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Wang T, Song Y, Yang L, Liu W, He Z, Shi Y, Song B, Yu Z. Photobiomodulation Facilitates Rat Cutaneous Wound Healing by Promoting Epidermal Stem Cells and Hair Follicle Stem Cells Proliferation. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:65-79. [PMID: 37882982 PMCID: PMC10764690 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous wound healing represents a common fundamental phenomenon requiring the participation of cells of distinct types and a major concern for the public. Evidence has confirmed that photobiomodulation (PBM) using near-infrared (NIR) can promote wound healing, but the cells involved and the precise molecular mechanisms remain elusive. METHODS Full-thickness skin defects with a diameter of 1.0 cm were made on the back of rats and randomly divided into the control group, 10 J, 15 J, and 30 J groups. The wound healing rate at days 4, 8, and 12 postoperatively was measured. HE and Masson staining was conducted to reveal the histological characteristics. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to label the epidermal stem cells (ESCs) and hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). Western blot was performed to detect the expressions of proteins associated with ESCs and HFSCs. Cutaneous wound tissues were collected for RNA sequencing. Gene ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis was performed, and the hub genes were identified using CytoHubba and validated by qRT-PCR. RESULTS PBM can promote reepithelialization, extracellular matrix deposition, and wound healing, increase the number of KRT14+/PCNA+ ESCs and KRT15+/PCNA+ HFSCs, and upregulate the protein expression of P63, Krt14, and PCNA. Three hundred and sixty-six differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 7 hub genes including Sox9, Krt5, Epcam, Cdh1, Cdh3, Dsp, and Pkp3 were identified. These DEGs are enriched in skin development, cell junction, and cadherin binding involved in cell-cell adhesion etc., while these hub genes are related to skin derived stem cells and cell adhesion. CONCLUSION PBM accelerates wound healing by enhancing reepithelialization through promoting ESCs and HFSCs proliferation and elevating the expression of genes associated with stem cells and cell adhesion. This may provide a valuable alternative strategy to promote wound healing and reepithelialization by modulating the proliferation of skin derived stem cells and regulating genes related to cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yajuan Song
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhen'an He
- Shaanxi Institute of Medical Device Quality Inspection, Xi'an, 712046, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Baoqiang Song
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Haydo A, Wehle A, Herold-Mende C, Kögel D, Pampaloni F, Linder B. Combining organotypic tissue culture with light-sheet microscopy (OTCxLSFM) to study glioma invasion. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56964. [PMID: 37938214 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202356964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a very aggressive tumor and represents the most common primary brain malignancy. Key characteristics include its high resistance against conventional treatments, such as radio- and chemotherapy and its diffuse tissue infiltration, preventing complete surgical resection. The analysis of migration and invasion processes in a physiological microenvironment allows for enhanced understanding of these phenomena and can lead to improved therapeutic approaches. Here, we combine two state-of-the-art techniques, adult organotypic brain tissue slice culture (OTC) and light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) of cleared tissues in a combined method termed OTCxLSFM. Using this methodology, we can show that glioblastoma tissue infiltration can be effectively blocked through treatment with arsenic trioxide or WP1066, as well as genetic depletion of the tetraspanin, transmembrane receptor CD9, or signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). With our analysis pipeline, we gain single-cell level, three-dimensional information, as well as insights into the morphological appearance of the tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Haydo
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andrej Wehle
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Donat Kögel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner site Frankfurt/Main, a partnership between DKFZ and Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Francesco Pampaloni
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Benedikt Linder
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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3
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Chatterjee N, Alfaro-Moreno E. In Vitro Cell Transformation Assays: A Valuable Approach for Carcinogenic Potentiality Assessment of Nanomaterials. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098219. [PMID: 37175926 PMCID: PMC10178964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review explores the application of in vitro cell transformation assays (CTAs) as a screening platform to assess the carcinogenic potential of nanomaterials (NMs) resulting from continuously growing industrial production and use. The widespread application of NMs in various fields has raised concerns about their potential adverse effects, necessitating safety evaluations, particularly in long-term continuous exposure scenarios. CTAs present a realistic screening platform for known and emerging NMs by examining their resemblance to the hallmark of malignancy, including high proliferation rates, loss of contact inhibition, the gain of anchorage-independent growth, cellular invasion, dysregulation of the cell cycle, apoptosis resistance, and ability to form tumors in experimental animals. Through the deliberate transformation of cells via chronic NM exposure, researchers can investigate the tumorigenic properties of NMs and the underlying mechanisms of cancer development. This article examines NM-induced cell transformation studies, focusing on identifying existing knowledge gaps. Specifically, it explores the physicochemical properties of NMs, experimental models, assays, dose and time requirements for cell transformation, and the underlying mechanisms of malignancy. Our review aims to advance understanding in this field and identify areas for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Chatterjee
