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Menu E, Filori Q, Dufour JC, Ranque S, L’Ollivier C. A Repertoire of the Less Common Clinical Yeasts. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1099. [PMID: 37998905 PMCID: PMC10671991 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal diseases are a public health problem. They affect a constantly increasing number of at-risk patients, and their incidence has risen in recent years. These opportunistic infections are mainly due to Candida sp. but less common or rare yeast infections should not be underestimated. These so-called "less common" yeasts include Ascomycota of the genera Candida (excluding the five major Candida species), Magnusiomyces/Saprochaete, Malassezia, and Saccharomyces, and Basidiomycota of the genera Cryptococcus (excluding the Cryptococcus neoformans/gattii complex members), Rhodotorula, and Trichosporon. The aim of this review is to (i) inventory the less common yeasts isolated in humans, (ii) provide details regarding the specific anatomical locations where they have been detected and the clinical characteristics of the resulting infections, and (iii) provide an update on yeast taxonomy. Of the total of 239,890 fungal taxa and their associated synonyms sourced from the MycoBank and NCBI Taxonomy databases, we successfully identified 192 yeasts, including 127 Ascomycota and 65 Basidiomycota. This repertoire allows us to highlight rare yeasts and their tropism for certain anatomical sites and will provide an additional tool for diagnostic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Menu
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France; (S.R.); (C.L.)
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Service de Santé des Armées, VITROME: Vecteurs-Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, Aix Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Quentin Filori
- INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Aix Marseille University, 13385 Marseille, France; (Q.F.); (J.-C.D.)
| | - Jean-Charles Dufour
- INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Aix Marseille University, 13385 Marseille, France; (Q.F.); (J.-C.D.)
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service Biostatistique et Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Ranque
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France; (S.R.); (C.L.)
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Service de Santé des Armées, VITROME: Vecteurs-Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, Aix Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Coralie L’Ollivier
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France; (S.R.); (C.L.)
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Service de Santé des Armées, VITROME: Vecteurs-Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, Aix Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France
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Idris NFB, Jia Q, Lu H, Guo Y, Wang Y, Hao R, Tu Z. Reduced Survival and Resistance of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa Following Inhibition of Pigment Production by Naftifine. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:285. [PMID: 37452917 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03388-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Pigments produced by micro-organisms could contribute to their pathogenesis and resistance. The investigation into the red pigment of R. mucilaginosa and its ability to survive and resist has not yet been explored. This study aimed to investigate the survival and resistance of the R. mucilaginosa CQMU1 strain following inhibition of pigment production by naftifine and its underlying mechanism. The red-pigmented Rhodotorula mucilaginosa CQMU1 yeast was isolated from an infected toenail of a patient with onychomycosis. Cultivation of R. mucilaginosa in liquid and solid medium showed the effect of naftifine after treatment. Then, analysis of phagocytosis and tolerance to heat or chemicals of R. mucilaginosa was used to evaluate the survival and resistance of yeast to different treatments. Naftifine reversibly inhibited the pigmentation of R. mucilaginosa CQMU1 in solid and liquid media. Depigmented R. mucilaginosa CQMU1 showed increased susceptibility toward murine macrophage cells RAW264.7 and reduced resistance toward different types of chemicals, such as 1.5-M NaCl and 0.5% Congo red. Inhibition of pigment production by naftifine affected the survival and growth of R. mucilaginosa and its resistance to heat and certain chemicals. The results obtained could further elucidate the target of new mycosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Fazleen Binti Idris
- Department of pathogen biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qianying Jia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Chongqing Nursing Vocational College, Chongqing, 402763, China
| | - He Lu
- Department of pathogen biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yanan Guo
- Department of pathogen biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of pathogen biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Rui Hao
- Department of pathogen biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zeng Tu
