our results indicated that a single rtPA administration caused metabolic disturbances in the PFC. Both GBE and DG effectively ameliorated these rtPA-induced disturbances, although DG better controlled the rtPA-induced glutamate and aspartate excitotoxicity and the activation of NMDA receptor. CONCLUSION Our results provide important novel mechanistic insights into the adverse effects of rtPA and offer directions for future exploration on the thrombolytic effects of rtPA combined with the administration of DG or GBE for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Shunjie Bai
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
| | - Qingchuan Hu
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
| | - Peng Shen
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
| | - Ting Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
| | - Zihong Liang
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
- Department of Neurology, The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China,
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xunzhong Qi
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
- Department of Neurology, The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China,
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Bai S, Hu Q, Chen Z, Liang Z, Wang W, Shen P, Wang T, Wang H, Xie P. Brain region-specific metabolite networks regulate antidepressant effects of venlafaxine. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08726h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Administration of venlafaxine significantly altered the metabolic profiles of both the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex and the altered metabolites had significant brain region specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunjie Bai
- Department of Neurology
- Yongchuan Hospital
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 402460
- China
| | - Qingchuan Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology
- Chongqing
- China
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science
- Chongqing Medical University
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Neurology
- Yongchuan Hospital
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 402460
- China
| | - Zihong Liang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology
- Chongqing
- China
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science
- Chongqing Medical University
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology
- Yongchuan Hospital
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 402460
- China
| | - Peng Shen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology
- Chongqing
- China
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science
- Chongqing Medical University
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Neurology
- Yongchuan Hospital
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 402460
- China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology
- Chongqing
- China
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science
- Chongqing Medical University
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology
- Yongchuan Hospital
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 402460
- China
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