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Shellaiah M, Sun KW, Thirumalaivasan N, Bhushan M, Murugan A. Sensing Utilities of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites and Composites: A Comprehensive Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2504. [PMID: 38676122 PMCID: PMC11054776 DOI: 10.3390/s24082504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Recently, the utilization of metal halide perovskites in sensing and their application in environmental studies have reached a new height. Among the different metal halide perovskites, cesium lead halide perovskites (CsPbX3; X = Cl, Br, and I) and composites have attracted great interest in sensing applications owing to their exceptional optoelectronic properties. Most CsPbX3 nanostructures and composites possess great structural stability, luminescence, and electrical properties for developing distinct optical and photonic devices. When exposed to light, heat, and water, CsPbX3 and composites can display stable sensing utilities. Many CsPbX3 and composites have been reported as probes in the detection of diverse analytes, such as metal ions, anions, important chemical species, humidity, temperature, radiation photodetection, and so forth. So far, the sensing studies of metal halide perovskites covering all metallic and organic-inorganic perovskites have already been reviewed in many studies. Nevertheless, a detailed review of the sensing utilities of CsPbX3 and composites could be helpful for researchers who are looking for innovative designs using these nanomaterials. Herein, we deliver a thorough review of the sensing utilities of CsPbX3 and composites, in the quantitation of metal ions, anions, chemicals, explosives, bioanalytes, pesticides, fungicides, cellular imaging, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), toxic gases, humidity, temperature, radiation, and photodetection. Furthermore, this review also covers the synthetic pathways, design requirements, advantages, limitations, and future directions for this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthaiah Shellaiah
- Department of Research and Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India; (M.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Kien Wen Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Natesan Thirumalaivasan
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Mayank Bhushan
- Department of Research and Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India; (M.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Arumugam Murugan
- Department of Chemistry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science & Technology, Nirjuli, Itanagar 791109, India;
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Shellaiah M, Sun KW. Conjugation of cysteamine functionalized nanodiamond to gold nanoparticles for pH enhanced colorimetric detection of Cr 3+ ions demonstrated by real water sample analysis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 286:121962. [PMID: 36257217 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A cysteamine functionalized nanodiamond (NDC) was conjugated to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to deliver NDC@AuNPs and utilized in enhanced colorimetric detection of Cr3+ at pH 6 environment. The conjugation was validated using FTIR, TEM, PXRD, DLS, and zeta potential investigations. At pH 6, superior sensory response of NDC@AuNPs to Cr3+ than that of other ions was validated by UV-vis spectroscopy and colorimetric photographs. Results from UV-vis titrations displayed a linear regression from 0.01 to 0.4 µM with a LOD of 0.236 ± 0.005 nM. The particle aggregation, size variations, potential changes, and binding modes are investigated using TEM, DLS, and FTIR techniques to explore the underlying mechanisms. By adding the EDTA, sensory response is reversible up to 4 cycles. Finally, spiked real water experiments show improved sensing of Cr3+ at pH 6 via the observed recovery between 96 and 110 %, which is in good agreement with the ICP-mass data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthaiah Shellaiah
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Kien Wen Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
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Shellaiah M, Sun KW. Diamond-Based Electrodes for Detection of Metal Ions and Anions. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 12:nano12010064. [PMID: 35010014 PMCID: PMC8746347 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diamond electrodes have long been a well-known candidate in electrochemical analyte detection. Nano- and micro-level modifications on the diamond electrodes can lead to diverse analytical applications. Doping of crystalline diamond allows the fabrication of suitable electrodes towards specific analyte monitoring. In particular, boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes have been reported for metal ions, anions, biomolecules, drugs, beverage hazards, pesticides, organic molecules, dyes, growth stimulant, etc., with exceptional performance in discriminations. Therefore, numerous reviews on the diamond electrode-based sensory utilities towards the specified analyte quantifications were published by many researchers. However, reviews on the nanodiamond-based electrodes for metal ions and anions are still not readily available nowadays. To advance the development of diamond electrodes towards the detection of diverse metal ions and anions, it is essential to provide clear and focused information on the diamond electrode synthesis, structure, and electrical properties. This review provides indispensable information on the diamond-based electrodes towards the determination of metal ions and anions.
