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Salahshour F, Khameneh AG, Amirkhiz GDH, Yazdi NA, Shafiekhani S. Texture analysis on routine MRI sequences to differentiate between focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatocellular adenoma. Pol J Radiol 2023; 88:e589-e596. [PMID: 38362015 PMCID: PMC10867978 DOI: 10.5114/pjr.2023.134043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose We investigated the diagnostic power of texture analysis (TA) performed on MRI (T2-weighted, gadolinium-enhanced, and diffusion-weighted images) to differentiate between focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and hepatocellular adenoma (HCA). Material and methods This was a retrospective single-centre study. Patients referred for liver lesion characterization, who had a definitive pathological diagnosis, were included. MRI images were taken by a 3-Tesla scanner. The values of TA parameters were obtained using the ImageJ platform by an observer blinded to the clinical and pathology judgments. A non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was applied to compare parameters between the 2 groups. With receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity were calculated. Finally, we performed a binary logistic regression analysis. A p-value <0.05 was reported as statistically significant. Results A total of 62 patients with 106 lesions were enrolled. T2 hyperintensity, Atoll sign, and intralesional fat were encountered more in HCAs, and central scars were more frequent in FNHs. Multiple TA features showed statistically significant differences between FNHs and HCAs, including skewness on T2W and entropy on all sequences. Skewness on T2W revealed the most significant AUC (0.841, good, p < 0.0001). The resultant model from binary logistic regression was statistically significant (p < 0.0001) and correctly predicted 84.1% of lesions. The corresponding AUC was 0.942 (excellent, 95% CI: 0.892-0.992, p < 0.0001). Conclusion Multiple first-order TA parameters significantly differ between these lesions and have almost fair to good diagnostic power. They have differentiation potential and can add diagnostic value to routine MRI evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faeze Salahshour
- Department of Radiology, Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (ADIR) Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Liver Transplantation Research Center, Imam-Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshar Ghamari Khameneh
- Department of Radiology, Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (ADIR) Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gisoo Darban Hosseini Amirkhiz
- Department of Radiology, Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (ADIR) Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Ayoobi Yazdi
- Department of Radiology, Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (ADIR) Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Liver Transplantation Research Center, Imam-Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Shafiekhani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wang Q, Sheng Y, Jiang Z, Liu H, Lu H, Xing W. What Imaging Modality Is More Effective in Predicting Early Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Hepatectomy Using Radiomics Analysis: CT or MRI or Both? Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2012. [PMID: 37370907 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13122012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is of great importance to predict the early recurrence (ER) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatectomy using preoperative imaging modalities. Nevertheless, no comparative studies have been conducted to determine which modality, CT or MRI with radiomics analysis, is more effective. METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 119 HCC patients who underwent preoperative CT and MRI. A total of 3776 CT features and 4720 MRI features were extracted from the whole tumor. The minimum redundancy and maximum relevance algorithm (MRMR) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression were applied for feature selection, then support vector machines (SVMs) were applied for model construction. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to construct combined models that integrate clinical-radiological-pathological (CRP) traits and radscore. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to compare the efficacy of CT, MRI, and CT and MRI models in the test cohort. RESULTS The CT model and MRI model showed no significant difference in the prediction of ER in HCC patients (p = 0.911). RadiomicsCT&MRI demonstrated a superior predictive performance than either RadiomicsCT or RadiomicsMRI alone (p = 0.032, 0.039). The combined CT and MRI model can significantly stratify patients at high risk of ER (area under the curve (AUC) of 0.951 in the training set and 0.955 in the test set) than the CT model (AUC of 0.894 and 0.784) and the MRI model (AUC of 0.856 and 0.787). DCA demonstrated that the CT and MRI model provided a greater net benefit than the models without radiomics analysis. CONCLUSIONS No significant difference was found in predicting the ER of HCC between CT models and MRI models. However, the multimodal radiomics model derived from CT and MRI can significantly improve the prediction of ER in HCC patients after resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou First People's Hospital, Changzhou 213200, China
| | - Ye Sheng
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou First People's Hospital, Changzhou 213200, China
| | - Zhenxing Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou First People's Hospital, Changzhou 213200, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou First People's Hospital, Changzhou 213200, China
