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Wang J, Yao W, Li J, Zhang Q, Wei L. Circ_0001944 depletion inhibits glycolysis and esophageal cancer progression by binding to miR-338-5p to reduce PDK1 expression. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2024; 56:73-85. [PMID: 37999809 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-023-09988-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) plays multiple roles in the development of esophageal cancer (EC). Herein, we investigate the function of circ_0001944 in EC progression and the related mechanism. Expression of circ_0001944, microRNA-338-5p (miR-338-5p), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1), E-cadherin and N-cadherin was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting or immunohistochemistry assay. Cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration were investigated by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), flow cytometry, transwell invasion and wound-healing assays, respectively. Glucose consumption was detected by Glucose Assay Kit. Lactate production was analyzed by Lactate Assay Kit. ATP/ADP ratio was determined by ADP/ATP ratio Assay Kit. The associations among circ_0001944, miR-338-5p and PDK1 were identified by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays. Xenograft mouse model assay was used to explore the role of circ_0001944 on tumor tumorigenesis in vivo. Circ_0001944 and PDK1 expression were significantly upregulated, while miR-338-5p was downregulated in EC tissues and cells in contrast with normal esophageal tissues and cells. Circ_0001944 knockdown inhibited EC cell proliferation, invasion, migration and glycolysis but induced apoptosis. Meanwhile, circ_0001944 depletion suppressed tumor tumorigenesis in vivo. Mechanistically, circ_0001944 bound to miR-338-5p, and miR-338-5p targeted PDK1. In addition, miR-338-5p inhibitors attenuated circ_0001944 depletion-induced effects in EC cells. The regulation of miR-338-5p on EC progression involved the downregulation of PDK1. Further, circ_0001944 controlled PDK1 expression through miR-338-5p. Circ_0001944 knockdown inhibited EC development and glycolysis by regulating the miR-338-5p/PDK1 pathway, providing a promising target for EC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou City, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Wenjian Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou City, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Jiwei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou City, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou City, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou City, Henan, 450003, China.
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2
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Huang J, Meng Q, Liu R, Li H, Li Y, Yang Z, Wang Y, Wanyan C, Yang X, Wei J. The development of radioresistant oral squamous carcinoma cell lines and identification of radiotherapy-related biomarkers. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:3006-3020. [PMID: 37029240 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), radiation resistance remains an important obstacle to patient outcomes. Progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of radioresistance has been limited by research models that do not fully recapitulate the biological features of solid tumors. In this study, we aimed to develop novel in vitro models to investigate the underlying basis of radioresistance in OSCC and to identify novel biomarkers. METHODS Parental OSCC cells (SCC9 and CAL27) were repeatedly exposed to ionizing radiation to develop isogenic radioresistant cell lines. We characterized the phenotypic differences between the parental and radioresistant cell lines. RNA sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and bioinformatics analysis identified candidate molecules that may be related to OSCC radiotherapy. RESULTS Two isogenic radioresistant cell lines for OSCC were successfully established. The radioresistant cells displayed a radioresistant phenotype when compared to the parental cells. Two hundred and sixty DEGs were co-expressed in SCC9-RR and CAL27-RR, and thirty-eight DEGs were upregulated or downregulated in both cell lines. The associations between the overall survival (OS) of OSCC patients and the identified genes were analyzed using data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. A total of six candidate genes (KCNJ2, CLEC18C, P3H3, PIK3R3, SERPINE1, and TMC8) were closely associated with prognosis. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the utility of constructing isogenic cell models to investigate the molecular changes associated with radioresistance. Six genes were identified based on the data from the radioresistant cells that may be potential targets in the treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Huang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Qingzhe Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- School of Stomatology, Heilongjiang Key Lab of Oral Biomedicine Materials and Clinical Application & Experimental Center for Stomatology Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154000, China
| | - Rong Liu
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Huan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yahui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zihui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chaojie Wanyan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xinjie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Jianhua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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3
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An L, Li M, Jia Q. Mechanisms of radiotherapy resistance and radiosensitization strategies for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:140. [PMID: 37598158 PMCID: PMC10439611 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01839-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the sixth most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with more than half of them occurred in China. Radiotherapy (RT) has been widely used for treating ESCC. However, radiation-induced DNA damage response (DDR) can promote the release of cytokines and chemokines, and triggers inflammatory reactions and changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME), thereby inhibiting the immune function and causing the invasion and metastasis of ESCC. Radioresistance is the major cause of disease progression and mortality in cancer, and it is associated with heterogeneity. Therefore, a better understanding of the radioresistance mechanisms may generate more reversal strategies to improve the cure rates and survival periods of ESCC patients. We mainly summarized the possible mechanisms of radioresistance in order to reveal new targets for ESCC therapy. Then we summarized and compared the current strategies to reverse radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbo An
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- College of Medical Technology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Qingge Jia
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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4
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Xu K, Guo H, Xia A, Wang Z, Wang S, Wang Q. Non-coding RNAs in radiotherapy resistance: Roles and therapeutic implications in gastrointestinal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114485. [PMID: 36917887 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy has become an indispensable and conventional means for patients with advanced solid tumors including gastrointestinal cancer. However, innate or acquired radiotherapy resistance remains a significant challenge and greatly limits the therapeutic effect, which results in cancer relapse and poor prognosis. Therefore, it is an urgent need to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for clarify the biological characteristics and mechanism of radiotherapy resistance. Recently, lots of studies have revealed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are the potential indicators and regulators of radiotherapy resistance via the mediation of various targets/pathways in different cancers. These findings may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy to overcome radiotherapy resistance. In this review, we will shed light on the recent findings regarding the functions and regulatory mechanisms of ncRNAs following radiotherapy, and comprehensively discuss their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in radiotherapy resistance of gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210000, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Huimin Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Anliang Xia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Zhangding Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210000, China.
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210000, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, China; Medical Transformation Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, China.
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5
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Noncoding RNAs in esophageal cancer: A glimpse into implications for therapy resistance. Pharmacol Res 2023; 188:106678. [PMID: 36709789 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common malignancies of the digestive system and has a high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Chemotherapy in combination with radiotherapy is one of the most important treatment modalities for EC. Chemoradiotherapy is currently acknowledged worldwide as being the standard treatment for locally advanced or unresectable disease. Unfortunately, due to the existence of therapy resistance, a number of EC patients fail to benefit from drug or irradiation treatment, which ultimately leads to poor outcomes. Considerable efforts have been made to explore the mechanisms underlying the therapy resistance of EC. Notably, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are current research areas for the modulation of therapy responses and may serve as new targets to overcome treatment resistance in EC. Herein, we summarized the mechanisms by which ncRNAs are involved in drug and radiation resistance in EC and highlighted their role in promoting or repressing treatment resistance. Additionally, we discussed the clinical relevance of ncRNAs, which may serve as potential therapeutic targets and predictive biomarkers for EC.