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Du BW, Tien LT, Lin CC, Ko FH. Use of curcumin-modified diamond nanoparticles in cellular imaging and the distinct ratiometric detection of Mg 2+/Mn 2+ ions. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:4459-4470. [PMID: 36133469 PMCID: PMC9419351 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00298h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An intrinsically luminescent curcumin-modified nanodiamond derivative (ND-Cur) has been synthesized as an effective probe for cell imaging and sensory applications. DLS data allowed the particle size of ND-Cur to be estimated (170.6 ± 46.8 nm) and the zeta potential to be determined. The photoluminescence signal of ND-Cur was observed at 536 nm, with diverse intensities at excitation wavelengths of 350 to 450 nm, producing yellow emission with a quantum yield (Φ) of 0.06. Notably, the results of the MTT assay and cell imaging experiments showed the low toxicity and biocompatibility of ND-Cur. Subsequently, investigations of the selectivity towards Mg2+ and Mn2+ ions were performed by measuring intense fluorescence peak shifts and "Turn-off" responses, respectively. In the presence of Mg2+, the fluorescence peak (536 nm) was shifted and then displayed two diverse peaks at 498 and 476 nm. On the other hand, for Mn2+ ions, ND-Cur revealed a fluorescence-quenching response at 536 nm. Fluorescence studies indicated that the nanomolar level detection limits (LODs) of Mg2+ and Mn2+ ions were approximately 423 and 367 nM, respectively. The sensing mechanism, ratiometric changes and binding site were established through PL, FTIR, Raman, SEM, TEM, DLS and zeta potential analyses. Furthermore, the effective determination of Mg2+ and Mn2+ ions by ND-Cur has been validated through cell imaging experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wei Du
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Le Trong Tien
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Ching-Chang Lin
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo Japan
| | - Fu-Hsiang Ko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan Republic of China
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Shellaiah M, Thirumalaivasan N, Sun KW, Wu SP. A pH cooperative strategy for enhanced colorimetric sensing of Cr(III) ions using biocompatible L-glutamic acid stabilized gold nanoparticles. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Shellaiah M, Thirumalaivasan N, Aazaad B, Awasthi K, Sun KW, Wu SP, Lin MC, Ohta N. Novel rhodamine probe for colorimetric and fluorescent detection of Fe 3+ ions in aqueous media with cellular imaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 242:118757. [PMID: 32791389 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A novel rhodamine-pyridine conjugated spectroscopic probe RhP was synthesized and its X-ray single crystalline properties were revealed with tabulation. The RhP displayed a distinct pale-pink colorimetric and "turn-on" fluorescent response to Fe3+ in aqueous media [H2O:DMSO (95:5, v/v)] than that of other interfering ions. During the Fe3+ recognition, the absorption (UV-Vis) and photoluminescence (PL) spectral studies revealed new peaks at 561 and 592 nm, respectively. The 1:1 stoichiometry and binding sites were verified by Job's plot, ESI-mass, and 1H NMR titrations. Subsequently, LOD and binding constant for RhP + Fe3+ complex were estimated as 102.3 nM and 6.265 × 104 M-1 from linear fitting and Benesi-Hildebrand plots, correspondingly. Sensor reversibility of RhP + Fe3+ by EDTA was demonstrated by UV/PL and TRPL investigations. Moreover, the photoinduced energy transfer mechanism and band gap changes were established from the DFT interrogations. Lastly, cellular imaging studies were carried out to authenticate the real applicability of RhP in Fe3+ detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthaiah Shellaiah
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | | | - Basheer Aazaad
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Kamlesh Awasthi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Molecular Science, Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Kien Wen Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Pao Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Lin
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Nobuhiro Ohta
