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Falanga AP, D'Urso A, Travagliante G, Gangemi CMA, Marzano M, D'Errico S, Terracciano M, Greco F, De Stefano L, Dardano P, Rea I, Piccialli G, Oliviero G, Borbone N. Higher-order G-quadruplex structures and porphyrin ligands: Towards a non-ambiguous relationship. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131801. [PMID: 38670185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we evaluated the interaction of the tetracationic porphyrin H2TCPPSpm4 with three distinct DNA G-quadruplex (G4) models, i.e., the tetramolecular G4 d(TGGGGT)4 (Q1), the 5'-5' stacked G4-dimer [d(CGGAGGT)4]2 (Q2), and a mixture of 5'-5' stacked G-wires [d(5'-CGGT-3'-3'-GGC-5')4]n (Qn). The combined data obtained from UV-Vis, CD, fluorescence, PAGE, RLS, AFM, NMR, and HPLC-SEC experiments allowed us to shed light on the binding mode of H2TCPPSpm4 with the three G4 models differing for the type and the number of available G4 ending faces, the length of the G4 units, and the number of stacked G4 building blocks. Specifically, we found that H2TCPPSpm4 interacted with the shortest Q1 as an end-stacking ligand, whereas the groove binding mode was ascertained in the case of the Q2 and Qn G4 models. In the case of the interaction with Q1 and Qn, we found that H2TCPPSpm4 induces the formation of supramolecular aggregates at porphyrin/G4 ratios higher than 2:1, whereas no significant aggregation was observed for the interaction with Q2 up to the 5:1 ratio. These results unambiguously demonstrated the suitability of porphyrins for the development of specific G4 ligands or G4-targeting diagnostic probes, being H2TCPPSpm4 capable to distinguish between different G4s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Patrizia Falanga
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro D'Urso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Gabriele Travagliante
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Maria Marzano
- CESTEV, University of Naples Federico II, via Tommaso De Amicis 95, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano D'Errico
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Terracciano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Greco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca De Stefano
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Unit of Naples, National Research Council, via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Principia Dardano
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Unit of Naples, National Research Council, via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rea
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Unit of Naples, National Research Council, via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Piccialli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgia Oliviero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Borbone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Structural insights and shedding light on preferential interactions of dietary flavonoids with G-quadruplex DNA structures: A new horizon. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13959. [PMID: 36879969 PMCID: PMC9984854 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplex, a structurally unique structure in nucleic acids present all throughout the human genome, has sparked great attention in therapeutic investigations. Targeting G-quadruplex structure is a new strategy for the drug development. Flavonoids are found in almost all dietary plant-based beverages and food products; therefore, they are ingested in significant proportions through the human diet. Although synthetically developed drug molecules are used vigorously but they have various adverse effects. While on the other hand, nature supplies chemically unique scaffolds in the form of distinct dietary flavonoids that are easily accessible, less poisonous, and have higher bioavailability. Because of their great pharmacological effectiveness and minimal cytotoxicity, such low molecular weight compounds are feasible alternatives to synthetic therapeutic medicines. Therefore, from a drug-development point of view, investigation on screening the binding capabilities of quadruplex-interactive small natural compounds like dietary flavonoids are expected to be highly effective, with a particular emphasis on the selectivity towards polymorphic G-quadruplex structures. In this respect, quadruplexes have scintillated research into their potential interaction with these dietary flavonoids. The purpose of this review is to offer an up-to-date close-up look at the research on their interaction with structurally varied dietary flavonoids with the goal of providing newer perspectives to construct novel therapeutic agents for next-generation disease managements.