- Department of pathogen biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Gach J, Olejniczak T, Pannek J, Boratyński F. Fungistatic Effect of Phthalide Lactones on Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Molecules 2023; 28:5423. [PMID: 37513295 PMCID: PMC10384090 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is an increasing number of cases of fungal infections caused by opportunistic strains of the yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, mainly in immunocompromised patients during hospitalization. The excessive use of antibiotics and azole compounds increases the risk of resistance to microorganisms. A new alternative to these drugs may be synthetic phthalide lactones with a structure identical to or similar to the natural ones found in celery plants, which show low toxicity and relatively high fungistatic activity. In the present study, the fungistatic activity of seven phthalide lactones was determined against R. mucilaginosa IHEM 18459. We showed that 3-n-butylidenephthalide, the most potent compound selected in the microdilution test, caused a dose-dependent decrease in dry yeast biomass. Phthalide accumulated in yeast cells and contributed to an increase in reactive oxygen species content. The synergistic effect of fluconazole resulted in a reduction in the azole concentration required for yeast inhibition. We observed changes in the color of the yeast cultures; thus, we conducted experiments to prove that the carotenoid profile was altered. The addition of lactones also triggered a decline in fatty acid methyl esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Gach
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Teresa Olejniczak
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jakub Pannek
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Filip Boratyński
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
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Hammoudi Halat D, Younes S, Mourad N, Rahal M. Allylamines, Benzylamines, and Fungal Cell Permeability: A Review of Mechanistic Effects and Usefulness against Fungal Pathogens. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12121171. [PMID: 36557078 PMCID: PMC9781035 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Allylamines, naftifine and terbinafine, and the benzylamine, butenafine, are antifungal agents with activity on the fungal cell membrane. These synthetic compounds specifically inhibit squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme in fungal sterol biosynthesis. This results in a deficiency in ergosterol, a major fungal membrane sterol that regulates membrane fluidity, biogenesis, and functions, and whose damage results in increased membrane permeability and leakage of cellular components, ultimately leading to fungal cell death. With the fungal cell membrane being predominantly made up of lipids including sterols, these lipids have a vital role in the pathogenesis of fungal infections and the identification of improved therapies. This review will focus on the fungal cell membrane structure, activity of allylamines and benzylamines, and the mechanistic damage they cause to the membrane. Furthermore, pharmaceutical preparations and clinical uses of these drugs, mainly in dermatophyte infections, will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal Hammoudi Halat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Bekaa 146404, Lebanon
| | - Samar Younes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Bekaa 146404, Lebanon
| | - Nisreen Mourad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Bekaa 146404, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Rahal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Bekaa 146404, Lebanon
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Tahir MA, Dina NE, Cheng H, Valev VK, Zhang L. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for bioanalysis and diagnosis. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:11593-11634. [PMID: 34231627 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00708d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, bioanalytical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has blossomed into a fast-growing research area. Owing to its high sensitivity and outstanding multiplexing ability, SERS is an effective analytical technique that has excellent potential in bioanalysis and diagnosis, as demonstrated by its increasing applications in vivo. SERS allows the rapid detection of molecular species based on direct and indirect strategies. Because it benefits from the tunable surface properties of nanostructures, it finds a broad range of applications with clinical relevance, such as biological sensing, drug delivery and live cell imaging assays. Of particular interest are early-stage-cancer detection and the fast detection of pathogens. Here, we present a comprehensive survey of SERS-based assays, from basic considerations to bioanalytical applications. Our main focus is on SERS-based pathogen detection methods as point-of-care solutions for early bacterial infection detection and chronic disease diagnosis. Additionally, various promising in vivo applications of SERS are surveyed. Furthermore, we provide a brief outlook of recent endeavours and we discuss future prospects and limitations for SERS, as a reliable approach for rapid and sensitive bioanalysis and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali Tahir
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, Peoples' Republic of China.