| | - Haitao Lu
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou First People's Hospital, Changzhou 213200, China
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou First People's Hospital, Changzhou 213200, China
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Miranda J, Horvat N, Fonseca GM, Araujo-Filho JDAB, Fernandes MC, Charbel C, Chakraborty J, Coelho FF, Nomura CH, Herman P. Current status and future perspectives of radiomics in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:43-60. [PMID: 36683711 PMCID: PMC9850949 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i1.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the frequent co-existence of an aggressive tumor and underlying chronic liver disease, the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients requires experienced multidisciplinary team discussion. Moreover, imaging plays a key role in the diagnosis, staging, restaging, and surveillance of HCC. Currently, imaging assessment of HCC entails the assessment of qualitative characteristics which are prone to inter-reader variability. Radiomics is an emerging field that extracts high-dimensional mineable quantitative features that cannot be assessed visually with the naked eye from medical imaging. The main potential applications of radiomic models in HCC are to predict histology, response to treatment, genetic signature, recurrence, and survival. Despite the encouraging results to date, there are challenges and limitations that need to be overcome before radiomics implementation in clinical practice. The purpose of this article is to review the main concepts and challenges pertaining to radiomics, and to review recent studies and potential applications of radiomics in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Miranda
- Department of Radiology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Natally Horvat
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | | | | | - Maria Clara Fernandes
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Charlotte Charbel
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Jayasree Chakraborty
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | | | - Cesar Higa Nomura
- Department of Radiology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Herman
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
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Chong H, Gong Y, Zhang Y, Dai Y, Sheng R, Zeng M. Radiomics on Gadoxetate Disodium-enhanced MRI: Non-invasively Identifying Glypican 3-Positive Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Postoperative Recurrence. Acad Radiol 2023; 30:49-63. [PMID: 35562264 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To investigate the impact of preoperative gadoxetate disodium (EOB) MRI-based radiomics on predicting glypican 3 (GPC3)-positive expression and the relevant recurrence-free survival (RFS) of HCC ≤ 5 cm. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between January 2014 and October 2018, 259 patients with solitary HCC ≤ 5 cm who underwent hepatectomy and preoperative EOB-MRI were retrieved. Multivariate logistic regression was implemented to identify independent predictors for GPC3. By combining five feature selection strategies and three classifiers, 15 GPC3-oriented radiomics models could be constructed, the best of which with independent clinicoradiologic predictors was integrated into the comprehensive nomogram. RESULTS GPC3 was an independent risk factor of postoperative recrudescence for HCC. Alpha-fetoprotein >20 ng/mL, homogenous T2 signal and hypointensity on hepatobiliary phase were independently related to GPC3-positive expression in the clinicoradiologic model. With 10 features selected by support vector machines-recursive feature elimination, logistic regression-based classifier achieved the best performance among 15 radiomics models. After five-fold cross-validation, our comprehensive nomogram acquired better average area under receiver operating characteristic curves (training and validation cohorts: 0.931 vs. 0.943) than the clinicoradiologic algorithm (0.738 vs. 0.739) and the optimal radiomics model (0.943 vs. 0.931). Net reclassification indexes further demonstrated the superiority of GPC3 nomogram over clinicoradiologic and radiomics algorithms (46.54%, p < 0.001; 7.84%, p = 0.207). Meanwhile, higher radiomics score significantly shortened the median RFS (from >77.9 to 48.2 months, p = 0.044), which was analogue to that of the histological GPC3-positive phenotype (from >73.9 to 43.2 months, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative EOB-MRI radiomics-based nomogram satisfactorily distinguished GPC3 status and outcomes of solitary HCC ≤ 5 cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Chong
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuda Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongming Dai
- Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruofan Sheng
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengsu Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China; Department of Medical Imaging, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Han YE, Cho Y, Kim MJ, Park BJ, Sung DJ, Han NY, Sim KC, Park YS, Park BN. Hepatocellular carcinoma pathologic grade prediction using radiomics and machine learning models of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI: a two-center study. ABDOMINAL RADIOLOGY (NEW YORK) 2023; 48:244-256. [PMID: 36131163 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-022-03679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a radiomics-based hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) grade classifier model based on data from gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. METHODS This retrospective study included 137 patients who underwent hepatectomy for a single HCC and gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI within 60 days before surgery. HCC grade was categorized as low or high (modified Edmondson-Steiner grade I-II vs. III-IV). We used the hepatobiliary phase (HBP), portal venous phase, T2-weighted image(T2WI), and T1-weighted image(T1WI). From the volume of interest in HCC, 833 radiomic features were extracted. Radiomic and clinical features were selected using a random forest regressor, and the classification model was trained and validated using a random forest classifier and tenfold stratified cross-validation. Eight models were developed using the radiomic features alone or by combining the radiomic and clinical features. Models were validated with internal enrolled data (internal validation) and a dataset (28 patients) at a separate institution (external validation). The area under the curve (AUC) of the validation results was compared using the DeLong test. RESULTS In internal and external validation, the HBP radiomics-only model showed the highest AUC (internal 0.80 ± 0.09, external 0.70 ± 0.09). In external validation, all models showed lower AUC than those for internal validation, while the T2WI and T1WI models failed to predict the HCC grade (AUC 0.30-0.58) in contrast to the internal validation results (AUC 0.67-0.78). CONCLUSION The radiomics-based machine learning model from gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver MRI could distinguish between low- and high-grade HCCs. The radiomics-only HBP model showed the best AUC among the eight models, good performance in internal validation, and fair performance in external validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo Eun Han
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongwon Cho
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,AI Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Kim
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Beom Jin Park
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Deuk Jae Sung
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Yeon Han
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Choon Sim
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Shin Park
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Bit Na Park
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
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Chan LWC, Wong SCC, Cho WCS, Huang M, Zhang F, Chui ML, Lai UNY, Chan TYK, Cheung ZHC, Cheung JCY, Tang KF, Tse ML, Wong HK, Kwok HMF, Shen X, Zhang S, Chiu KWH. Primary Tumor Radiomic Model for Identifying Extrahepatic Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 13:diagnostics13010102. [PMID: 36611394 PMCID: PMC9818425 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify radiomic features of primary tumor and develop a model for indicating extrahepatic metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Contrast-enhanced computed tomographic (CT) images of 177 HCC cases, including 26 metastatic (MET) and 151 non-metastatic (non-MET), were retrospectively collected and analyzed. For each case, 851 radiomic features, which quantify shape, intensity, texture, and heterogeneity within the segmented volume of the largest HCC tumor in arterial phase, were extracted using Pyradiomics. The dataset was randomly split into training and test sets. Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) was performed to augment the training set to 145 MET and 145 non-MET cases. The test set consists of six MET and six non-MET cases. The external validation set is comprised of 20 MET and 25 non-MET cases collected from an independent clinical unit. Logistic regression and support vector machine (SVM) models were identified based on the features selected using the stepwise forward method while the deep convolution neural network, visual geometry group 16 (VGG16), was trained using CT images directly. Grey-level size zone matrix (GLSZM) features constitute four of eight selected predictors of metastasis due to their perceptiveness to the tumor heterogeneity. The radiomic logistic regression model yielded an area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.944 on the test set and an AUROC of 0.744 on the external validation set. Logistic regression revealed no significant difference with SVM in the performance and outperformed VGG16 significantly. As extrahepatic metastasis workups, such as chest CT and bone scintigraphy, are standard but exhaustive, radiomic model facilitates a cost-effective method for stratifying HCC patients into eligibility groups of these workups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Wing Chi Chan
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Correspondence: (L.W.C.C.); (K.W.H.C.); Tel.: +852-34008561 (L.W.C.C.)
| | - Sze Chuen Cesar Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Mohan Huang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Man Lik Chui
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Una Ngo Yin Lai
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tiffany Yuen Kwan Chan
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zoe Hoi Ching Cheung
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jerry Chun Yin Cheung
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kin Fu Tang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Man Long Tse
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hung Kit Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hugo Man Fung Kwok
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xinping Shen
- Department of Radiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Sailong Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Keith Wan Hang Chiu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Radiology & Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Correspondence: (L.W.C.C.); (K.W.H.C.); Tel.: +852-34008561 (L.W.C.C.)