- NanoSafety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ernesto Alfaro-Moreno
- NanoSafety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
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4
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Yang X, Xu G, Liu X, Zhou G, Zhang B, Wang F, Wang L, Li B, Li L. Carbon nanomaterial-involved EMT and CSC in cancer. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 38:1-13. [PMID: 34619029 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) are ubiquitous in our daily lives because of the outstanding physicochemical properties. CNMs play curial parts in industrial and medical fields, however, the risks of CNMs exposure to human health are still not fully understood. In view of, it is becoming extremely difficult to ignore the existence of the toxicity of CNMs. With the increasing exploitation of CNMs, it's necessary to evaluate the potential impact of these materials on human health. In recent years, more and more researches have shown that CNMs are contributed to the cancer formation and metastasis after long-term exposure through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) which is associated with cancer progression and invasion. This review discusses CNMs properties and applications in industrial and medical fields, adverse effects on human health, especially the induction of tumor initiation and metastasis through EMT and CSCs procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Yang
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Gongquan Xu
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guiming Zhou
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Rushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weihai, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingjuan Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Bin Li
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Li
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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5
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Pu Z, Wei Y, Sun Y, Wang Y, Zhu S. Carbon Nanotubes as Carriers in Drug Delivery for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Mechanistic Analysis of Their Carcinogenic Potential, Safety Profiling and Identification of Biomarkers. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:6157-6180. [PMID: 36523423 PMCID: PMC9744892 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s384592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a global burden leading to millions of deaths worldwide every year. Nanomedicine refers to the use of materials at the nanoscale for drug delivery and subsequent therapeutic approaches in cancer. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are widely used as nanocarriers for therapeutic molecules such as plasmids, siRNAs, antisense agents, aptamers and molecules related to the immunotherapy for several cancers. They are usually functionalized and loaded with standard drug molecules to improve their therapeutic efficiency. Functionalization and drug loading possibly decrease the genotoxic and carcinogenic potential of CNTs. In addition, the targeted cytotoxic properties of the drug improve and undesired toxicity decreases after drug loading and/or conjugation with proteins, including antibodies. For intended drug delivery, a lysosomal pH of 5.5 is more suitable and effective for the slow and extended release of cytotoxic drugs than a physiological of pH 7.4. Remarkably, CNTs possess intrinsic antitumor properties and are usually internalized by endocytosis. After being internalized, several mechanisms are involved in the therapeutic and carcinogenic effects of CNTs. They are generally safe for therapy, and their toxicity profile remains dependent on their physicochemical properties. Moreover, the dose, route, duration of exposure, surface properties and degradative potential determine the toxicity outcomes of CNTs locally or systemically. In summary, the use of CNTs in drug delivery and NSCLC therapy, as well as their genotoxic and carcinogenic potential and the possible mechanisms, has been discussed in this review. The therapeutic index is generally high for NSCLC cells treated with drug-loaded CNTs; therefore, they are effective carriers in implementing targeted therapy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjian Pu
- Department of Oncology, Haian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haian, 216600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujia Wei
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Practice, Suzhou Wuzhong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanpeng Sun
- Department of Oncology, Haian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haian, 216600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Haian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haian, 216600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shilin Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Haian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haian, 216600, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Identification of Candidate lncRNA and Pseudogene Biomarkers Associated with Carbon-Nanotube-Induced Malignant Transformation of Lung Cells and Prediction of Potential Preventive Drugs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052936. [PMID: 35270630 PMCID: PMC8910615 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence has linked carbon nanotube (CNT) exposure with malignant transformation of lungs. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and pseudogenes are important regulators to mediate the pathogenesis of diseases, representing potential biomarkers for surveillance of lung carcinogenesis in workers exposed to CNTs and possible targets to develop preventive strategies. The aim of this study was to screen crucial lncRNAs and pseudogenes and predict preventive drugs. GSE41178 (small airway epithelial cells exposed to single- or multi-walled CNTs or dispersant control) and GSE56104 (lung epithelial cells exposed to single-walled CNTs or dispersant control) datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Weighted correlation network analysis was performed for these two datasets, and the turquoise module was preserved and associated with CNT-induced malignant phenotypes. In total, 24 lncRNAs and 112 pseudogenes in this module were identified as differentially expressed in CNT-exposed cells compared with controls. Four lncRNAs (MEG3, ARHGAP5-AS1, LINC00174 and PVT1) and five pseudogenes (MT1JP, MT1L, RPL23AP64, ZNF826P and TMEM198B) were predicted to function by competing endogenous RNA (MEG3/RPL23AP64-hsa-miR-942-5p-CPEB2/PHF21A/BAMBI; ZNF826P-hsa-miR-23a-3p-SYNGAP1, TMEM198B-hsa-miR-15b-5p-SYNGAP1/CLU; PVT1-hsa-miR-423-5p-PSME3) or co-expression (MEG3/MT1L/ZNF826P/MT1JP-ATM; ARHGAP5-AS1-TMED10, LINC00174-NEDD4L, ARHGAP5-AS1/PVT1-NIP7; MT1L/MT1JP-SYNGAP1; MT1L/MT1JP-CLU) mechanisms. The expression levels and prognosis of all genes in the above interaction pairs were validated using lung cancer patient samples. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed the combination of four lncRNAs, five pseudogenes or lncRNAs + pseudogenes were all effective for predicting lung cancer (accuracy >0.8). The comparative toxicogenomics database suggested schizandrin A, folic acid, zinc or gamma-linolenic acid may be preventive drugs by reversing the expression levels of lncRNAs or pseudogenes. In conclusion, this study highlights lncRNAs and pseudogenes as candidate diagnostic biomarkers and drug targets for CNT-induced lung cancer.
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7
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Chen H, He Y, Wen X, Shao S, Liu Y, Wang J. SOX9: Advances in Gynecological Malignancies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:768264. [PMID: 34881182 PMCID: PMC8645898 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.768264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors of the SOX family were first discovered in mammals in 1990. The sex-determining region Y box 9 belongs to the SOX transcription factor family. It plays an important role in inducing tissue and cell morphogenesis, survival, and many developmental processes. Furthermore, it has been shown to be an oncogene in many tumors. Gynecological malignancies are tumors that occur in the female reproductive system and seriously threaten the lives of patients. Common gynecological malignancies include ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, and endometrial cancer. So far, the molecular mechanisms related to the incidence and development of gynecological malignancies remain unclear. This makes it particularly important to discover their common causative molecule and thus provide an effective therapeutic target. In recent years, studies have found that multiple mechanisms are involved in regulating the expression of the sex-determining region Y box 9, leading to the occurrence and development of gynecological malignancies. In this review, we discuss the prognostic value of SOX9 expression and the potential of targeting SOX9 for gynecological malignancy treatment. We also discuss progress regarding the role of SOX9 in gynecological malignancy pathogenesis through its mediation of important mechanisms, including tumor initiation and proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, chemoresistance, and stem cell maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhu Zhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yujie He
- Designated Ward, Zhu Zhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Xiangping Wen
- Department of Operation, Zhu Zhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Shihong Shao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhu Zhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhu Zhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
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8
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Bie Q, Zhai R, Chen Y, Li Y, Xie N, Wang B, Yuan P, Zhou X, Cong H, Chang X, Xiong H, Zhang B. Sox9 Is Crucial for Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Enhance Cutaneous Wound Healing. Int J Stem Cells 2021; 14:465-474. [PMID: 34456192 PMCID: PMC8611311 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc21078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUC-MSCs) are promising candidates for cell-based therapy in regenerative medicine or other diseases due to their superior characteristics, including higher proliferation, faster self-renewal ability, lower immunogenicity, a noninvasive harvest procedure, easy expansion in vitro, and ethical access, compared with stem cells from other sources. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, we knocked down the expression of SOX9 in HUC-MSCs by lentivirus interference and found that knockdown of SOX9 inhibited the proliferation and migration of HUC-MSCs and influenced the expression of cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8), growth factors (GM-CSF and VEGF) and stemness-related genes (OCT4 and SALL4). In addition, the repair effect of skin with burn injury in rats treated with HUC-MSCs transfected with sh-control was better than that rats treated with HUC-MSCs transfected with shSOX9 or PBS, and the accessory structures of the skin, including hair follicles and glands, were greater than those in the other groups. We found that knockdown of the expression of SOX9 obviously inhibited the expression of Ki67, CK14 and CK18. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study will provide a guide for modifying HUC-MSCs by bioengineering technology in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingli Bie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of
Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining,
China
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine,
Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Ruixia Zhai
- Department of Obstetric, Affiliated Hospital of Jining
Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining,
China
| | - Yanrong Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of
Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining,
China
| | - Yingao Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of
Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining,
China
| | - Na Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of
Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining,
China
| | - Baoyi Wang