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Li CL, Fang ZX, Wu Z, Hou YY, Wu HT, Liu J. Repurposed itraconazole for use in the treatment of malignancies as a promising therapeutic strategy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113616. [PMID: 36055112 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding cancer biology and the development of novel agents for cancer treatment has always been the goal of cancer researchers. However, the research and development of new drugs is hindered by its long development time, exorbitant cost, high regulatory hurdles, and staggering failure rates. Given the challenges involved drug development for cancer therapies, alternative strategies, in particular the repurposing of 'old' drugs that have been approved for other indications, are attractive. Itraconazole is an FDA-approved anti-fungal drug of the triazole class, and has been used clinically for more than 30 years. Recent drug repurposing screens revealed itraconazole exerts anti-cancer activity via inhibiting angiogenesis and multiple oncogenic signaling pathways. To explore the potential utilization of itraconazole in different types of malignancies, we retrieved the published literature relating to itraconazole in cancer and reviewed the mechanisms of itraconazole in preclinical and clinical cancer studies. Current research predicts the hedgehog signaling pathway as the main target by which itraconazole inhibits a variety of solid and hematological cancers. As clinical trial results become available, itraconazole could emerge as a new antitumor drug that can be used in combination with first-line antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Department of Physiology/Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Ze-Xuan Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Department of Physiology/Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Department of Physiology/Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yan-Yu Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Department of Physiology/Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Hua-Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Physiology/Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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7
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Zhou W, Zhu H, Xu Y, Gu L, Wu W, Zhang Y, Huang X, Jiang Y. miR-498/DNMT3b Axis Mediates Resistance to Radiotherapy in Esophageal Cancer Cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2022; 37:287-299. [PMID: 33885332 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2020.4227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the role of miR-498 in the radiotherapy resistance of esophageal cancer (EC) and its underlying mechanism. Methods: In vivo models of EC tissues with radioresistance or radiosensitivity were isolated from 72 EC patients who received radiotherapy. In vitro models were established after irradiation of KYSE30 cells. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were employed to measure the expression levels of miR-498 and DNMT3b in EC cells sensitive or resistant to irradiation. Then, protein expression of DNMT3b was verified by immunohistochemistry. The cell viability, colony formation rate, and cell apoptotic rate of EC were correspondingly assessed by CCK-8, colony formation assay, and Annexin V/PI (propidium iodide) double staining. Western blot was utilized to perform the expression levels of PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT, and p-AKT in EC cell lines after irradiation. Results: Highly expressed DNMT3b and lowly expressed miR-498 were found in EC tissues. EC tissues with radiosensitivity had higher miR-498 level and lower DNMT3b expression than EC tissues with radioresistance. Overexpression of miR-498 or knockdown of DNMT3b enhanced the radiosensitivity of EC cells. DNMT3b was a target gene of miR-498. DNMT3b diminished the radiosensitization of miR-498 in EC cells. Conclusions: MiR-498 enhances the sensitivity of EC cells to radiation by DNMT3b inhibition, and exerts biological functions by inactivating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihe Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Haoqi Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lizhong Gu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Weijia Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuefeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xianping Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
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8
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Zhang K, Fan R, Zhao D, Liu P, Yang Z, Liu J, Zhang S, Rao S, Wang Y, Wan L. CircATIC
inhibits esophageal carcinoma progression and promotes radiosensitivity by elevating
RHCG
through sponging
miR‐10‐3p. Thorac Cancer 2022; 13:934-946. [PMID: 35307984 PMCID: PMC8977172 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Ruitai Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Deyao Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Peipei Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Nanyang Central Hospital Nanyang Henan China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy Nanyang Central Hospital Nanyang Henan China
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Shilei Rao
- Department of Radiotherapy Nanyang Central Hospital Nanyang Henan China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy Nanyang Central Hospital Nanyang Henan China
| | - Lixin Wan
- Department of Oncology Nanyang Central Hospital Nanyang Henan China
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9
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Rastorgueva E, Liamina D, Panchenko I, Iurova E, Beloborodov E, Pogodina E, Dmitrii S, Slesarev S, Saenko Y. The effect of chromosome abnormalities on expression of SnoRNA in radioresistant and radiosensitive cell lines after irradiation. Cancer Biomark 2022; 34:545-553. [PMID: 35275519 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we have studied the role of chromosomal abnormalities in the expression of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) of radioresistant (K562) and radiosensitive (HL-60) leukemia cell line. Cells were exposed to an X-ray dose of 4 Gy. SnoRNA expression was investigated using NGS sequencing. The distribution of expressed snoRNAs on chromosomes has been found to be different for two cell lines. The most significant differences in the expression of snoRNAs were found in the K562 cell line based on the analysis of the dynamics of log2fc values. The type of clustering, the number and type of snoRNAs slightly differed in the chromosomes with trisomy and monosomy and had a pronounced difference in pairs with marker chromosomes in both cell lines. In this study, we have demonstrated that chromosomal abnormalities alter the expression of snoRNA after irradiation. Trisomies and monosomies do not have such a noticeable effect on the expression of snoRNAs as the presence of marker chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Rastorgueva
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, S.P. Kapitsa Research Institute of Technology, Ulyanovsk State University, Ulyanovsk, Russian.,Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ulyanovsk State University, Ulyanovsk, Russian
| | - Daria Liamina
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, S.P. Kapitsa Research Institute of Technology, Ulyanovsk State University, Ulyanovsk, Russian
| | - Ivan Panchenko
- Second Surgical Department, Ulyanovsk Oncology Center, Ulyanovsk, Russian
| | - Elena Iurova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, S.P. Kapitsa Research Institute of Technology, Ulyanovsk State University, Ulyanovsk, Russian
| | - Evgenii Beloborodov
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, S.P. Kapitsa Research Institute of Technology, Ulyanovsk State University, Ulyanovsk, Russian
| | - Evgeniya Pogodina
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, S.P. Kapitsa Research Institute of Technology, Ulyanovsk State University, Ulyanovsk, Russian
| | - Sugak Dmitrii
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, S.P. Kapitsa Research Institute of Technology, Ulyanovsk State University, Ulyanovsk, Russian
| | - Sergei Slesarev
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Natural Resources Management, Faculty of Ecology, Ulyanovsk State University, Ulyanovsk, Russia
| | - Yury Saenko
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, S.P. Kapitsa Research Institute of Technology, Ulyanovsk State University, Ulyanovsk, Russian
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Long noncoding RNA TTTY15 promotes growth and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by sponging microRNA-337-3p to upregulate the expression of JAK2. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 31:1038-1045. [PMID: 32868648 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) testis-specific transcript, Y-linked 15 (TTTY15) plays an important regulatory role in prostate cancer, but its role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the expression pattern, biological function and underlying mechanism of TTTY15 in ESCC. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of TTTY15 and microRNA (miR)-337-3p in ESCC tissues and cell lines. Cell counting kit-8 method was used to detect the proliferation of ESCC cells. Transwell method was used to determine the migration and invasion of ESCC cells. Luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the interaction between TTTY15 and miR-337-3p. Western blot was used to analyze the effects of TTTY15 and miR-337-3p on Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) expression. In the present study, we demonstrated that the expression level of TTTY15 was significantly upregulated in ESCC tissues, while the expression of miR-337-3p was downregulated. In ESCC samples, the expression levels of TTTY15 and miR-337-3p were negatively correlated. TTTY15 knockdown could significantly reduce the proliferation, migration and invasion of ESCC cells, and miR-337-3p mimics had similar effects. In addition, overexpression of TTTY15 inhibited miR-337-3p by binding with it. TTTY15 could indirectly modulate JAK2, and overexpression of TTTY15 could reverse the inhibitory effects of miR-337-3p on malignant phenotypes of ESCC cells. In conclusion, TTTY15 plays an oncogenic role in ESCC by targeting miR-337-3p/JAK2 axis.