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Fahmy D, Alksas A, Elnakib A, Mahmoud A, Kandil H, Khalil A, Ghazal M, van Bogaert E, Contractor S, El-Baz A. The Role of Radiomics and AI Technologies in the Segmentation, Detection, and Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246123. [PMID: 36551606 PMCID: PMC9777232 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary hepatic neoplasm. Thanks to recent advances in computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), there is potential to improve detection, segmentation, discrimination from HCC mimics, and monitoring of therapeutic response. Radiomics, artificial intelligence (AI), and derived tools have already been applied in other areas of diagnostic imaging with promising results. In this review, we briefly discuss the current clinical applications of radiomics and AI in the detection, segmentation, and management of HCC. Moreover, we investigate their potential to reach a more accurate diagnosis of HCC and to guide proper treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Fahmy
- Diagnostic Radiology Department, Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Alksas
- Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Ahmed Elnakib
- Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Ali Mahmoud
- Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Heba Kandil
- Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Faculty of Computer Sciences and Information, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Khalil
- College of Technological Innovation, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi 4783, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Ghazal
- Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering Department, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi 59911, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eric van Bogaert
- Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sohail Contractor
- Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Ayman El-Baz
- Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Correspondence:
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Wei M, Lin M, Zhong X, Dai Z, Shen S, Li S, Peng Z, Kuang M. Role of Preoperational Imaging Traits for Guiding Treatment in Single ≤ 5 cm Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 29:5144-5153. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-11344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Elena Laino M, Viganò L, Ammirabile A, Lofino L, Generali E, Francone M, Lleo A, Saba L, Savevski V. The added value of Artificial Intelligence to LI-RADS categorization: a systematic review. Eur J Radiol 2022; 150:110251. [PMID: 35303556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Harding-Theobald E, Louissaint J, Maraj B, Cuaresma E, Townsend W, Mendiratta-Lala M, Singal AG, Su GL, Lok AS, Parikh ND. Systematic review: radiomics for the diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021; 54:890-901. [PMID: 34390014 PMCID: PMC8435007 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in imaging technology have the potential to transform the early diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through quantitative image analysis. Computational "radiomic" techniques extract biomarker information from images which can be used to improve diagnosis and predict tumour biology. AIMS To perform a systematic review on radiomic features in HCC diagnosis and prognosis, with a focus on reporting metrics and methodologic standardisation. METHODS We performed a systematic review of all full-text articles published from inception through December 1, 2019. Standardised data extraction and quality assessment metrics were applied to all studies. RESULTS A total of 54 studies were included for analysis. Radiomic features demonstrated good discriminatory performance to differentiate HCC from other solid lesions (c-statistics 0.66-0.95), and to predict microvascular invasion (c-statistic 0.76-0.92), early recurrence after hepatectomy (c-statistics 0.71-0.86), and prognosis after locoregional or systemic therapies (c-statistics 0.74-0.81). Common stratifying features for diagnostic and prognostic radiomic tools included analyses of imaging skewness, analysis of the peritumoural region, and feature extraction from the arterial imaging phase. The overall quality of the included studies was low, with common deficiencies in both internal and external validation, standardised imaging segmentation, and lack of comparison to a gold standard. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative image analysis demonstrates promise as a non-invasive biomarker to improve HCC diagnosis and management. However, standardisation of protocols and outcome measurement, sharing of algorithms and analytic methods, and external validation are necessary prior to widespread application of radiomics to HCC diagnosis and prognosis in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Harding-Theobald
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jeremy Louissaint
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bharat Maraj
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Edward Cuaresma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Whitney Townsend
- Division of Library Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Amit G Singal
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Grace L Su
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anna S Lok
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Neehar D Parikh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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11