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine,
Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Poyun Yuan
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine,
Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xinjie Zhou
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine,
Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Haiyan Cong
- Department of Central Lab, Weihai Municipal Hospital,
Cheeloo College of Medicine, Weihai, China
| | - Xin Chang
- Department of Central Lab, Weihai Municipal Hospital,
Cheeloo College of Medicine, Weihai, China
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining
Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of
Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining,
China
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine,
Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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9
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Chen KY, Tseng CH, Feng PH, Sun WL, Ho SC, Lin CW, Van Hiep N, Luo CS, Tseng YH, Chen TT, Liu WT, Lee KY, Wu SM. 3-Nitrobenzanthrone promotes malignant transformation in human lung epithelial cells through the epiregulin-signaling pathway. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 38:865-887. [PMID: 34036453 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09612-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental and occupational contaminants leads to lung cancer. 3-Nitrobenzanthrone (3-nitro-7H-benz[de]anthracen-7-one, 3-NBA) is a potential carcinogen in ambient air or diesel particulate matter. Studies have revealed that short-term exposure to 3-NBA induces cell death, reactive oxygen species activation, and DNA adduct formation and damage. However, details of the mechanism by which chronic exposure to 3-NBA influences lung carcinogenesis remain largely unknown. In this study, human lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells were continuously exposed to 0-10-μM 3-NBA for 6 months. NanoString analysis was conducted to evaluate gene expression in the cells, revealing that 3-NBA-mediated transformation results in a distinct gene expression signature including carbon cancer metabolism, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Alterations in tumor-promoting genes such as EREG (epiregulin), SOX9, E-cadherin, TWIST, and IL-6 were involved in epithelial cell aggressiveness. Kaplan-Meier plotter analyses indicated that increased EREG and IL-6 expressions in early-stage lung cancer cells are correlated with poor survival. In vivo xenografts on 3-NBA-transformed cells exhibited prominent tumor formation and metastasis. EREG knockout cells exposed to 3-NBA for a short period exhibited high apoptosis and low colony formation. By contrast, overexpression of EREG in 3-NBA-transformed cells markedly activated the PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling pathways, resulting in tumorigenicity. Furthermore, elevated IL-6 and EREG expressions synergistically led to STAT3 signaling activation, resulting in clonogenic cell survival and migration. Taken together, chronic exposure of human lung epithelial cells to 3-NBA leads to malignant transformation, in which the EREG signaling pathway plays a pivotal mediating role. • Short-term exposure of lung epithelial cells to 3-NBA can lead to ROS production and cell apoptosis. • Long-term chronic exposure to 3-NBA upregulates the levels of tumor-promoting genes such as EREG and IL-6. • Increased EREG expression in 3-NBA-transformed cells markedly contributes to tumorigenesis through PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK activation and synergistically enhances the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway, which promotes tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Yuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hua Tseng
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hao Feng
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Sun
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chuan Ho
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nguyen Van Hiep
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,International PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shan Luo
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Han Tseng
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Tao Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Te Liu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Yun Lee
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Ming Wu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Panda M, Tripathi SK, Biswal BK. SOX9: An emerging driving factor from cancer progression to drug resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188517. [PMID: 33524528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of transcription factors is one of the common problems in the pathogenesis of human cancer. Among them, SOX9 is one of the critical transcription factors involved in various diseases, including cancer. The expression of SOX9 is regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs), methylation, phosphorylation, and acetylation. Interestingly, SOX9 acts as a proto-oncogene or tumor suppressor gene, relying upon kinds of cancer. Recent studies have reported the critical role of SOX9 in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Additionally, activation of SOX9 signaling or SOX9 regulated signaling pathways play a crucial role in cancer development and progression. Accumulating evidence also suggests that SOX9 acquires stem cell features to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, SOX9 has been broadly studied in the field of cancer stem cell (CSC) and EMT in the last decades. However, the link between SOX9 and cancer drug resistance has only recently been discovered. Furthermore, its differential expression could be a potential biomarker for tumor prognosis and progression. This review outlined the various biological implications of SOX9 in cancer progression and cancer drug resistance and elucidated its signaling network, which could be a potential target for designing novel anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munmun Panda
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Surya Kant Tripathi
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Bijesh K Biswal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.