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Lim SA, Jung SH, Jung JH. Kinetically controlled chiral metal‐coordinated supramolecular polymerization accompanying helical inversion or morphological transformation. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seol A. Lim
- Department of Chemistry Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Jinju Korea
| | - Sung Ho Jung
- Department of Chemistry Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Jinju Korea
| | - Jong Hwa Jung
- Department of Chemistry Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Jinju Korea
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Liu C, Yang W, Wang C, Liu K, Jiang J. Photophysical Behaviors of Shape-persistent Zinc Porphyrin Organic Cage. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00734g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A pair chiral metallic porphyrin cages, (R)/(S)-PTC-1(Zn), have been afforded by pure chiral cyclohexanediamine reacting with zinc 5,15-di[3',5'-diformyl-(1,1'-biphenyl)]porphyrin. Both their chiral tubular structures have been demonstrated with single crystal diffraction...
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Kim S, Kim KY, Jung JH, Jung SH. Supramolecular polymerization based on metalation of porphyrin nanosheets in aqueous media. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00106c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite its great potential in supramolecular chemistry to achieve structural complexity and sophisticated functionality, the kinetic control over the molecular self-assembly in coordination supramolecular polymerization still constitutes a challenge. Herein,...
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Ramos CIV, Monteiro AR, Moura NMM, Faustino MAF, Trindade T, Neves MGPMS. The Interactions of H 2TMPyP, Analogues and Its Metal Complexes with DNA G-Quadruplexes-An Overview. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101404. [PMID: 34680037 PMCID: PMC8533071 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The evidence that telomerase is overexpressed in almost 90% of human cancers justifies the proposal of this enzyme as a potential target for anticancer drug design. The inhibition of telomerase by quadruplex stabilizing ligands is being considered a useful approach in anticancer drug design proposals. Several aromatic ligands, including porphyrins, were exploited for telomerase inhibition by adduct formation with G-Quadruplex (GQ). 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(N-methyl-4-pyridinium)porphyrin (H2TMPyP) is one of the most studied porphyrins in this field, and although reported as presenting high affinity to GQ, its poor selectivity for GQ over duplex structures is recognized. To increase the desired selectivity, porphyrin modifications either at the peripheral positions or at the inner core through the coordination with different metals have been handled. Herein, studies involving the interactions of TMPyP and analogs with different DNA sequences able to form GQ and duplex structures using different experimental conditions and approaches are reviewed. Some considerations concerning the structural diversity and recognition modes of G-quadruplexes will be presented first to facilitate the comprehension of the studies reviewed. Additionally, considering the diversity of experimental conditions reported, we decided to complement this review with a screening where the behavior of H2TMPyP and of some of the reviewed metal complexes were evaluated under the same experimental conditions and using the same DNA sequences. In this comparison under unified conditions, we also evaluated, for the first time, the behavior of the AgII complex of H2TMPyP. In general, all derivatives showed good affinity for GQ DNA structures with binding constants in the range of 106–107 M−1 and ligand-GQ stoichiometric ratios of 3:1 and 4:1. A promising pattern of selectivity was also identified for the new AgII derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina I. V. Ramos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.M.); (N.M.M.M.); (M.A.F.F.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-234-370-692
| | - Ana R. Monteiro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.M.); (N.M.M.M.); (M.A.F.F.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.)
- CICECO-Aveiro, Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Nuno M. M. Moura
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.M.); (N.M.M.M.); (M.A.F.F.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.)
| | - Maria Amparo F. Faustino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.M.); (N.M.M.M.); (M.A.F.F.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.)
| | - Tito Trindade
- CICECO-Aveiro, Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Maria Graça P. M. S. Neves
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.M.); (N.M.M.M.); (M.A.F.F.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.)