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Jarros IC, Veiga FF, Corrêa JL, Barros ILE, Gadelha MC, Voidaleski MF, Pieralisi N, Pedroso RB, Vicente VA, Negri M, Svidzinski TIE. Microbiological and virulence aspects of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:687-704. [PMID: 32536838 PMCID: PMC7290102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to characterize microbiologically clinical isolates of R. mucilaginosa isolated from colonization of a patient with chronic renal disease (CKD), as well as to evaluate their phylogeny, antifungal susceptibility, virulence, and pathogenicity in order to infer the potential to become a possible infective agent. For this study, two isolates of R. mucilaginosa from oral colonization of a CKD patient were isolated, identified and characterized by classical (genotypic and phenotypic) methods. Susceptibility to conventional antifungals was evaluated, followed by biofilm production, measured by different techniques (total biomass, metabolic activity, colony forming units and extracellular matrix quantification). Finally, the pathogenicity of yeast was evaluated by infection of Tenebrio molitor larvae. All isolates were resistant to azole and sensitive to polyenes and they were able to adhere and form biofilm on the abiotic surface of polystyrene. In general, similar profiles among isolates were observed over the observed periods (2, 24, 48 and 72 hours). Regarding extracellular matrix components of biofilms at different maturation ages, R. mucilaginosa was able to produce eDNA, eRNA, proteins, and polysaccharides that varied according to time and the strain. The death curve in vivo model showed a large reduction in the survival percentage of the larvae was observed in the first 24 hours, with only 40 % survival at the end of the evaluation. We infer that colonization of chronic renal patients by R. mucilaginosa offers a high risk of serious infection. And also emphasize that the correct identification of yeast is the main means for an efficient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabele Carrilho Jarros
- Division of Medical Mycology, Teaching and Research Laboratory in Clinical Analyses – Department of Clinical Analysis of State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Flávia Franco Veiga
- Division of Medical Mycology, Teaching and Research Laboratory in Clinical Analyses – Department of Clinical Analysis of State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jakeline Luiz Corrêa
- Division of Medical Mycology, Teaching and Research Laboratory in Clinical Analyses – Department of Clinical Analysis of State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Isabella Letícia Esteves Barros
- Division of Medical Mycology, Teaching and Research Laboratory in Clinical Analyses – Department of Clinical Analysis of State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marina Cristina Gadelha
- Division of Medical Mycology, Teaching and Research Laboratory in Clinical Analyses – Department of Clinical Analysis of State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Morgana F. Voidaleski
- Postgraduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology, and Pathology, Biological Sciences, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Neli Pieralisi
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Raissa Bocchi Pedroso
- Division of Medical Mycology, Teaching and Research Laboratory in Clinical Analyses – Department of Clinical Analysis of State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vânia A. Vicente
- Postgraduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology, and Pathology, Biological Sciences, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Melyssa Negri
- Division of Medical Mycology, Teaching and Research Laboratory in Clinical Analyses – Department of Clinical Analysis of State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Terezinha Inez Estivalet Svidzinski
- Division of Medical Mycology, Teaching and Research Laboratory in Clinical Analyses – Department of Clinical Analysis of State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Terezinha Inez Estivalet Svidzinski, Division of Medical Mycology, Teaching and Research Laboratory in Clinical Analysis – Department of Clinical Analysis of State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil, Av. Colombo, 5790 CEP: 87020-900, Maringá, PR., Brazil; Phone: +5544 3011-4809, Fax: +5544 3011-4860, E-mail: or
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Flores N, Hoyos S, Venegas M, Galetović A, Zúñiga LM, Fábrega F, Paredes B, Salazar-Ardiles C, Vilo C, Ascaso C, Wierzchos J, Souza-Egipsy V, Araya JE, Batista-García RA, Gómez-Silva B. Haloterrigena sp. Strain SGH1, a Bacterioruberin-Rich, Perchlorate-Tolerant Halophilic Archaeon Isolated From Halite Microbial Communities, Atacama Desert, Chile. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:324. [PMID: 32194531 PMCID: PMC7066086 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An extreme halophilic archaeon, strain SGH1, is a novel microorganism isolated from endolithic microbial communities colonizing halites at Salar Grande, Atacama Desert, in northern Chile. Our study provides structural, biochemical, genomic, and physiological information on this new isolate living at the edge of the physical and chemical extremes at the Atacama Desert. SGH1 is a Gram-negative, red-pigmented, non-motile unicellular coccoid organism. Under the transmission electron microscope, strain SGH1 showed an abundant electro-dense material surrounding electron-lucent globular structures resembling gas vacuoles. Strain SGH1 showed a 16S rRNA gene sequence with a close phylogenetic relationship to the extreme halophilic archaea Haloterrigena turkmenica and Haloterrigena salina and has been denominated Haloterrigena sp. strain SGH1. Strain SGH1 grew at 20-40°C (optimum 37°C), at salinities between 15 and 30% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 25%) and growth was improved by addition of 50 mM KCl and 0.5% w/v casamino acids. Growth was severely restricted at salinities below 15% NaCl and cell lysis is avoided at a minimal 10% NaCl. Maximal concentrations of magnesium chloride and sodium or magnesium perchlorates that supported SGH1 growth were 0.5 and 0.15M, respectively. Haloterrigena sp. strain SGH1 accumulates bacterioruberin (BR), a C50 xanthophyll, as the major carotenoid. Total carotenoids in strain SGH1 amounted to nearly 400 μg BR per gram of dry biomass. Nearly 80% of total carotenoids accumulated as geometric isomers of BR: all-trans-BR (50%), 5-cis-BR (15%), 9-cis-BR (10%), 13-cis-BR (4%); other carotenoids were dehydrated derivatives of BR. Carotenogenesis in SGH1 was a reversible and salt-dependent process; transferring BR-rich cells grown in 25% (w/v) NaCl to 15% (w/v) NaCl medium resulted in depigmentation, and BR content was recovered after transference and growth of unpigmented cells to high salinity medium. Methanol extracts and purified BR isomers showed an 8-9-fold higher antioxidant activity than Trolox or β-carotene. Both, plasma membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential measurements under acute 18-h assays showed that purified BR isomers were non-toxic to cultured human THP-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataly Flores
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biomedical Department and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Sebastián Hoyos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biomedical Department and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Mauricio Venegas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biomedical Department and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Alexandra Galetović
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biomedical Department and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Lidia M. Zúñiga
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biomedical Department and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Francisca Fábrega
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biomedical Department and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Bernardo Paredes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biomedical Department and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Camila Salazar-Ardiles
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biomedical Department and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Claudia Vilo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biomedical Department and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Carmen Ascaso
- Department Biogeochemistry and Microbial Ecology, National Museum of Natural Sciences – Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacek Wierzchos
- Department Biogeochemistry and Microbial Ecology, National Museum of Natural Sciences – Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Souza-Egipsy
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Institute of Material Structure – Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge E. Araya
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Department of Medical Technology and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Ramón Alberto Batista-García
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Benito Gómez-Silva
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biomedical Department and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
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Pârvu M, Moţ CA, Pârvu AE, Mircea C, Stoeber L, Roşca-Casian O, Ţigu AB. Allium sativum Extract Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Antifungal Effect against Meyerozyma guilliermondii and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa Causing Onychomycosis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213958. [PMID: 31683743 PMCID: PMC6865177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Onychomycosis is a major health problem due to its chronicity and resistance to therapy. Because some cases associate paronychia, any therapy must target the fungus and the inflammation. Medicinal plants represent an alternative for onychomycosis control. In the present work the antifungal and antioxidant activities of Alium sativum extract against Meyerozyma guilliermondii (Wick.) Kurtzman & M. Suzuki and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (A. Jörg.) F.C. Harrison, isolated for the first time from a toenail onychomycosis case, were investigated. The fungal species were confirmed by DNA molecular analysis. A. sativum minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and ultrastructural effects were examined. At the MIC concentration (120 mg/mL) the micrographs indicated severe structural alterations with cell death. The antioxidant properties of the A. sativum extract were evaluated is a rat turpentine oil induced inflammation, and compared to an anti-inflammatory drug, diclofenac, and the main compound from the extract, allicin. A. sativum reduced serum total oxidative status, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide production, and increased total thiols. The effects were comparable to those of allicin and diclofenac. In conclusion, the garlic extract had antifungal effects against M. guilliermondii and R. mucilaginosa, and antioxidant effect in turpentine-induced inflammation. Together, the antifungal and antioxidant activities support that A. sativum is a potential alternative treatment in onychomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Pârvu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 42 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cătălin A Moţ
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Alina E Pârvu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3 Victor Babeş Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cristina Mircea
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 42 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Leander Stoeber
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3 Victor Babeş Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Oana Roşca-Casian
- Alexandru-Borza Botanical Garden, Babeș-Bolyai University, 42 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Adrian B Ţigu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 42 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu-Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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