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11
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Xie D, Luo X. Identification of four methylation-driven genes as candidate biomarkers for monitoring single-walled carbon nanotube-induced malignant transformation of the lung. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 412:115391. [PMID: 33387576 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been reported to induce malignant transformation. This study aimed to screen candidate biomarkers for monitoring occupational workers to prevent the development of lung cancer. mRNA (GSE56104) and methylation (GSE153246) profiles of lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells exposed to malignant transformation dose of single-walled CNTs or control medium were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. A total of 1513 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 912 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were identified using LIMMA method. The weighted correlation network analysis identified blue and turquoise modules were associated with malignant transformation of BEAS-2B cells, 124 DMGs of which were overlapped with DEGs. The mRNA and methylation levels of four methylation-driven DEGs were validated in both lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinomas (LUSC) of The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset and they were associated with overall survival of LUAD patients. Downregulation of PXMP4 and MCOLN2, while upregulation of MET was confirmed in both LUSC and LUAD via Human Protein Atlas analysis. PXMP4 and MET protein levels were also supported in the proteomic analysis of LUAD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed the combination of four genes may be the optimal biomarker for predicting lung cancer, with the area under ROC curve >0.9. Function analysis revealed BARX2 may interact with CCND1 to regulate cell cycle; MET and PXMP4/MCOLN2 may positively correlate with CCR5/IL-6 or GATA3/HLA-DPB1/HLA-DPA1 to involve immune regulation. In conclusion, these four methylation-driven genes may be candidate prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for single-walled CNT-related lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaogang Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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12
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Sheikhpour M, Naghinejad M, Kasaeian A, Lohrasbi A, Shahraeini SS, Zomorodbakhsh S. The Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Lung Cancer: A Critical Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:7063-7078. [PMID: 33061368 PMCID: PMC7522408 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s263238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of timely diagnosis and the complete treatment of lung cancer for many people with this deadly disease daily increases due to its high mortality. Diagnosis and treatment with helping the nanoparticles are useful, although they have reasonable harms. This article points out that the side effects of using carbon nanotube (CNT) in this disease treatment process such as inflammation, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis are very problematic. Toxicity can reduce to some extent using the techniques such as functionalizing to proper dimensions as a longer length, more width, and greater curvature. The targeted CNT sensors can be connected to various modified vapors. In this regard, with helping this method, screening makes non-invasive diagnosis possible. Researchers have also found that nanoparticles such as CNTs could be used as carriers to direct drug delivery, especially with chemotherapy drugs. Most of these carriers were multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) used for cancerous cell targeting. The results of laboratory and animal researches in the field of diagnosis and treatment became very desirable and hopeful. The collection of researches summarized has highlighted the requirement for a detailed assessment which includes CNT dose, duration, method of induction, etc., to achieve the most controlled conditions for animal and human studies. In the discussion section, 4 contradictory issues are discussed which are invited researchers to do more research to get clearer results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Sheikhpour
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Naghinejad
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alibakhsh Kasaeian
- Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armaghan Lohrasbi
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Sadegh Shahraeini
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahab Zomorodbakhsh
- Department of Chemistry, Mahshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahshahr, Iran
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13