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11
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Cui D, Cheung ALM. Roles of microRNAs in tumorigenesis and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. World J Clin Oncol 2021; 12:609-622. [PMID: 34513596 PMCID: PMC8394161 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v12.i8.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the major subtype of esophageal cancer that is prevalent in Eastern Asia. Despite recent advances in therapy, the outcome of ESCC patients is still dismal. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs which can negatively modulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The involvement and roles of miRNAs have become one of the hot topics of cancer research in recent years. In ESCC, genetic variations within miRNA coding genes were found to have distinct epidemiological significance in different populations. Dysregulated expression of several miRNAs was reported to be associated with therapeutic response. Functionally, miRNAs can act either in an oncogenic or a tumor-suppressive manner during tumorigenesis of ESCC by interrupting signaling pathways associated with cell proliferation, metabolism, cancer stemness, and resistance to chemo- or radiotherapy. Moreover, miRNAs modulate metastasis of ESCC by targeting genes that regulate cytoskeleton dynamics, extracellular matrix remodeling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and tumor microenvironment. Most importantly, mounting evidence suggests that inhibiting oncogenic miRNAs or restoring the loss of tumor-suppressive miRNAs has therapeutic potential in the treatment of ESCC. Here, we review and discuss recent studies on the significance, biological functions, and therapeutic potential of miRNAs in tumorigenesis and metastasis of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Cui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Annie LM Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
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12
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Cui D, Zhu Y, Yan D, Lee NPY, Han L, Law S, Tsao GSW, Cheung ALM. Dual inhibition of cMET and EGFR by microRNA-338-5p suppresses metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:995-1007. [PMID: 34089582 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs, as a group of post-transcriptional regulators, regulate multiple pathological processes including metastasis during tumor development. Here, we demonstrated the metastasis-suppressive function of microRNA (miR)-338-5p in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Overexpression of miR-338-5p had inhibitory effect on invasive ability of ESCC cells and extracellular matrix degradation, whereas silencing miR-338-5p had opposite effects. Mechanistically, miR-338-5p directly targeted the 3' untranslated regions of hepatocellular growth factor receptor cMet (cMET) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). As a result, miR-338-5p inhibited the downstream signaling cascades of cMET and EGFR and repressed cMET- and EGFR-mediated ESCC cell invasion. Re-expression of cMET or EGFR in miR-338-5p overexpressing ESCC cells was sufficient to derepress ESCC cell invasion both in vitro and in vivo. We further showed that such manipulation downregulated the expression and secretion of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9, which resulted in impaired extracellular matrix degradation and cell invasion. Most importantly, systemic delivery of miR-338-5p mimic significantly inhibited metastasis of ESCC cells in nude mice. Taken together, our results uncovered a previously unknown mechanism through which miR-338-5p suppresses ESCC invasion and metastasis by regulating cMET/EGFR-matrix metalloproteinase 2/9 axis and highlighted the potential significance of miR-338-5p-based therapy in treating patients with metastatic ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Cui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dongdong Yan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nikki P Y Lee
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liang Han
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Simon Law
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - George S W Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Annie L M Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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13
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Park M, Kwon J, Youk H, Shin US, Han YH, Kim Y. Valproic acid protects intestinal organoids against radiation via NOTCH signaling. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1523-1532. [PMID: 33724613 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a leading treatment for various types of cancer. However, exposure to high-dose ionizing radiation causes acute gastrointestinal injury and gastrointestinal syndrome. This has significant implications for human health, and therefore, radioprotection is a major area of research. Radiation induces the loss of intestinal stem cells; hence, the protection of stem cells expressing LGR5 (a marker of intestinal epithelial stem cells) is a key strategy for the prevention of radiation-induced injury. In this study, we identified valproic acid (VPA) as a potent radioprotector using an intestinal organoid culture system. VPA treatment increased the number of LGR5+ stem cells and organoid regeneration after irradiation. N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT, an inhibitor of NOTCH signaling) blocked the radioprotective effects of VPA, indicating that NOTCH signaling is a likely mechanism underlying the observed effects of VPA. In addition, VPA acted as a radiosensitizer via the inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) in a colorectal cancer organoid. These results demonstrate that VPA exerts strong protective effects on LGR5+ stem cells via NOTCH signaling and that the inhibition of NOTCH signaling reduces these protective effects, providing a basis for the improved management of radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misun Park
- Department of Radiological & Clinical Research, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiological & Medico-Oncological Sciences, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Junhye Kwon
- Department of Radiological & Clinical Research, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heejeong Youk
- Department of Radiological & Clinical Research, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ui Sup Shin
- Department of Radiological & Clinical Research, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Han
- Department of Radiological & Medico-Oncological Sciences, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea.,Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Younjoo Kim
- Department of Radiological & Clinical Research, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Zhang H, Si J, Yue J, Ma S. The mechanisms and reversal strategies of tumor radioresistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:1275-1286. [PMID: 33687564 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03493-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of most lethal malignancies with high aggressive potential in the world. Radiotherapy is used as one curative treatment modality for ESCC patients. Due to radioresistance, the 5-year survival rates of patients after radiotherapy is less than 20%. Tumor radioresistance is very complex and heterogeneous. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), as one major component of tumor microenvironment (TME), play critical roles in regulating tumor radioresponse through multiple mechanisms and are increasingly considered as important anti-cancer targets. Cancer stemness, which renders cancer cells to be extremely resistant to conventional therapies, is involved in ESCC radioresistance due to the activation of Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, Hedgehog and Hippo (HH) pathways, or the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), hypoxia and autophagy. Non-protein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which account for more than 90% of the genome, are involved in esophageal cancer initiation and progression through regulating the activation or inactivation of downstream signaling pathways and the expressions of target genes. Herein, we mainly reviewed the role of CAFs, cancer stemness, non-coding RNAs as well as others in the development of radioresistance and clarify the involved mechanisms. Furthermore, we summarized the potential strategies which were reported to reverse radioresistance in ESCC. Together, this review gives a systematic coverage of radioresistance mechanisms and reversal strategies and contributes to better understanding of tumor radioresistance for the exploitation of novel intervention strategies in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfang Zhang
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310002, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jingxing Si
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jing Yue
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310002, China
| | - Shenglin Ma
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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15
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Xue J, Xiao P, Yu X, Zhang X. A positive feedback loop between AlkB homolog 5 and miR-193a-3p promotes growth and metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Hum Cell 2021; 34:502-514. [PMID: 33231844 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most frequent malignancies worldwide. miR-193a-3p acts as an oncogene or tumor suppressor in different cancers. However, the functional role and regulatory mechanism of miR-193a-3p in ESCC remain to be elucidated. Our results demonstrated that miR-193a-3p expression was significantly upregulated and associated with advanced TNM stage, recurrence, and poor prognosis in ESCC patients. miR-193-3p targeted ALKBH5 and suppressed its expression. ALKBH5 inhibited miR-193a-3p expression in turn. ALKBH5 affected the primary miR-193a-3p processing by negatively regulating its m6A modification. These findings suggested a positive feedback regulation between miR-193a-3p and ALKBH5 in ESCC cells. Moreover, the functional assays indicated that the miR-193-3p-ALKBH5 feedback loop promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of ESCC cells in vitro, and facilitated tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Collectively, our current study identified a novel positive feedback regulation between miR-193a-3p and ALKBH5 in ESCC, which may be helpful to gain insight into ESCC pathogenesis and provide novel therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinliang Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated To Zhengzhou University, No.288, Zhongzhou Middle Road, Luoyang City, 471009, Henan Province, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated To Zhengzhou University, No.288, Zhongzhou Middle Road, Luoyang City, 471009, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiangdong Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated To Zhengzhou University, No.288, Zhongzhou Middle Road, Luoyang City, 471009, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated To Zhengzhou University, No.288, Zhongzhou Middle Road, Luoyang City, 471009, Henan Province, China.
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16
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Abdi E, Latifi-Navid S, Abdi F, Taherian-Esfahani Z. Emerging circulating MiRNAs and LncRNAs in upper gastrointestinal cancers. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:1121-1138. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1842199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esmat Abdi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Saeid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abdi
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Iran
| | - Zahra Taherian-Esfahani
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Alzahra University Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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17
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Deciphering of Key Pharmacological Pathways of Poria Cocos Intervention in Breast Cancer Based on Integrated Pharmacological Method. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:4931531. [PMID: 33149754 PMCID: PMC7603580 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4931531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Poria cocos (Fuling), a natural plant, has recently emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment. However, the molecular mechanisms of Poria cocos action in breast cancer remain poorly understood. METHODS TCMSP database was used to screen the potential active ingredients in Poria cocos. GEO database was used to identify differentially expressed genes. Network pharmacology was used to identify the specific pathways and key target proteins related to breast cancer. Finally, molecular docking was used to validate the results. RESULTS In our study, 237 targets were predicted for 15 potential active ingredients found in Poria cocos. An interaction network of predicted targets and genes differentially regulated in breast cancers was constructed. Based on the constructed network and further analysis including network topology, KEGG, survival analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis, 3 primary nodes were identified as key potential targets that were significantly enriched in the PPAR signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The results showed that potential active ingredients of Poria cocos might interfere with breast cancer through synergistic regulation of PTGS2, ESR1, and FOS.