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Banerjee N, Panda S, Chatterjee S. Frontiers in G-Quadruplex Therapeutics in Cancer: Selection of Small Molecules, Peptides and Aptamers. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 99:1-31. [PMID: 34148284 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
G-quadruplex, a unique secondary structure in nucleic acids found throughout human genome, elicited widespread interest in the field of therapeutic research. Being present in key regulatory regions of oncogenes, RNAs and telomere, G-quadruplex structure regulates transcription, translation, splicing etc. Changes in its structure and stability leads to differential expression of oncogenes causing cancer. Thus, targeting G-Quadruplex structures with small molecules/other biologics has shown elevated research interest. Covering previous reports, in this review we try to enlighten the facts on the structural diversity in G-quadruplex ligands aiming to provide newer insights to design first-in-class drugs for the next generation cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjan Banerjee
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Road, Scheme VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Suman Panda
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Road, Scheme VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Subhrangsu Chatterjee
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Road, Scheme VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, India
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Heffron J, Bork M, Mayer BK, Skwor T. A Comparison of Porphyrin Photosensitizers in Photodynamic Inactivation of RNA and DNA Bacteriophages. Viruses 2021; 13:v13030530. [PMID: 33807067 PMCID: PMC8005208 DOI: 10.3390/v13030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective broad-spectrum antiviral treatments are in dire need as disinfectants and therapeutic alternatives. One such method of disinfection is photodynamic inactivation, which involves the production of reactive oxygen species from dissolved oxygen in response to light-stimulated photosensitizers. This study evaluated the efficacy of functionalized porphyrin compounds for photodynamic inactivation of bacteriophages as human virus surrogates. A blue-light light emitting diode (LED) lamp was used to activate porphyrin compounds in aqueous solution (phosphate buffer). The DNA bacteriophages ΦX174 and P22 were more resistant to porphyrin TMPyP photodynamic inactivation than RNA bacteriophage fr, with increasing rates of inactivation in the order: ΦX174 << P22 << fr. Bacteriophage ΦX174 was therefore considered a resistant virus suitable for the evaluation of three additional porphyrins. These porphyrins were synthesized from TMPyP by inclusion of a central palladium ion (PdT4) and/or the addition of a hydrophobic C14 chain (PdC14 or C14). While the inactivation rate of bacteriophage ΦX174 via TMPyP was similar to previous reports of resistant viruses, ΦX174 inactivation increased by a factor of approximately 2.5 using the metalloporphyrins PdT4 and PdC14. The order of porphyrin effectiveness was TMPyP < C14 < PdT4 < PdC14, indicating that both Pd2+ ligation and C14 functionalization aided virus inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Heffron
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, 1637 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA; (J.H.); (B.K.M.)
| | - Matthew Bork
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Rockford University, 5050 E. State St., Rockford, IL 61108, USA;
| | - Brooke K. Mayer
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, 1637 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA; (J.H.); (B.K.M.)
| | - Troy Skwor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, 2400 E. Hartford Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
- Correspondence:
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Stanojević A, Milovanović B, Stanković I, Etinski M, Petković M. The significance of the metal cation in guanine-quartet – metalloporphyrin complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:574-584. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05798c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The distinct positions of the divalent metal ions with respect to the porphyrin ring are responsible for different interaction energies between metalloporphyrins and the guanine quartet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Stanojević
- University of Belgrade – Faculty of Physical Chemistry
- 11 158 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | | | - Ivana Stanković
- Institute of Chemistry
- Technology and Metallurgy
- 11 000 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Mihajlo Etinski
- University of Belgrade – Faculty of Physical Chemistry
- 11 158 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Milena Petković
- University of Belgrade – Faculty of Physical Chemistry
- 11 158 Belgrade
- Serbia
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Sebastian A, Remello SN, Kuttassery F, Mathew S, Ohsaki Y, Tachibana H, Inoue H. Protolytic behavior of water-soluble zinc(II) porphyrin and the electrocatalytic two-electron water oxidation to form hydrogen peroxide. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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11
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Phthalocyanines for G-quadruplex aptamers binding. Bioorg Chem 2020; 100:103920. [PMID: 32413624 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The G-quadruplex (G4)-forming sequence within the AS1411 derivatives with alternative nucleobases and backbones can improve the chemical and biological properties of AS1411. Zn(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc) derivatives have potential as high-affinity G4 ligands because they have similar size and shape to the G-quartets. The interactions of four Zn(II) phthalocyanines with the G4 AS1411 aptamer and its derivatives were determined by biophysical techniques, molecular docking and gel electrophoresis. Cell viability assay was carried out to evaluate the antiproliferative effects of Zn(II) phthalocyanines and complexes. CD experiments showed structural changes after addition of ZnPc 4, consistent with multiple binding modes and conformations shown by NMR and gel electrophoresis. CD melting confirmed that ZnPc 2 and ZnPc 4, both containing eight positive charges, are able to stabilize the AT11 G4 structure (ΔTm > 30 °C and 18.5 °C, respectively). Molecular docking studies of ZnPc 3 and ZnPc 4 suggested a preferential binding to the 3'- and 5'-end, respectively, of the AT11 G4. ZnPc 3 and its AT11 and AT11-L0 complexes revealed pronounced cytotoxic effect against cervical cancer cells and no cytotoxicity to normal human cells. Zn(II) phthalocyanines provide the basis for the development of effective therapeutic agents as G4 ligands.
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Umar MI, Ji D, Chan CY, Kwok CK. G-Quadruplex-Based Fluorescent Turn-On Ligands and Aptamers: From Development to Applications. Molecules 2019; 24:E2416. [PMID: 31262059 PMCID: PMC6650947 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Guanine (G)-quadruplexes (G4s) are unique nucleic acid structures that are formed by stacked G-tetrads in G-rich DNA or RNA sequences. G4s have been reported to play significant roles in various cellular events in both macro- and micro-organisms. The identification and characterization of G4s can help to understand their different biological roles and potential applications in diagnosis and therapy. In addition to biophysical and biochemical methods to interrogate G4 formation, G4 fluorescent turn-on ligands can be used to target and visualize G4 formation both in vitro and in cells. Here, we review several representative classes of G4 fluorescent turn-on ligands in terms of their interaction mechanism and application perspectives. Interestingly, G4 structures are commonly identified in DNA and RNA aptamers against targets that include proteins and small molecules, which can be utilized as G4 tools for diverse applications. We therefore also summarize the recent development of G4-containing aptamers and highlight their applications in biosensing, bioimaging, and therapy. Moreover, we discuss the current challenges and future perspectives of G4 fluorescent turn-on ligands and G4-containing aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubarak I Umar
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Danyang Ji
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun-Yin Chan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun Kit Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Qi Q, Yang C, Xia Y, Guo S, Song D, Su H. Preferential Binding of π-Ligand Porphyrin Targeting 5'-5' Stacking Interface of Human Telomeric RNA G-Quadruplex Dimer. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:2143-2150. [PMID: 30995046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Human telomeric RNA (TERRA) containing thousands of G-rich repeats has the propensity to form parallel-stranded G-quadruplexes. The emerging crucial roles of TERRA G-quadruplexes in RNA biology fuel increasing attention for studying anticancer ligand binding with such structures, which, however, remains scarce. Here we utilized multiple steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy analyses in conjunction with NMR methods and investigated thoroughly the binding behavior of TMPyP4 to a TERRA G-quadruplex dimer formed by the 10-nucleotide sequence r(GGGUUAGGGU). It is clearly identified that TMPyP4 intercalates into the 5'-5' stacking interface of two G-quadruplex blocks with a binding stoichiometry of 1:1 and binding constant of 1.92 × 106 M-1. This is consistent with the unique TERRA structural features of the enlarged π-π stacking plane of the A·(G·G·G·G)·A hexad at 5'-ends of each G-quadruplex block. The preferential binding of π-ligand porphyrin to the 5'-5' stacking interface of the native TERRA G-quadruplex dimer is first ascertained by the combination of dynamics and structural characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qige Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Chunfan Yang
- College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Ye Xia
- College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Shaoshi Guo
- College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Di Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Hongmei Su
- College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
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Interactions Between Spermine-Derivatized Tentacle Porphyrins and The Human Telomeric DNA G-Quadruplex. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113686. [PMID: 30469358 PMCID: PMC6274827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
G-rich DNA sequences have the potential to fold into non-canonical G-Quadruplex (GQ) structures implicated in aging and human diseases, notably cancers. Because stabilization of GQs at telomeres and oncogene promoters may prevent cancer, there is an interest in developing small molecules that selectively target GQs. Herein, we investigate the interactions of meso-tetrakis-(4-carboxysperminephenyl)porphyrin (TCPPSpm4) and its Zn(II) derivative (ZnTCPPSpm4) with human telomeric DNA (Tel22) via UV-Vis, circular dichroism (CD), and fluorescence spectroscopies, resonance light scattering (RLS), and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assays. UV-Vis titrations reveal binding constants of 4.7 × 106 and 1.4 × 107 M−1 and binding stoichiometry of 2–4:1 and 10–12:1 for TCPPSpm4 and ZnTCPPSpm4, respectively. High stoichiometry is supported by the Job plot data, CD titrations, and RLS data. FRET melting indicates that TCPPSpm4 stabilizes Tel22 by 36 ± 2 °C at 7.5 eq., and that ZnTCPPSpm4 stabilizes Tel22 by 33 ± 2 °C at ~20 eq.; at least 8 eq. of ZnTCPPSpm4 are required to achieve significant stabilization of Tel22, in agreement with its high binding stoichiometry. FRET competition studies show that both porphyrins are mildly selective for human telomeric GQ vs duplex DNA. Spectroscopic studies, combined, point to end-stacking and porphyrin self-association as major binding modes. This work advances our understanding of ligand interactions with GQ DNA.
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Keane PM, Kelly JM. Transient absorption and time-resolved vibrational studies of photophysical and photochemical processes in DNA-intercalating polypyridyl metal complexes or cationic porphyrins. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Qin T, Liu K, Song D, Yang C, Zhao H, Su H. Binding Interactions of Zinc Cationic Porphyrin with Duplex DNA: From B-DNA to Z-DNA. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041071. [PMID: 29617273 PMCID: PMC5979451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recognition of unusual left-handed Z-DNA by specific binding of small molecules is crucial for understanding biological functions in which this particular structure participates. Recent investigations indicate that zinc cationic porphyrin (ZnTMPyP4) is promising as a probe for recognizing Z-DNA due to its characteristic chiroptical properties upon binding with Z-DNA. However, binding mechanisms of the ZnTMPyP4/Z-DNA complex remain unclear. By employing time-resolved UV-visible absorption spectroscopy in conjunction with induced circular dichroism (ICD), UV-vis, and fluorescence measurements, we examined the binding interactions of ZnTMPyP4 towards B-DNA and Z-DNA. For the ZnTMPyP4/Z-DNA complex, two coexisting binding modes were identified as the electrostatic interaction between pyridyl groups and phosphate backbones, and the major groove binding by zinc(II) coordinating with the exposed guanine N7. The respective contribution of each mode is assessed, allowing a complete scenario of binding modes revealed for the ZnTMPyP4/Z-DNA. These interaction modes are quite different from those (intercalation and partial intercalation modes) for the ZnTMPyP4/B-DNA complex, thereby resulting in explicit differentiation between B-DNA and Z-DNA. Additionally, the binding interactions of planar TMPyP4 to DNA were also investigated as a comparison. It is shown that without available virtual orbitals to coordinate, TMPyP4 binds with Z-DNA solely in the intercalation mode, as with B-DNA, and the intercalation results in a structural transition from Z-DNA to B-ZNA. These results provide mechanistic insights for understanding ZnTMPyP4 as a probe of recognizing Z-DNA and afford a possible strategy for designing new porphyrin derivatives with available virtual orbitals for the discrimination of B-DNA and Z-DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingxiao Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Kunhui Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Di Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Chunfan Yang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Hongmei Su
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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