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Identification of a stemness-related gene panel associated with BET inhibition in triple negative breast cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2020; 43:431-444. [PMID: 32166583 PMCID: PMC7214516 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are enriched in cells bearing stem-like features, i.e., cancer stem cells (CSCs), which underlie cancer progression. Thus, targeting stemness may be an interesting treatment approach. The epigenetic machinery is crucial for maintaining the stemness phenotype. Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) epigenetic reader family members are emerging as novel targets for cancer therapy, and have already shown preclinical effects in breast cancer. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effect of the BET inhibitor JQ1 on stemness in TNBC. Methods Transcriptomic, functional annotation and qRT-PCR studies were performed on JQ1-exposed TNBC cells in culture. The results obtained were confirmed in spheroids and spheroid-derived tumours. In addition, limiting dilution, secondary and tertiary tumour sphere formation, matrigel invasion, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry assays were performed to evaluate the effect of JQ1 on CSC features. For clinical outcome analyses, the online tool Kaplan-Meier Plotter and an integrated response database were used. Results We found that JQ1 modified the expression of stemness-related genes in two TNBC-derived cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and BT549. Among these changes, the CD44 Antigen/CD24 Antigen (CD44/CD24) ratio and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family Member A1 (ALDH1A1) expression level, i.e., both classical stemness markers, were found to be decreased by JQ1. Using a validated spheroid model to mimic the intrinsic characteristics of CSCs, we found that JQ1 decreased surface CD44 expression, inhibited self-renewal and invasion, and induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1, thereby altering the stemness phenotype. We also found associations between four of the identified stemness genes, Gap Junction Protein Alpha 1 (GJA1), CD24, Epithelial Adhesion Molecule (EPCAM) and SRY-related HMG-box gene 9 (SOX9), and a worse TNBC patient outcome. The expression of another two of the stemness-related genes was found to be decreased by JQ1, i.e., ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily G Member 2 (ABCG2) and RUNX2, and predicted a low response to chemotherapy in TNBC patients, which supports a role for RUNX2 as a potential predictive marker for chemotherapy response in TNBC. Conclusions We identified a stemness-related gene panel associated with JQ1 and describe how this inhibitor modifies the stemness landscape in TNBC. Therefore, we propose a novel role for JQ1 as a stemness-targeting drug. Loss of the stem cell phenotype via JQ1 treatment could lead to less aggressive and more chemo-sensitive tumours, reflecting a better patient prognosis. Thus, the identified gene panel may be of interest for the clinical management of patients with aggressive TNBC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s13402-020-00497-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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14
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The SOX9-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Axis Determines Resistance to Chemotherapy in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 40:MCB.00307-19. [PMID: 31658996 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00307-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance and tumor relapse are the major contributors to low patient survival, and both have been largely attributed to cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) or tumor-initiating cells (TICs). Moreover, most conventional therapies are not effective against CSCs, which necessitates the discovery of CSC-specific biomarkers and drug targets. Here, we demonstrated that the embryonic transcription factor SOX9 is an important regulator of acquired chemoresistance in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our results show that SOX9 expression is elevated in NSCLC cells after treatment with the chemotherapeutic cisplatin and that overexpression of SOX9 correlates with worse overall survival in lung cancer patients. We further demonstrated that SOX9 knockdown increases cellular sensitivity to cisplatin, whereas its overexpression promotes drug resistance. Moreover, this transcription factor promotes the stem-like properties of NSCLC cells and increases their aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, which was identified to be the key mechanism of SOX9-induced chemoresistance. Finally, we showed that ALDH1A1 is a direct transcriptional target of SOX9, based on chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays. Taken together, our novel findings on the role of the SOX9-ALDH axis support the use of this CSC regulator as a prognostic marker of cancer chemoresistance and as a potential drug target for CSC therapy.
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15
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Hong SH, You JS. SOX9 is controlled by the BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 via multiple regulation mechanisms. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 511:746-752. [PMID: 30833074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.02.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
SOX9 is a key transcription factor during cell differentiation, sex determination, and tumorigenesis. However, the detailed mechanisms of its targeting strategy remain elusive. To investigate possibilities of targeting SOX9 with epigenetic drugs and the precise underlying mechanisms, two human cancer cell lines were chosen as model systems, which showed high SOX9 expression and anti-tumorigenic effects upon loss of SOX9. Histone acetylation-related screening of a small panel of epigenetic drugs revealed that the bromodomain reader inhibitor JQ1 dramatically downregulated SOX9 through multiple regulation steps, namely, transcription, BRD4-SOX9 protein-protein interaction, and further protein stability. These findings suggest that BRD4 inhibition is a novel therapeutic strategy for diseases characterized by SOX9 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hwi Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Jueng Soo You
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea; Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, South Korea.