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Kuang Y, Li R, Jia P, Ye W, Zhou R, Zhu R, Wang J, Lin S, Pang P, Ji W. MRI-Based Radiomics: Nomograms predicting the short-term response after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with diameter less than 5 cm. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021; 46:3772-3789. [PMID: 33713159 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-021-02992-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To construct MRI radiomics nomograms that can predict short-term response after TACE in HCC patients with diameter less than 5 cm. METHODS MRI images and clinical data of 153 cases with tumor diameter less than 5 cm before TACE from 3 hospitals were collected retrospectively and divided into 1 internal training set and 1 external validation set. The T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI arterial phase (DCE-MR AP) images were studied. Multivariable logistic regression was used to construct Radiomics models, Clinics models, and Nomograms based on T2WI and DCE-MR AP, respectively. The receiver characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the predictive performance of each model. RESULTS In this study, 113 eligible cases in Hospital 1 were collected as the training set, and 40 eligible cases in other hospitals were used as the verification set. 11 T2WI features and 11 DCE-MRI AP features with the most predictive value were finally screened. 3 models based on T2WI and 3 models based on DCE-MRI AP were established, respectively. The area under curve (AUC) value of Nomogram based on T2WI of training set and validation set was 0.83 and 0.81, respectively. The AUC value of the models based on T2WI and models based on AP was almost equal, and Nomograms were the most effective models among all three types of models. CONCLUSION MRI-based Nomogram has greater predictive efficacy to predict the response after TACE than Radiomics and Clinics models alone, and the efficacy of T2WI-based models and DCE-MRI AP-based models was almost equal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Kuang
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, No. 150 Ximen Street, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Renzhan Li
- Sanmen People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Peng Jia
- First People's Hospital of Taizhou city, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenhai Ye
- Sanmen People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Rongzhen Zhou
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, No. 150 Ximen Street, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, No. 150 Ximen Street, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, No. 150 Ximen Street, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuangxiang Lin
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, No. 150 Ximen Street, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Wenbin Ji
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, No. 150 Ximen Street, Linhai, Zhejiang, China.
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12
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Wen L, Weng S, Yan C, Ye R, Zhu Y, Zhou L, Gao L, Li Y. A Radiomics Nomogram for Preoperative Prediction of Early Recurrence of Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Surgical Resection or Radiofrequency Ablation. Front Oncol 2021; 11:657039. [PMID: 34026632 PMCID: PMC8139248 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.657039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (3 cm) still have a poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to develop a radiomics nomogram to preoperatively predict early recurrence (ER) (2 years) of small HCC. Methods The study population included 111 patients with small HCC who underwent surgical resection (SR) or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) between September 2015 and September 2018 and were followed for at least 2 years. Radiomic features were extracted from the entire tumor by using the MaZda software. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASS0) method was applied for feature selection, and radiomics signature construction. A rad-score was then calculated. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to establish a prediction model including independent clinical risk factors, radiologic features and rad-score, which was ultimately presented as a radiomics nomogram. The predictive ability of the nomogram was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and internal validation was performed via bootstrap resampling and 5-fold cross-validation method. Results A total of 53 (53/111, 47.7%) patients had confirmed ER according to the final clinical outcomes. In univariate logistic regression analysis, cirrhosis and hepatitis B infection (P=0.015 and 0.083, respectively), hepatobiliary phase hypointensity (P=0.089), Child-Pugh score (P=0.083), the preoperative platelet count (P=0.003), and rad-score (P<0.001) were correlated with ER. However, after multivariate logistic regression analysis, only the preoperative platelet count and rad-score were included as predictors in the final model. The area under ROC curve (AUC) of the radiomics nomogram to predict ER of small HCC was 0.981 (95% CI: 0.957, 1.00), while the AUC verified by bootstrap is 0.980 (95% CI: 0.962, 1.00), indicating the goodness-of-fit of the final model. Conclusions The radiomics nomogram containing the clinical risk factors and rad-score can be used as a quantitative tool to preoperatively predict individual probability of ER of small HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Wen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuping Weng
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chuan Yan
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rongping Ye
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuemin Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lanmei Gao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yueming Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
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13