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18
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Park M, Kwon J, Shin HJ, Moon SM, Kim SB, Shin US, Han YH, Kim Y. Butyrate enhances the efficacy of radiotherapy via FOXO3A in colorectal cancer patient‑derived organoids. Int J Oncol 2020; 57:1307-1318. [PMID: 33173975 PMCID: PMC7646587 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancing the radioresponsiveness of colorectal cancer (CRC) is essential for local control and prognosis. However, consequent damage to surrounding healthy cells can lead to treatment failure. We hypothesized that short‑chain fatty acids (SCFAs) could act as radiosensitizers for cancer cells, allowing the administration of a lower and safer dose of radiation. To test this hypothesis, the responses of three‑dimensional‑cultured organoids, derived from CRC patients, to radiotherapy, as well as the effects of combined radiotherapy with the SCFAs butyrate, propionate and acetate as candidate radiosensitizers, were evaluated via reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and organoid viability assay. Of the three SCFAs tested, only butyrate suppressed the proliferation of the organoids. Moreover, butyrate significantly enhanced radiation‑induced cell death and enhanced treatment effects compared with administration of radiation alone. The radiation‑butyrate combination reduced the proportion of Ki‑67 (proliferation marker)‑positive cells and decreased the number of S phase cells via FOXO3A. Meanwhile, 3/8 CRC organoids were found to be non‑responsive to butyrate with lower expression levels of FOXO3A compared with the responsive cases. Notably, butyrate did not increase radiation‑induced cell death and improved regeneration capacity after irradiation in normal organoids. These results suggest that butyrate could enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy while protecting the normal mucosa, thus highlighting a potential strategy for minimizing the associated toxicity of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misun Park
- Department of Radiological and Clinical Research, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhye Kwon
- Department of Radiological and Clinical Research, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Shin
- Department of Radiological and Clinical Research, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Moon
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bum Kim
- Department of Radiological and Clinical Research, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Ui Sup Shin
- Department of Radiological and Clinical Research, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Han
- Department of Radiological and Medico‑Oncological Sciences, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Younjoo Kim
- Department of Radiological and Clinical Research, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
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19
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A lectin-based glycomic approach identifies FUT8 as a driver of radioresistance in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2020; 43:695-707. [PMID: 32474852 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00517-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Radio-resistance is recognized as a main factor in the failure of radiotherapy in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Aberrant cell surface glycosylation has been reported to correlate with radio-resistance in different kinds of tumours. However, glycomic alterations and the corresponding enzymes associated with ESCC radio-resistance have not yet been defined. METHODS Two radioresistant cell lines, EC109R and TE-1R, were established from parental ESCC cell lines EC109 and TE-1 by fractionated irradiation. A lectin microarray was used to screen for altered glycan patterns. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was employed to identify differentially expressed glycosyltransferases. Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation and flow cytometry assays were used to measure cell viability and radiosensitivity. Expression of glycosyltransferase in ESCC tissues was assessed by immunohistochemistry. In vivo radiosensitivity was analysed using a nude mouse xenograft model. Downstream effectors of the enzyme were verified using a lectin-based pull-down assay combined with mass spectrometry. RESULTS We found that EC109R and TE-1R cells were more resistant to irradiation than the parental EC109 and TE-1 cells. Using lectin microarrays combined with RNA sequencing, we found that α1, 6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) was overexpressed in the radioresistant ESCC cell lines. Both gain- and loss-of-function studies confirmed that FUT8 regulates the sensitivity of ESCC cells to irradiation. Importantly, we found that high FUT8 expression was positively linked to radio-resistance and a poor prognosis in ESCC patients who received radiation therapy. Moreover, FUT8 inhibition suppressed the growth and formation of xenograft tumours in nude mice after irradiation. Using a lectin-based pull-down assay and mass spectrometry, we found that CD147 could be glycosylated by FUT8. As expected, inhibition of CD147 partly reversed FUT8-induced radio-resistance in ESCC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that FUT8 functions as a driver of radio-resistance in ESCC by targeting CD147. Therefore, FUT8 may serve as a marker for predicting the response to radiation therapy in patients with ESCC.
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20
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Lin WC, Chen LH, Hsieh YC, Yang PW, Lai LC, Chuang EY, Lee JM, Tsai MH. miR-338-5p inhibits cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and cisplatin resistance in esophageal squamous cancer cells by targeting FERMT2. Carcinogenesis 2020; 40:883-892. [PMID: 30576425 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in the male population of Eastern Asia. In addition, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the major type of esophageal cancer among the world. Owing to the poor overall 5-year survival rate, novel effective treatment strategies are needed. MicroRNAs are important gene regulators that are dysregulated in many cancer types. In our previous study, we applied next-generation sequencing to demonstrate that miR-338-5p was downregulated in the tumor tissue of patients with versus without recurrence. In this study, we further studied the roles of miR-338-5p in ESCC. The expression of endogenous miR-338-5p was at lower levels in ESCC cells compared with normal cells. Functional assays showed that miR-338-5p reduced cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and cisplatin resistance in an ESCC cell line, CE-81T. Potential target genes of miR-338-5p were identified by microarray and prediction tools, and 31 genes were selected. Among these, Fermitin family homolog 2 (FERMT2) plays an oncogenic role in ESCC, so it was chosen for further study. Luciferase assays showed the direct binding between miR-338-5p and the 3' untranslated region of FERMT2. Silencing of FERMT2 inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and cisplatin resistance. Pathway analysis revealed that the integrin-linked protein kinase signaling pathway, in which FERMT2 participates, was significantly affected by a miR-338-5p mimic. Our results suggest that miR-338-5p may play an antioncogenic role in ESCC via repressing FERMT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chun Lin
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Han Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chin Hsieh
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Yang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine
| | - Liang-Chuan Lai
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, NTU Center of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eric Y Chuang
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, NTU Center of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Ming Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine
| | - Mong-Hsun Tsai
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, NTU Center of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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21
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Buckley AM, Lynam-Lennon N, O'Neill H, O'Sullivan J. Targeting hallmarks of cancer to enhance radiosensitivity in gastrointestinal cancers. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:298-313. [PMID: 32005946 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is used in the treatment of approximately 50% of all malignancies including gastrointestinal cancers. Radiation can be given prior to surgery (neoadjuvant radiotherapy) to shrink the tumour or after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells. Radiotherapy aims to maximize damage to cancer cells, while minimizing damage to healthy cells. However, only 10-30% of patients with rectal cancer or oesophageal cancer have a pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy, with the rest suffering the negative consequences of toxicities and delays to surgery with no clinical benefit. Furthermore, in pancreatic cancer, neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy results in a pathological complete response in only 4% of patients and a partial pathological response in only 31%. Resistance to radiation therapy is polymodal and associated with a number of biological alterations both within the tumour itself and in the surrounding microenvironment including the following: altered cell cycle; repopulation by cancer stem cells; hypoxia; altered management of oxidative stress; evasion of apoptosis; altered DNA damage response and enhanced DNA repair; inflammation; and altered mitochondrial function and cellular energetics. Radiosensitizers are needed to improve treatment response to radiation, which will directly influence patient outcomes in gastrointestinal cancers. This article reviews the literature to identify strategies - including DNA-targeting agents, antimetabolic agents, antiangiogenics and novel immunotherapies - being used to enhance radiosensitivity in gastrointestinal cancers according to the hallmarks of cancer. Evidence from radiosensitizers from in vitro and in vivo models is documented and the action of radiosensitizers through clinical trial data is assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Buckley
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh Lynam-Lennon
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hazel O'Neill
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jacintha O'Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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22
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Li ZY, Li HF, Zhang YY, Zhang XL, Wang B, Liu JT. Value of long non-coding RNA Rpph1 in esophageal cancer and its effect on cancer cell sensitivity to radiotherapy. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:1775-1791. [PMID: 32351293 PMCID: PMC7183868 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i15.1775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is a common digestive tract tumor that is generally treated with radiotherapy. Poor responses to radiotherapy in most patients generally result in local radiotherapy failure, so it is essential to find new radiosensitizers that can enhance the response of cancer cells to radiotherapy and improve the survival of esophageal cancer patients with radiation resistance. The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Rpph1 is highly expressed in human gastric cancer tissues, and represses breast cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. However, the expression of lncRNA Rpph1 in esophageal cancer and its relationship with radio-sensitivity has not been studied.