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16
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Aguilar-Medina M, Avendaño-Félix M, Lizárraga-Verdugo E, Bermúdez M, Romero-Quintana JG, Ramos-Payan R, Ruíz-García E, López-Camarillo C. SOX9 Stem-Cell Factor: Clinical and Functional Relevance in Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:6754040. [PMID: 31057614 PMCID: PMC6463569 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6754040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional and epigenetic embryonic programs can be reactivated in cancer cells. As result, a specific subset of undifferentiated cells with stem-cells properties emerges and drives tumorigenesis. Recent findings have shown that ectoderm- and endoderm-derived tissues continue expressing stem-cells related transcription factors of the SOX-family of proteins such as SOX2 and SOX9 which have been implicated in the presence of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) in tumors. Currently, there is enough evidence suggesting an oncogenic role for SOX9 in different types of human cancers. This review provides a summary of the current knowledge about the involvement of SOX9 in development and progression of cancer. Understanding the functional roles of SOX9 and clinical relevance is crucial for developing novel treatments targeting CSCs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maribel Aguilar-Medina
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Mariana Avendaño-Félix
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Erik Lizárraga-Verdugo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Mercedes Bermúdez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | | | - Rosalío Ramos-Payan
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Erika Ruíz-García
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional y Departamento de Tumores Gastro-Intestinales, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. CDMX, Mexico
| | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
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17
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Ramana CV. Insights into the Signal Transduction Pathways of Mouse Lung Type II Cells Revealed by Transcription Factor Profiling in the Transcriptome. Genomics Inform 2019; 17:e8. [PMID: 30929409 PMCID: PMC6459171 DOI: 10.5808/gi.2019.17.1.e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar type II cells constitute a small fraction of the total lung cell mass. However, they play an important role in many cellular processes including trans-differentiation into type I cells as well as repair of lung injury in response to toxic chemicals and respiratory pathogens. Transcription factors are the regulatory proteins dynamically modulating DNA structure and gene expression. Transcription factor profiling in microarray datasets revealed that several members of AP1, ATF, NF-kB, and C/EBP families involved in diverse responses were expressed in mouse lung type II cells. A transcriptional factor signature consisting of Cebpa, Srebf1, Stat3, Klf5, and Elf3 was identified in lung type II cells, Sox9+ pluripotent lung stem cells as well as in mouse lung development. Identification of the transcription factor profile in mouse lung type II cells will serve as a useful resource and facilitate the integrated analysis of signal transduction pathways and specific gene targets in a variety of physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chilakamarti V Ramana
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
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18
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Song H, Xu Y, Shi L, Xu T, Fan R, Cao M, Xu W, Song J. LncRNA THOR increases the stemness of gastric cancer cells via enhancing SOX9 mRNA stability. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:338-346. [PMID: 30227327 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aims to explore the roles and mechanisms of long non coding RNA (lncRNA) THOR in regulating the stemness of gastric cancer cells. RNA-sequencing combined with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) indicated that lncRNA THOR level was significantly upregulated in gastric cancer tissues compared with that in normal adjacent tissues. Knockdown of THOR attenuated the stemnness of gastric cancer cells, evident by the decrease of stemness markers expression and capacity of cells spheroid formation. Further RNA-sequencing combined with qRT-PCR and western blot analysis demonstrated that expression of transcriptional factor SOX9 was remarkably decreased in gastric cancer cells with THOR stable knockdown. Additionally, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) combined with luciferase reporter assay revealed that THOR directly bound to SOX9 3' untranslated region (3'UTR), but not its 5'UTR or coding area. Notably, overexpression of SOX9 rescued THOR knockdown-mediated inhibition on the stemness of gastric cancer cells. Thus, our results suggest that THOR could potentiate the stemness of gastric cancer cells via directly binding to SOX9 3'UTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Song
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, PR China; Institute of Digestive Disease, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, PR China
| | - Yixin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, PR China; Institute of Digestive Disease, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, PR China
| | - Linseng Shi
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, PR China; Institute of Digestive Disease, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, PR China
| | - Teng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, PR China; Institute of Digestive Disease, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, PR China
| | - Ruizhi Fan
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, PR China; Institute of Digestive Disease, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, PR China
| | - Meng Cao
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, PR China; Institute of Digestive Disease, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, PR China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, PR China; Institute of Digestive Disease, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, PR China
| | - Jun Song
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, PR China; Institute of Digestive Disease, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, PR China.
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