- Center for Interdisciplinary Molecular Science, Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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Shellaiah M, Chen YC, Simon T, Li LC, Sun KW, Ko FH. Effect of Metal Ions on Hybrid Graphite-Diamond Nanowire Growth: Conductivity Measurements from a Single Nanowire Device. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9030415. [PMID: 30862083 PMCID: PMC6473948 DOI: 10.3390/nano9030415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Novel Cd2+ ions mediated reproducible hybrid graphite-diamond nanowire (G-DNWs; Cd2+-NDS1 NW) growth from 4-Amino-5-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (S1) functionalized diamond nanoparticles (NDS1) via supramolecular assembly is reported and demonstrated through TEM and AFM images. FTIR, EDX and XPS studies reveal the supramolecular coordination between functional units of NDS1 and Cd2+ ions towards NWs growth. Investigations of XPS, XRD and Raman data show the covering of graphite sheath over DNWs. Moreover, HR-TEM studies on Cd2+-NDS1 NW confirm the coexistence of less perfect sp2 graphite layer and sp3 diamond carbon along with impurity channels and flatten surface morphology. Possible mechanisms behind the G-DNWs growth are proposed and clarified. Subsequently, conductivity of the as-grown G-DNWs is determined through the fabrication of a single Cd2+-NDS1 NW device, in which the G-DNW portion L2 demonstrates a better conductivity of 2.31 × 10−4 mS/cm. In addition, we investigate the temperature-dependent carrier transport mechanisms and the corresponding activation energy in details. Finally, comparisons in electrical resistivities with other carbon-based materials are made to validate the importance of our conductivity measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthaiah Shellaiah
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Chou Chen
- Department of Electronics Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Turibius Simon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Liang-Chen Li
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Kien Wen Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
- Department of Electronics Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Fu-Hsiang Ko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
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Shellaiah M, Simon T, Venkatesan P, Sun KW, Ko FH, Wu SP. Nanodiamonds conjugated to gold nanoparticles for colorimetric detection of clenbuterol and chromium(III) in urine. Mikrochim Acta 2017; 185:74. [PMID: 29594526 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2611-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds were modified such that they carry thiol groups (ND-thiol). Gold nanoparticles were reacted with ND-thiol to obtain a highly stable conjugate of the type ND@AuNPs. Both ND-thiol and the ND@AuNPs were characterized by SEM, TEM, AFM, DLS, zeta potential, XPS, XRD, UV-Vis, Raman, FTIR and cytotoxicity studies. Their biocompatibility was confirmed via an MTT assay with HeLa cells. At a pH value of 6, the ND@AuNPs represent a colorimetric probe that can be used to selectively detect the illegally used β-adrenergic drug clenbuterol (CLB) and the pollutant chromium(III). Detection can be performed visually by monitoring the color change from wine red to purple blue, or by colorimetric measurement of the so-called SPR peaks at 651 and 710 nm. The color changes are due to aggregation, and this is confirmed by TEM and DLS data. The involvement of surface functional groups that assist in analyte recognition was verified by FTIR. The detection limits are 0.49 nM for CLB, and 0.37 nM for Cr(III). The ND@AuNPs were successfully applied to the determination of Cr(III) and CLB in spiked human urine samples. Notably, the low interference by other ions in the detection of Cr(III) in tap and lake water is confirmed by ICP-MS analyses. Graphical abstract Nanodiamonds carrying thiol groups (ND-Thiol) were conjugated to gold nanoparticles, and the resulting ND@AuNPs are shown to be viable probes for the colorimetric detection of sub-nanomolar levels of clenbuterol (CLB) and Cr(III) ions, with demonstrated applicability to real water and urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthaiah Shellaiah
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Turibius Simon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Parthiban Venkatesan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Kien Wen Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan. .,Department of Electronics Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
| | - Fu-Hsiang Ko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Pao Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
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