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Chen Y, Liu Z, Mo Y, Li B, Zhou Q, Peng S, Li S, Kuang M. Prediction of Post-hepatectomy Liver Failure in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Radiomics Using Gd-EOB-DTPA-Enhanced MRI: The Liver Failure Model. Front Oncol 2021; 11:605296. [PMID: 33777748 PMCID: PMC7987905 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.605296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Preoperative prediction of post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is significant for developing appropriate treatment strategies. We aimed to establish a radiomics-based clinical model for preoperative prediction of PHLF in HCC patients using gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: A total of 144 HCC patients from two medical centers were included, with 111 patients as the training cohort and 33 patients as the test cohort, respectively. Radiomics features and clinical variables were selected to construct a radiomics model and a clinical model, respectively. A combined logistic regression model, the liver failure (LF) model that incorporated the developed radiomics signature and clinical risk factors was then constructed. The performance of these models was evaluated and compared by plotting the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calculating the area under the curve (AUC) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The radiomics model showed a higher AUC than the clinical model in the training cohort and the test cohort for predicting PHLF in HCC patients. Moreover, the LF model had the highest AUCs in both cohorts [0.956 (95% CI: 0.955–0.962) and 0.844 (95% CI: 0.833–0.886), respectively], compared with the radiomics model and the clinical model. Conclusions: We evaluated quantitative radiomics features from MRI images and presented an externally validated radiomics-based clinical model, the LF model for the prediction of PHLF in HCC patients, which could assist clinicians in making treatment strategies before surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zelong Liu
- Division of Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunxian Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Radiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Li
- Clinical Trial Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Clinical Trial Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sui Peng
- Clinical Trial Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoqiang Li
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Kuang
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Division of Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Wei L, Owen D, Rosen B, Guo X, Cuneo K, Lawrence TS, Ten Haken R, El Naqa I. A deep survival interpretable radiomics model of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Phys Med 2021; 82:295-305. [PMID: 33714190 PMCID: PMC8035300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aims to identify a new radiomics signature using imaging phenotypes and clinical variables for risk prediction of overall survival (OS) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). 167 patients were retrospectively analyzed with repeated nested cross-validation to mitigate overfitting issues. 56 radiomic features were extracted from pre-treatment contrast-enhanced (CE) CT images. 37 clinical factors were obtained from patients' electronic records. Variational autoencoders (VAE) based survival models were designed for radiomics and clinical features and a convolutional neural network (CNN) survival model was used for the CECT. Finally, radiomics, clinical and raw image deep learning network (DNN) models were combined to predict the risk probability for OS. The final models yielded c-indices of 0.579 (95%CI: 0.544-0.621), 0.629 (95%CI: 0.601-0.643), 0.581 (95%CI: 0.553-0.613) and 0.650 (95%CI: 0.635-0.683) for radiomics, clinical, image input and combined models on nested cross validation scheme, respectively. Integrated gradients method was used to interpret the trained models. Our interpretability analysis of the DNN showed that the top ranked features were clinical liver function and liver exclusive of tumor radiomics features, which suggests a prominent role of side effects and toxicities in liver outside the tumor region in determining the survival rate of these patients. In summary, novel deep radiomic analysis provides improved performance for risk assessment of HCC prognosis compared with Cox survival models and may facilitate stratification of HCC patients and personalization of their treatment strategies. Liver function was found to contribute most to the OS for these HCC patients and radiomics can aid in their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Dawn Owen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Benjamin Rosen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xinzhou Guo
- Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyle Cuneo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Theodore S Lawrence
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Randall Ten Haken
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Issam El Naqa
- Department of Machine Learning, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
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15
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Texture Analysis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma on Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Assessment for Performance in Predicting Histopathologic Grade. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2020; 44:901-910. [PMID: 32976263 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000001087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of texture analysis for discriminating the histopathological grade of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging data from 101 patients with HCC, including T2-weighted imaging, arterial phase, and apparent diffusion coefficient mapping, were analyzed using texture analysis software (TexRAD). Differences among the histological groups were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. The performance of texture features was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS Entropy was the most significantly relevant texture feature for distinguishing each histological grade group of HCC (P < 0.05). In ROC analysis, entropy with spatial scale filter 3 (area under curve the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC], 0.778), mean with coarse filter (spatial scale filter 5; AUC, 0.670), and skewness without filtration (AUC, 0.760) had the highest AUC value on T2-weighted imaging, arterial phase, and apparent diffusion coefficient maps, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Magnetic resonance imaging texture analysis demonstrated potential for predicting the histopathological grade of HCCs.
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16
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Wilson GC, Cannella R, Fiorentini G, Shen C, Borhani A, Furlan A, Tsung A. Texture analysis on preoperative contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging identifies microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. HPB (Oxford) 2020; 22:1622-1630. [PMID: 32229091 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiomic texture analysis quantifies tumor heterogeneity. The aim of this study is to determine if radiomics can predict biologic aggressiveness in HCC and identify tumors with MVI. METHODS Single-center, retrospective review of HCC patients undergoing resection/ablation with curative intent from 2009 to 2017. DICOM images from preoperative MRIs were analyzed with texture analysis software. Texture analysis parameters extracted on T1, T2, hepatic arterial phase (HAP) and portal venous phase (PVP) images. Multivariate logistic regression analysis evaluated factors associated with MVI. RESULTS MVI was present in 52.2% (n = 133) of HCCs. On multivariate analysis only T1 mean (OR = 0.97, 95%CI 0.95-0.99, p = 0.043) and PVP entropy (OR = 4.7, 95%CI 1.37-16.3, p = 0.014) were associated with tumor MVI. Area under ROC curve was 0.83 for this final model. Empirical optimal cutpoint for PVP tumor entropy and T1 tumor mean were 5.73 and 23.41, respectively. At these cutpoint values, sensitivity was 0.68 and 0.5, respectively and specificity was 0.64 and 0.86. When both criteria were met, the probability of MVI in the tumor was 87%. CONCLUSION Tumor entropy and mean are both associated with MVI. Texture analysis on preoperative imaging correlates with microscopic features of HCC and can be used to predict patients with high-risk tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory C Wilson
- Departments of Surgery and Radiology, Liver Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Roberto Cannella
- Departments of Surgery and Radiology, Liver Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Guido Fiorentini
- Departments of Surgery and Radiology, Liver Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Chengli Shen
- Departments of Surgery and Radiology, Liver Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amir Borhani
- Departments of Surgery and Radiology, Liver Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alessandro Furlan
- Departments of Surgery and Radiology, Liver Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Departments of Surgery and Radiology, Liver Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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17
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Masokano IB, Liu W, Xie S, Marcellin DFH, Pei Y, Li W. The application of texture quantification in hepatocellular carcinoma using CT and MRI: a review of perspectives and challenges. Cancer Imaging 2020; 20:67. [PMID: 32962762 PMCID: PMC7510095 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-020-00341-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, radiomic texture quantification of tumors has received much attention from radiologists, scientists, and stakeholders because several results have shown the feasibility of using the technique to diagnose and manage oncological conditions. In patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, radiomics has been applied in all stages of tumor evaluation, including diagnosis and characterization of the genotypic behavior of the tumor, monitoring of treatment responses and prediction of various clinical endpoints. It is also useful in selecting suitable candidates for specific treatment strategies. However, the clinical validation of hepatocellular carcinoma radiomics is limited by challenges in imaging protocol and data acquisition parameters, challenges in segmentation techniques, dimensionality reduction, and modeling methods. Identification of the best segmentation and optimal modeling methods, as well as texture features most stable to imaging protocol variability would go a long way in harmonizing HCC radiomics for personalized patient care. This article reviews the process of HCC radiomics, its clinical applications, associated challenges, and current optimization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Bilal Masokano
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Wenguang Liu
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Simin Xie
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | | | - Yigang Pei
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Wenzheng Li
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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18
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Kim C, Cigarroa N, Surabhi V, Ganeshan B, Pillai AK. Retrospective CT/MRI Texture Analysis of Rapidly Progressive Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10030136. [PMID: 32967100 PMCID: PMC7564860 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapidly progressive hepatocellular carcinoma (RPHCC) is a subset of hepatocellular carcinoma that demonstrates accelerated growth, and the radiographic features of RPHCC versus non-RPHCC have not been determined. The purpose of this retrospective study was to use baseline radiologic features and texture analysis for the accurate detection of RPHCC and subsequent improvement of clinical outcomes. We conducted a qualitative visual analysis and texture analysis, which selectively extracted and enhanced imaging features of different sizes and intensity variation including mean gray-level intensity (mean), standard deviation (SD), entropy, mean of the positive pixels (MPP), skewness, and kurtosis at each spatial scaling factor (SSF) value of RPHCC and non-RPHCC tumors in a computed tomography (CT) cohort of n = 11 RPHCC and n = 11 non-RPHCC and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cohort of n = 13 RPHCC and n = 10 non-RPHCC. There was a statistically significant difference across visual CT irregular margins p = 0.030 and CT texture features in SSF between RPHCC and non-RPHCC for SSF-6, coarse-texture scale, mean p = 0.023, SD p = 0.053, MPP p = 0.023. A composite score of mean SSF-6 binarized + SD SSF-6 binarized + MPP SSF-6 binarized + irregular margins was significantly different between RPHCC and non-RPHCC (p = 0.001). A composite score ≥3 identified RPHCC with a sensitivity of 81.8% and specificity of 81.8% (AUC = 0.884, p = 0.002). CT coarse-texture-scale features in combination with visually detected irregular margins were able to statistically differentiate between RPHCC and non-RPHCC. By developing an image-based, non-invasive diagnostic criterion, we created a composite score that can identify RPHCC patients at their early stages when they are still eligible for transplantation, improving the clinical course of patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charissa Kim
- Department of Surgery, Huntington Memorial Hospital, 100 W California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA;
| | - Natasha Cigarroa
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Venkateswar Surabhi
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Balaji Ganeshan
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College Medicine, 5th Floor, Tower University College Hospital, 235 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK;
| | - Anil K. Pillai
- Division of Vascular Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
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19
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Wei J, Jiang H, Gu D, Niu M, Fu F, Han Y, Song B, Tian J. Radiomics in liver diseases: Current progress and future opportunities. Liver Int 2020; 40:2050-2063. [PMID: 32515148 PMCID: PMC7496410 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Liver diseases, a wide spectrum of pathologies from inflammation to neoplasm, have become an increasingly significant health problem worldwide. Noninvasive imaging plays a critical role in the clinical workflow of liver diseases, but conventional imaging assessment may provide limited information. Accurate detection, characterization and monitoring remain challenging. With progress in quantitative imaging analysis techniques, radiomics emerged as an efficient tool that shows promise to aid in personalized diagnosis and treatment decision-making. Radiomics could reflect the heterogeneity of liver lesions via extracting high-throughput and high-dimensional features from multi-modality imaging. Machine learning algorithms are then used to construct clinical target-oriented imaging biomarkers to assist disease management. Here, we review the methodological process in liver disease radiomics studies in a stepwise fashion from data acquisition and curation, region of interest segmentation, liver-specific feature extraction, to task-oriented modelling. Furthermore, the applications of radiomics in liver diseases are outlined in aspects of diagnosis and staging, evaluation of liver tumour biological behaviours, and prognosis according to different disease type. Finally, we discuss the current limitations of radiomics in liver disease studies and explore its future opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular ImagingInstitute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular ImagingBeijingChina
| | - Hanyu Jiang
- Department of RadiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Dongsheng Gu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular ImagingInstitute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular ImagingBeijingChina
| | - Meng Niu
- Department of Interventional RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Fangfang Fu
- Department of Medical ImagingHenan Provincial People’s HospitalZhengzhouHenanChina
- Department of Medical ImagingPeople’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University. ZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Yuqi Han
- Key Laboratory of Molecular ImagingInstitute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular ImagingBeijingChina
| | - Bin Song
- Department of RadiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular ImagingInstitute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular ImagingBeijingChina
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data‐Based Precision MedicineSchool of MedicineBeihang UniversityBeijingChina
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXidian UniversityXi’anShaanxiChina
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20
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Granata V, