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Garbarino S, Bragazzi NL. Revolutionizing Sleep Health: The Emergence and Impact of Personalized Sleep Medicine. J Pers Med 2024; 14:598. [PMID: 38929819 PMCID: PMC11204813 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14060598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Personalized sleep medicine represents a transformative shift in healthcare, emphasizing individualized approaches to optimizing sleep health, considering the bidirectional relationship between sleep and health. This field moves beyond conventional methods, tailoring care to the unique physiological and psychological needs of individuals to improve sleep quality and manage disorders. Key to this approach is the consideration of diverse factors like genetic predispositions, lifestyle habits, environmental factors, and underlying health conditions. This enables more accurate diagnoses, targeted treatments, and proactive management. Technological advancements play a pivotal role in this field: wearable devices, mobile health applications, and advanced diagnostic tools collect detailed sleep data for continuous monitoring and analysis. The integration of machine learning and artificial intelligence enhances data interpretation, offering personalized treatment plans based on individual sleep profiles. Moreover, research on circadian rhythms and sleep physiology is advancing our understanding of sleep's impact on overall health. The next generation of wearable technology will integrate more seamlessly with IoT and smart home systems, facilitating holistic sleep environment management. Telemedicine and virtual healthcare platforms will increase accessibility to specialized care, especially in remote areas. Advancements will also focus on integrating various data sources for comprehensive assessments and treatments. Genomic and molecular research could lead to breakthroughs in understanding individual sleep disorders, informing highly personalized treatment plans. Sophisticated methods for sleep stage estimation, including machine learning techniques, are improving diagnostic precision. Computational models, particularly for conditions like obstructive sleep apnea, are enabling patient-specific treatment strategies. The future of personalized sleep medicine will likely involve cross-disciplinary collaborations, integrating cognitive behavioral therapy and mental health interventions. Public awareness and education about personalized sleep approaches, alongside updated regulatory frameworks for data security and privacy, are essential. Longitudinal studies will provide insights into evolving sleep patterns, further refining treatment approaches. In conclusion, personalized sleep medicine is revolutionizing sleep disorder treatment, leveraging individual characteristics and advanced technologies for improved diagnosis, treatment, and management. This shift towards individualized care marks a significant advancement in healthcare, enhancing life quality for those with sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Garbarino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal/Child Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy;
- Post-Graduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
- Human Nutrition Unit (HNU), Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
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Ahmed MMS, Zhao Y, Al-Hadad SA, Li C, Wang L, Hu W, Ahmed MMS, Musa M, Chen X, Alhammadi MS. Three-dimensional evaluation of upper pharyngeal airway, hyoid bone, and craniocervical changes following stabilization splint therapy in adult patients with temporomandibular joint disorders and mandibular deviation: A retrospective study. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2023; 124:101646. [PMID: 37751814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed primarily to analyze the three-dimensional (3D) changes in the pharyngeal airway (PA), and secondarily, the hyoid bone (HB) and the craniocervical (CC) following stabilization splint (SS) therapy in adult patients with temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) and mandibular deviation (MD). METHODS Thirty-five adult patients with TMD and MD, who were treated using SS with a mean age of 25.14 ± 6.11 years, were enrolled in this retrospective clinical study. Pre- and post-therapeutic cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were analyzed. PA dimension,nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, sub-hypopharyngeal, and total pharyngeal airway spaces were measured in surface area, volume, minimum constricted area (MCA) and width, HB position, and CC posture were analyzed three-dimensionally using InVivo 6.0.3 and Dolphin 11.95 software. Wilcoxon rank-sum or Paired t-test was conducted, and P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS SS therapy was administered for a period of 9.49 ± 4.02 months. The oropharyngeal airway space showed a significant decrease in sagittal width. The hypopharyngeal surface area, volume, MCA, and sagittal width decreased significantly. In terms of HB, hyoid-mandibular plane (H-MP), retrognathia-third vertebra's most inferior-anterior (RGN-C3ia), and retrognathia-Sella (RGN-S) distances significantly decreased. The Nasion-Sella line and the line that passes through C2ip to the odontoid process posterior tangent (NSL-OPT) angle in CC posture also decreased significantly. CONCLUSION SS therapy in TMD patients with MD mainly results in narrowing of the hypopharyngeal region, no change in HB position and improvement in head posture. These results undoubtedly assist in diagnosis and treatment of clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Mohammed Saleh Ahmed
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China; Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dentistry, Aden University, Aden, Republic of Yemen
| | - Yunshan Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Saba Ahmed Al-Hadad
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China; Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ibb University, Ibb, Republic of Yemen
| | - Chunshen Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangqing Hu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Moutaz Mohammed Saleh Ahmed
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, International Education College, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mazen Musa
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China; Department of Orthodontics, Al Tegana Dental Teaching Hospital, University of Science and Technology, Omdurman, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Maged S Alhammadi
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
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Giap HV, Shin JW, Chae HS, Kim YH, Paeng JY, Choi HW. Pharyngeal Airway Morphology in Skeletal Class III With Mandibular Asymmetry is Improved After Bimaxillary Orthognathic Surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 79:1107-1121. [PMID: 33549539 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The relationship between pharyngeal airway morphology and jawbone movements in skeletal Class III patients with mandibular asymmetry after orthognathic surgery remains unclear. This study was to measure the changes in pharyngeal airway morphology in skeletal Class III patients with mandibular asymmetry after bimaxillary surgery and evaluate associations between changes in pharyngeal airway morphology and skeletal movements. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, skeletal Class III patients who underwent bimaxillary surgery were enrolled. The predictor variable was facial symmetry status divided into 2 groups, asymmetric (Group A) and symmetric (Group B). The primary outcome variables were changes in airway parameters, including cross-sectional linear distances, cross-sectional area (CSA), minimum CSA (Min-CSA), and volume; and airway asymmetry index between the preoperative and 6-month postoperative imaging studies. Correlation analysis was performed between upper airway and skeletal changes. RESULTS Twenty-five patients were included in this study, with 15 patients in Group A (mean age: 23.00 years; BMI: 22.83) and 10 patients in Group B (mean age: 22.30 years; BMI: 22.48). Group A showed a higher asymmetry index than Group B at T0; however, no significant differences compared to Group B at T1. The airway volume was significantly decreased in the oropharynx in Group A at T1, whereas it showed no significant differences in Group B (P < .05). Lateral movement of B point and Menton showed positive correlations with changes in Min-CSA in the oropharynx and negative correlations with changes in airway asymmetry index (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Pharyngeal airway exhibited an asymmetrical and constricted morphology in Group A before surgery. The airway morphology in Group A showed a tendency to adopt a symmetrical and less constricted shape after surgery. The airway space was reduced in the oropharynx in Group A after surgery. Surgical correction of mandibular asymmetry correlated with the improvement of pharyngeal airway morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Van Giap
- Graduate student, Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jeong Won Shin
- Clinical Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hwa Sung Chae
- Adjunctive Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jun-Young Paeng
- Clinical Professor, Department of Oral and maxillofacial surgery, The Institute of Oral Health Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Won Choi
- Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Oral Health Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Vidal-Manyari PA, Arriola-Guillén LE, Jimenez-Valdivia LM, Dias-Da Silveira HL, Boessio-Vizzotto M. Upper airways evaluation in young adults with an anterior open bite: A CBCT retrospective controlled and cross-sectional study. Int Orthod 2020; 18:276-285. [PMID: 32199748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the dimensions of the upper airway in young adults with anterior open bite versus matched individuals with an adequate overbite (control group) using different measurement approaches (linear, area, and volume measures). MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample included 137 cone-beam computed tomographies (CBCTs) of young adults (74 men and 63 women) divided into two groups: 47 CBCTs of individuals (mean age 27.89) with open bite (overbite depth indicator (ODI) 56.84°±9.48° and Frankfort mandibular plane angle (FMA) 31.21°±6.44°) and 90 CBCTs of individuals (mean age 26.87) without an open bite (ODI 62.24°±9.47°, FMA 26.79°±5.81°). Two trained and calibrated orthodontists made all linear, area, and volume measurements on the CBCT records of the upper airways using Planmeca Romexis software. The Mann-Whitney U-test, chi-squared test, and multiple linear regression were applied. Significance was set at P<0.05. RESULTS There were no differences in linear or volume measurements between groups, but there was a greater area in the open bite group (greater mean difference between groups 928.3 mm2) than the control group. No variable influenced nasopharyngeal airway volume, but ANB angle affected oropharyngeal airway volume (β=-623.87) and total airway volume (β=-651.48). CONCLUSIONS Orthodontists should be aware that the airways diagnosis can vary depending on the measurement approach used, the volumetric method being the gold standard. The pharyngeal airway volume was similar in individuals with vs. without an open bite and is mainly influenced by ANB angle in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mariana Boessio-Vizzotto
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Division of Oral radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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