AIM To explore the value of lncRNA Rpph1 in esophageal cancer and its effect on cancer cell sensitivity to radiotherapy.
METHODS Eighty-three patients with esophageal cancer admitted to Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and 90 healthy participants who received physical examinations were collected as research participants. The expression of Rpph1 was determined by qRT-PCR. siRNA-NC and siRNA-Rpph1 were transfected into esophageal cancer cell lines, and cells without transfection were designated as the blank control group. Cell survival was tested by colony formation assays, and the levels of proteins related to apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transitions were determined by Western blot assays. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assays, cell apoptosis by flow cytometry, and cell migration by wound-healing assays. Changes in cell cycle distribution were monitored.
RESULTS Rpph1 was highly expressed in esophageal carcinoma, making it a promising marker for the diagnosis of esophageal cancer. Rpph1 could also be used to distinguish different short-term responses, T stages, N stages, and clinical stages of esophageal cancer patients. The results of 3-year overall survival favored patients with lower Rpph1 expression over patients with higher Rpph1 expression (P < 0.05). In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that silencing Rpph1 expression led to higher sensitivity of esophageal cancer cells to radiotherapy, stronger apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells induced by radiotherapy, higher expression of Bax and caspase-3, and lower expression of Bcl-2 (Bax, caspase-3, and Bcl-2 are apoptosis-related proteins). Additionally, silencing Rpph1 attenuated radiation-induced G2/M phase arrest, and significantly inhibited the expression of proteins involved in cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition regulation in esophageal cancer cells.
CONCLUSION Rpph1 is highly expressed in esophageal cancer. Silencing Rpph1 expression can promote cell apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation and migration, and increase radio-sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yang Li
- Department of Scientific Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui-Fen Li
- Department of Scientific Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhang
- Department of Scientific Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xue-Lan Zhang
- Department of Scientific Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jiang-Ting Liu
- Department of Scientific Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, Shandong Province, China
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Zimta AA, Tigu AB, Braicu C, Stefan C, Ionescu C, Berindan-Neagoe I. An Emerging Class of Long Non-coding RNA With Oncogenic Role Arises From the snoRNA Host Genes. Front Oncol 2020; 10:389. [PMID: 32318335 PMCID: PMC7154078 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The small nucleolar RNA host genes (SNHGs) are a group of long non-coding RNAs, which are reported in many studies as being overexpressed in various cancers. With very few exceptions, the SNHGs (SNHG1, SNHG3, SNHG5, SNHG6, SNHG7, SNHG12, SNHG15, SNHG16, SNHG20) are recognized as inducing increased proliferation, cell cycle progression, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells, which makes this class of transcripts a viable biomarker for cancer development and aggressiveness. Through our literature research, we also found that silencing of SNHGs through small interfering RNAs or short hairpin RNAs is very effective in both in vitro and in vivo experiments by lowering the aggressiveness of solid cancers. The knockdown of SNHG as a new cancer therapeutic option should be investigated more in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina-Andreea Zimta
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian Bogdan Tigu
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Stefan
- African Organisation for Research and Training in Cancer, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Calin Ionescu
- Surgical Department, Municipal Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Surgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. I. Chiricuta”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Ding N, Hua J, He J, Lu D, Wei W, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Zhang L, Liu Y, Zhou G, Wang J. The Role of MiR-5094 as a Proliferation Suppressor during Cellular Radiation Response via Downregulating STAT5b. J Cancer 2020; 11:2222-2233. [PMID: 32127949 PMCID: PMC7052932 DOI: 10.7150/jca.39679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the regulation of cellular stress responses. We previously uncovered 10 novel human miRNAs which are induced by X-ray irradiation in HeLa cells using Solexa deep sequencing. The most highly expressed new miRNA, miR-5094, was predicted to target STAT5b. This study wonders whether miR-5094 participates in cellular radiation response via STAT5b. Firstly, direct interaction between miRNA-5094 and the STAT5b 3'-UTR was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. Then, the radiation responsive expression of miR-5094 and STAT5b were measured in HeLa and Jurkat cells, and the expressions of down-stream genes of STAT5b after ionizing radiation (IR) were detected in HeLa cells. At last, the effects of miR-5094 on survival fraction, cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by IR were investigated in HeLa cells, Jurkat cells and human peripheral blood T cells. It was found that up-regulation of miR-5094 by radiation induction or miRNA mimic transfection suppressed expression of STAT5b, and consequently decreased the transcription of down-stream Igf-1 and Bcl-2. Additionally, over expression of miR-5094 resulted in proliferation suppression and knockdown of miR-5094 by miRNA inhibitor after irradiation partially reversed the proliferation suppression induced by miR-5094 in HeLa cells, Jurkat cells and CD4+ T cells. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that up-regulation of miR-5094 down-regulated the expression of STAT5b, thereby suppressing cell proliferation after X-ray irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Junrui Hua
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jinpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenjun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Liying Zhang
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yongqi Liu
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guangming Zhou
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jufang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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25
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Zhang X, Xie K, Zhou H, Wu Y, Li C, Liu Y, Liu Z, Xu Q, Liu S, Xiao D, Tao Y. Role of non-coding RNAs and RNA modifiers in cancer therapy resistance. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:47. [PMID: 32122355 PMCID: PMC7050132 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01171-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As the standard treatments for cancer, chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been widely applied to clinical practice worldwide. However, the resistance to cancer therapies is a major challenge in clinics and scientific research, resulting in tumor recurrence and metastasis. The mechanisms of therapy resistance are complicated and result from multiple factors. Among them, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), along with their modifiers, have been investigated to play key roles in regulating tumor development and mediating therapy resistance within various cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, etc. In this review, we attempt to elucidate the mechanisms underlying ncRNA/modifier-modulated resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, providing some therapeutic potential points for future cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Kai Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Honghua Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yuwei Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Chan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yating Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Zhaoya Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Desheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
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26
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Emerging Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010258. [PMID: 31905958 PMCID: PMC6982002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a highly prevalent tumor and is associated with ethnicity, genetics, and dietary intake. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), specifically microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported as functional regulatory molecules involved in the development of many human cancers, including ESCC. Recently, several ncRNAs have been detected as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in ESCC progression. These ncRNAs influence the expression of specific genes or their associated signaling pathways. Moreover, interactions of ncRNAs are evident in ESCC, as miRNAs regulate the expression of lncRNAs, and further, lncRNAs and circRNAs function as miRNA sponges to compete with the endogenous RNAs. Here, we discuss and summarize the findings of recent investigations into the role of ncRNAs (miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs) in the development and progression of ESCC and how their interactions regulate ESCC development.
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Liu J, Xue N, Guo Y, Niu K, Gao L, Zhang S, Gu H, Wang X, Zhao D, Fan R. CircRNA_100367 regulated the radiation sensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas through miR-217/Wnt3 pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:12412-12427. [PMID: 31851619 PMCID: PMC6949088 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in regulating the radioresistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This study aimed to determine the role of hsa_circRNA_100367 in regulating radioresistance of ESCC. Results: Higher expression and potency of endothelial to mesenchymal transformation (EMT) was found in radioresistant ESCC cells (KYSE-150R) than in ESCC cells (KYSE-150). Silencing circRNA_100367 inhibited the proliferation and migration of KYSE-150R cells, and decreased the expression of β-catenin (an important molecule in Wnt pathway) in KYSE-150R cells. Additionally, circRNA_100367 bound to miR-217, and miR-217 targeted Wnt3. Low Wnt3 expression was associated with the short survival time in patients with ESCC and Wnt3 knockdown inhibited the proliferation and migration of KYSE-150R cells. CircRNA_100367 enhanced the radioresistance of KYSE-150R cells through miR-217/Wnt3 pathway. In vivo, circRNA_100367 silence reduced the growth of KYSE-150R cells under radiation. Conclusion: Our results revealed that circRNA_100367 attenuated radioresistance of ESCC through miR-217/Wnt3 pathway. Methods: CircRNAs related with the radioresistance of ESCC were analyzed by hierarchical cluster analysis. The relationship between circRNA_100367 and miR-217, Wnt3 was detected by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA pull-down and luciferase reporte assays. The proliferation and migration ESCC cells were detected by MTT, Transwell and colony formation assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Nannan Xue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yuexin Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Kerun Niu
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Liang Gao
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Strasse, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Hao Gu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Endocrinology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Ruitai Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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28
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Han L, Cui D, Li B, Xu WW, Lam AKY, Chan KT, Zhu Y, Lee NP, Law SY, Guan XY, Qin YR, Chan KW, Ma S, Tsao SW, Cheung AL. MicroRNA-338-5p reverses chemoresistance and inhibits invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells by targeting Id-1. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:3677-3688. [PMID: 31646712 PMCID: PMC6890449 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a chemotherapeutic agent commonly used to treat esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but acquisition of chemoresistance frequently occurs and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We found that microRNA (miR)-338-5p was underexpressed in ESCC cells with acquired 5-FU chemoresistance. Forced expression of miR-338-5p in these cells resulted in downregulation of Id-1, and restoration of both in vitro and in vivo sensitivity to 5-FU treatment. The effects were abolished by reexpression of Id-1. In contrast, miR-338-5p knockdown induced 5-FU resistance in chemosensitive esophageal cell lines, and knockdown of both miR-338-5p and Id-1 resensitized the cells to 5-FU. In addition, miR-338-5p had suppressive effects on migration and invasion of ESCC cells. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed a direct interaction between miR-338-5p and the 3'-UTR of Id-1. We also found that miR-338-5p was significantly downregulated in tumor tissue and serum samples of patients with ESCC. Notably, low serum miR-338-5p expression level was associated with poorer survival and poor response to 5-FU/cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. In summary, we found that miR-338-5p can modulate 5-FU chemoresistance and inhibit invasion-related functions in ESCC by negatively regulating Id-1, and that serum miR-338-5p could be a novel noninvasive prognostic and predictive biomarker in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Han
- Li Ka ShingFaculty of MedicineSchool of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Di Cui
- Li Ka ShingFaculty of MedicineSchool of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Bin Li
- Li Ka ShingFaculty of MedicineSchool of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Present address:
College of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wen Wen Xu
- Li Ka ShingFaculty of MedicineSchool of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Present address:
Institute of Tumor PharmacologyCollege of PharmacyJinan UniversityChina
| | - Alfred King Y. Lam
- Department of PathologyGriffith Medical School and Menzies Health Institute QueenslandGold CoastQLDAustralia
| | - Kin Tak Chan
- Department of SurgeryThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Yun Zhu
- Li Ka ShingFaculty of MedicineSchool of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Nikki P.Y. Lee
- Department of SurgeryThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Simon Y.K. Law
- Department of SurgeryThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Xin Yuan Guan
- Department of Clinical OncologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Yan Ru Qin
- Department of Clinical OncologyFirst Affiliated HospitalZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Kwok Wah Chan
- Department of PathologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Stephanie Ma
- Li Ka ShingFaculty of MedicineSchool of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Sai Wah Tsao
- Li Ka ShingFaculty of MedicineSchool of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Annie L.M. Cheung
- Li Ka ShingFaculty of MedicineSchool of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
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Xie C, Wu Y, Fei Z, Fang Y, Xiao S, Su H. MicroRNA-1275 induces radiosensitization in oesophageal cancer by regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via Wnt/β-catenin pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:747-759. [PMID: 31733028 PMCID: PMC6933350 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired radioresistance is one of the main obstacles for the anti-tumour efficacy of radiotherapy in oesophageal cancer (EC). Recent studies have proposed microRNAs (miRNAs) as important participators in the development of radioresistance in various cancers. Here, we investigated the role of miR-1275 in acquired radioresistance and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in EC. Firstly, a radioresistant cell line KYSE-150R was established, with an interesting discovery was observed that miR-1275 was down-regulated in KYSE-150R cells compared to the parental cells. Functionally, miR-1275 inhibition elevated radioresistance in KYSE-150 cells via promoting EMT, whereas enforced expression of miR-1275 increased radiosensitivity in KYSE-150R cells by inhibiting EMT. Mechanically, we demonstrated that miR-1275 directly targeted WNT1 and therefore inactivated Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in EC cells. Furthermore, WNT1 depletion countervailed the promoting effect of miR-1275 suppression on KYSE-150 cell radioresistance through hampering EMT, whereas WNT1 overexpression rescued miR-1275 up-regulation-impaired EMT to reduce the sensitivity of KYSE-150R cells to radiation. Collectively, our findings suggested that miR-1275 suppressed EMT to encourage radiosensitivity in EC cells via targeting WNT1-activated Wnt/β-catenin signalling, providing a new therapeutic outlet for overcoming radioresistance of patients with EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congying Xie
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Youyi Wu
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ruian, China
| | - Zhenghua Fei
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ya Fang
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shenlan Xiao
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huafang Su
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Yao F, Yu J, He Y, Liu J, Li H, Liu Q, Long H, Wu Q. Primary impact of Gli1 on radioresistance in esophageal cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4825-4833. [PMID: 31611993 PMCID: PMC6781776 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Radioresistance is the primary cause for the low efficacy of radiotherapy in the treatment of esophageal cancer (EC). Increasing evidence has demonstrated that the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway may be involved in the pathology of various tumors, including EC. The present study aimed to examine the association between radioresistance in EC and the Sonic Hedgehog pathway, and to determine whether a downstream transcription factor of the Shh pathway, glioma-associated oncogene family zinc finger 1 (Gli1), serves a primary role in radioresistance. The radiation-resistant cell line Eca109R was established by repeated low dose (cumulative dose 60 Gy) irradiation of the human EC cell line Eca109. The level of cell radiosensitivity was determined by colony formation assay, and the localization of Gli1 was detected using immunofluorescence. Western blotting was used to determine the protein expression levels of Gli1, Shh, patched 1 (Ptch) and smoothened frizzled class receptor (Smo) in the two cell lines. Significantly higher levels of Gli1 were identified in the Eca109R cell line compared with those inEca109 cells (P<0.05). Additionally, western blotting analysis demonstrated an increased expression level of the Gli1, Shh, Ptch and Smo proteins in Eca109R, compared with Eca109 cells (P<0.05). Overexpression of Gli1 in the parental cell line led to decreased levels of radiosensitivity and radiosensitivity of the radioresistant cell line was restored through knockdown of Gli1. The present study demonstrated that Gli1 may be associated with the development of radioresistance in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yao
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Jinjing Yu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Yulin He
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Qun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Hui Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Qingming Wu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
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31
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Zhang Y, Chen W, Wang H, Pan T, Zhang Y, Li C. Upregulation of miR-519 enhances radiosensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma trough targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:1209-1218. [PMID: 31529206 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03922-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE MicroRNA-519 (miR-519) has been previously reported to function as a tumor suppressor in several types of malignancies. This study aimed to probe the biological role of miR-519 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS qRT-PCR was utilized to test the miR-519 expression level in ESCC tissues and cells. Clinical value of miR-519 was investigated by Kaplan-Meier method. Function assays were conducted to determine the role of miR-519 in radioresistance of ESCC cells. The miR-519-regulated pathways were determined by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis. RESULTS Low expression level of miR-519 was closely correlated with the poor prognosis for overall survival of ESCC patients or patients who received radiotherapy. Functional assays indicated that upregulation of miR-519 made ESCC cells more sensitive to γ-ray radiation and facilitated ESCC cell apoptosis triggered by irradiation treatment via regulating DNA response. Ectopic expression of miR-519 decreased the level of p-AKT and p-mTOR, thus inactivating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway after irradiation. CONCLUSION These observations elucidated that upregulated miR-519 is closely correlated with the radiosensitivity of ESCC cells, which may contribute to finding a new promising target for improving the efficiency of radiotherapy in patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshan Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tumor Hospital of Wuwei, Wuwei, 733000, Gansu, China
| | - Weizuo Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tumor Hospital of Wuwei, Wuwei, 733000, Gansu, China.
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Department of Tumor Chemotherapy, Tumor Hospital of Wuwei, Wuwei, 733000, Gansu, China
| | - Tingting Pan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tumor Hospital of Wuwei, Wuwei, 733000, Gansu, China
| | - Yinguo Zhang
- 3Department of thoracic Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Wuwei, Wuwei, 733000, Gansu, China
| | - Chao Li
- 3Department of thoracic Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Wuwei, Wuwei, 733000, Gansu, China
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32
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125I suppressed the Warburg effect viaregulating miR-338/PFKL axis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 119:109402. [PMID: 31514072 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Iodine-125 (125I) irradiation has been widely applied in the treatment of advanced multiple malignant tumors. However, the underlying mechanism of 125I exerted an anti-tumor effect on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was largely unknown. METHODS In both HCCLM3 and SMMC-7721 cells, the effect of 125I irradiation on the glycolysis was detected. The mRNA in HCC tissues and cell lines were detected by RT-qPCR. Cell proliferation, invasion and migration, and apoptosis were examined by CCK-8, Transwell, wound healing assay and flow cytometry assay, respectively. The interaction between miR-338 and PFKL (6-phosphofructokinase) were verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of glycolysis-related proteins. We also evaluated the effect of 125I seed implantation on the tumor growth and Warburg effect in vivo. RESULTS 125I irradiation significantly decreased the Warburg effect, cell proliferation, invasion and migration, and induced apoptosis of HCCLM3 and SMMC-7721 cells. miR-338 was upregulated in HCC cells treated with 125I irradiation, which was a negative correlation with tumor size, tumor metastasis, and tumor development. Moreover, miR-338 directly interacted with PFKL and suppressed its expression. Mechanistically, 125I irradiation significantly decreased the Warburg effect and exhibited anti-tumorigenesis function through upregulating the inhibitory effect of miR-338 on PFKL expression. CONCLUSION 125I irradiation upregulated the suppression of miR-338 on PFKL to downregulate the Warburg effect and anti-tumorigenesis in HCC and provided a new potential strategy for HCC clinical treatment.
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He Z, Chen L, Hu X, Tang J, He L, Hu J, Fei F, Wang Q. Next-generation sequencing of microRNAs reveals a unique expression pattern in different types of pituitary adenomas. Endocr J 2019; 66:709-722. [PMID: 31061247 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej18-0487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are considered the most common intracranial tumor to cause serious morbidity because of dysregulated pituitary hormone secretions. Aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is correlated with the development and function of the pituitary gland as well as the tumorigenesis of hypothalamic-pituitary axis-related pituitary tumors. In this study, we showed the differential expression patterns of miRNAs in NFPAs (nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas), GHPAs (growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas) and PRLPAs (prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas) compared to those in three normal pituitary glands using the HiSeq 2000 sequencing system (Illumina). We validated miRNA expression using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analyses of samples from 73 patients (13 GHPAs, 42 NFPAs, and 18 PRLPAs) and 6 normal pituitary gland. We observed that miR-34c-3p was significantly downregulated in our PRLPA samples (p < 0.01), along with miR-34b-5p, miR-378 and miR-338-5p (all p < 0.05). In NFPAs, miR-493-5p was downregulated, and miR-181b-5p was significantly upregulated (p < 0.01). In GHPAs, miR-184 was significantly upregulated (p < 0.05). We observed that the tumor suppressive miR-124-3p was downregulated in both NFPAs and GHPAs. Taken together, we showed distinctive miRNA expression patterns in these three PAs, and these miRNA signatures in PA may have therapeutic potential as novel biomarkers for each type of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongze He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Longyi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Linfu He
- Institute of Bioengineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Junting Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Fan Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
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Xu K, Zhan Y, Yuan Z, Qiu Y, Wang H, Fan G, Wang J, Li W, Cao Y, Shen X, Zhang J, Liang X, Yin P. Hypoxia Induces Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer through the HIF-1α/miR-338-5p/IL-6 Feedback Loop. Mol Ther 2019; 27:1810-1824. [PMID: 31208913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is associated with poor prognosis and therapeutic resistance in cancer patients. Accumulating evidence has shown that microRNA (miRNA) plays an important role in the acquired drug resistance in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). However, the role of miRNA in hypoxia-induced CRC drug resistance remains to be elucidated. Here, we identified a hypoxia-triggered feedback loop that involves hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1α (HIF-1α)-mediated repression of miR-338-5p and confers drug resistance in CRC. In this study, the unbiased miRNA array screening revealed that miR-338-5p is downregulated in both hypoxic CRC cell lines tested. Repression of miR-338-5p was required for hypoxia-induced CRC drug resistance. Furthermore, we identified interleukin-6 (IL-6), which mediates STAT3/Bcl2 activation under hypoxic conditions, as a direct miR-338-5p target. The resulting HIF-1α/miR-338-5p/IL-6 feedback loop was necessary for drug resistance in colon cancer cell lines. Using CRC patient samples, we found miR-338-5p has a negative correlation with HIF-1α and IL-6. Finally, in a xenograft model, overexpressing miR-338-5p in CRC cells and HIF-1α inhibitor PX-478 were able to enhance the sensitivity of CRC to oxaliplatin (OXA) via suppressing the HIF-1α/miR-338-5p/IL-6 feedback loop in vivo. Taken together, our results uncovered an HIF-1α/miR-338-5p/IL-6 feedback circuit that is critical in hypoxia-mediated drug resistance in CRC; targeting each member of this feedback loop could potentially reverse hypoxia-induced drug resistance in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China; Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China; Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Yueping Zhan
- Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zeting Yuan
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China; Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yanyan Qiu
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Haijing Wang
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Guohua Fan
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yijun Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xian Shen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Xin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Peihao Yin
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China; Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China; Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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Gene-Specific Intron Retention Serves as Molecular Signature that Distinguishes Melanoma from Non-Melanoma Cancer Cells in Greek Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040937. [PMID: 30795533 PMCID: PMC6412294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Skin cancer represents the most common human malignancy, and it includes BCC, SCC, and melanoma. Since melanoma is one of the most aggressive types of cancer, we have herein attempted to develop a gene-specific intron retention signature that can distinguish BCC and SCC from melanoma biopsy tumors. Methods: Intron retention events were examined through RT-sqPCR protocols, using total RNA preparations derived from BCC, SCC, and melanoma Greek biopsy specimens. Intron-hosted miRNA species and their target transcripts were predicted via the miRbase and miRDB bioinformatics platforms, respectively. Ιntronic ORFs were recognized through the ORF Finder application. Generation and visualization of protein interactomes were achieved by the IntAct and Cytoscape softwares, while tertiary protein structures were produced by using the I-TASSER online server. Results: c-MYC and Sestrin-1 genes proved to undergo intron retention specifically in melanoma. Interaction maps of proteins encoded by genes being potentially targeted by retained intron-accommodated miRNAs were generated and SRPX2 was additionally delivered to our melanoma-specific signature. Novel ORFs were identified in MCT4 and Sestrin-1 introns, with potentially critical roles in melanoma development. Conclusions: The property of c-MYC, Sestrin-1, and SRPX2 genes to retain specific introns could be clinically used to molecularly differentiate non-melanoma from melanoma tumors.
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Role and mechanism of miR-4778-3p and its targets NR2C2 and Med19 in cervical cancer radioresistance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 508:210-216. [PMID: 30473219 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of miR-4778-3p on the radiosensitivity of cervical cancer cells and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Tissue samples were collected from eight patients with cervical cancer prior to chemoradiotherapy. MicroRNA chip analyses, RT-PCR, gene transfection, CCK8, wound healing and Transwell assays, colony-forming assay, western blot, and the Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System were used to evaluate the role of miR-4778-3p in cervical cancer radiosensitivity and its relationships with target molecules NR2C2 and Med19. Thirty-two differentially expressed miRNA molecules (fold-change > 2; p < 0.05) associated with cervical cancer radioresistance were identified. The expression of miR-4778-3p was significantly lower in recurrent or metastatic patients than in control subjects. In vitro studies using radioresistant HeLa and SiHa cervical cancer cell lines showed that miR-4778-3p upregulation significantly inhibited cell proliferation, invasiveness, and migration after irradiation. There was also a significant increase in apoptosis and a significant decrease in the proportion of cells at the G2/M phase. Further, miR-4778-3p upregulation led to increased expression of apoptosis-related molecules, such as Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and Caspase-9. Reporter gene assays showed that miR-4778-3p bound specifically to NR2C2 and Med19 and negatively regulated their expression. Thus, miR-4778-3p reduces the vitality, proliferation, and migration of radioresistant cervical cancer cells and may regulate the radiosensitivity of cervical cancer by targeting and regulating NR2C2 and Med19 expression.
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Yang X, Zi XH. LncRNA SNHG1 alleviates OGD induced injury in BMEC via miR-338/HIF-1α axis. Brain Res 2018; 1714:174-181. [PMID: 30414401 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain microvascular endothelial cell (BMEC) is an important therapeutic target for the inhibition of brain vascular dysfunction in ischemic stroke. Expression of long non-coding RNA SNHG1 is reportedly upregulated in BMEC after OGD. The present study aims to investigate the potential roles of SNHG1 in OGD-induced injury in BMEC. METHODS Mice primary brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) were cultured under "normal" or "oxygen/glucose-deprived" (OGD) conditions. The expression of SNHG1 and miR-338 after OGD were examined by qPCR. shRNA against SNHG1 was used to knockdown SNHG1 in BMEC. MiR-338-3p mimic and inhibitor were used to change the expression of miR-338 in BMEC. The relationship between SNHG1 and miR-338, and the relationship between miR-338 and HIF-1α were clarified using RNA pull-down and luciferase reporter gene assays, respectively. RESULTS SNHG1 and miR-338 were upregulated in OGD induced BMEC. SNHG1 silence aggravated OGD-induced cell apoptosis by down-regulating Bcl-2, HIF-1α and VEGF-A, and upregulating caspase 3 activity and Bax. MiR-338 was upregulated in SNHG1-silenced BMEC. RNA pull-down assays showed that SNHG1 could be directly bound by miR-338. In addition, miR-338 overexpression reduced cell viability in OGD while miR-338 inhibition protected BMEC against OGD-induced injury. Furthermore, luciferase reporter assay showed that HIF-1α was a direct target of miR-338. CONCLUSIONS SNHG1 exerted protective effects against OGD induced injury via sponging miR-338, thus upregulating HIF-1α/VEGF-A in BMEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zi
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China.
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Malhotra A, Sharma U, Puhan S, Chandra Bandari N, Kharb A, Arifa PP, Thakur L, Prakash H, Vasquez KM, Jain A. Stabilization of miRNAs in esophageal cancer contributes to radioresistance and limits efficacy of therapy. Biochimie 2018; 156:148-157. [PMID: 30326253 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The five-year survival rate of esophageal cancer patients is less than 20%. This may be due to increased resistance (acquired or intrinsic) of tumor cells to chemo/radiotherapies, often caused by aberrant cell cycle, deregulated apoptosis, increases in growth factor signaling pathways, and/or changes in the proteome network. In addition, deregulation in non-coding RNA-mediated signaling pathways may contribute to resistance to therapies. At the molecular level, these resistance factors have now been linked to various microRNA (miRNAs), which have recently been shown to control cell development, differentiation and neoplasia. The increased stability and dysregulated expression of miRNAs have been associated with increased resistance to various therapies in several cancers, including esophageal cancer. Therefore, miRNAs represent the next generation of molecules with tremendous potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. However, detailed studies on miRNA-based therapeutic interventions are still in their infancy. Hence, in this review, we have summarized the current status of microRNAs in dictating the resistance/sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In addition, we have discussed various strategies to increase radiosensitivity, including targeted therapy, and the use of miRNAs as radiosensitive/radioresistance biomarkers for esophageal cancer in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Malhotra
- Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Uttam Sharma
- Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Shyamly Puhan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Naga Chandra Bandari
- Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Anjali Kharb
- Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - P P Arifa
- Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Lovlesh Thakur
- Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Hridayesh Prakash
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India; Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University, NOIDA, India.
| | - Karen M Vasquez
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX, 78723, USA
| | - Aklank Jain
- Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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Lhuillier C, Vanpouille-Box C, Galluzzi L, Formenti SC, Demaria S. Emerging biomarkers for the combination of radiotherapy and immune checkpoint blockers. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 52:125-134. [PMID: 29258856 PMCID: PMC6004231 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, multiple immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) have achieved unprecedented clinical success and have been approved by regulatory agencies for the treatment of an increasing number of malignancies. However, only a limited fraction of patients responds to ICBs employed as a standalone intervention, calling for the development of combinatorial regimens. Radiation therapy (RT) stands out as a very promising candidate for this purpose. Indeed, RT mediates antineoplastic effects not only by cytotoxic and cytostatic mechanisms, but also by modulating immunological functions, both locally (within the irradiated field) and systemically. As combinatorial regimens involving RT and ICBs are being developed and clinically tested at an accelerating pace, it is paramount to identify biomarkers that reliably predict the likelihood of individual patients to respond. Here, we discuss emerging biomarkers that may potentially predict the response of cancer patients to RT plus ICBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Lhuillier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Silvia Chiara Formenti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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Long J, Luo J, Yin X. MiR-338-5p promotes the growth and metastasis of malignant melanoma cells via targeting CD82. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:1195-1202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Liu X, Zhao Y, Zhang W, Gao Y, Huo M, Liu M, Xiao Z, Liang S, Xu N, Zhu H. Inhibition of survivin enhances radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer cells by switching radiation-induced senescence to apoptosis. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:3087-3100. [PMID: 29872320 PMCID: PMC5975611 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s166798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Strategies to increase radiosensitivity are urgently needed. Combining radiosensitizing reagents with radiotherapy could improve the outcome of cancer treatment. Some preclinical studies showed that sepantronium bromide (YM155) could sensitize cancer cells to radiation by inhibiting the survivin protein. In this study, we try to investigate the function of YM155 on radiosensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells. Materials and methods ESCC cell lines were treated with radiation and YM155, and the radiation efficacy was evaluated by cell counting kit-8 assay and clonogenic survival assay. Cell senescence was measured by senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling assay, fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled Annexin V/propidium iodide assay, and poly ADP-ribose polymerase cleavage were used to detect apoptosis. KYSE150 xenografts model was used to test the efficacy of radiation combined with YM155. Results YM155 could inhibit the upregulation of survivin induced by radiation in all ESCC cell lines, but the efficacy of radiosensitization varied in different cell lines. Radiation-induced senescence in KYSE150 and KYSE410 cells, and the combination with YM155 inhibited senescence and promoted apoptosis of ESCC cells, thereby enhancing radiosensitivity. Combination with YM155 and radiation delayed the growth of KYSE150 xenografts in nude mice by switching radiation-induced senescence to apoptosis. When p21 was inhibited in KYSE150 cells, radiation did not induce senescence, and the radiosensitization of YM155 was also attenuated. In KYSE510 and KYSE180 cells, radiation did not induce senescence, and YM155 could not enhance the radiosensitivity. Conclusion Our results suggest a new mechanism that YM155 might sensitize ESCC cells to radiation by switching radiation-induced senescence to apoptosis. The major determinant of radiosensitization by YM155 might be the induction of senescence by radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghe Liu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yahui Zhao
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weina Zhang
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Huo
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zefen Xiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shufang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ningzhi Xu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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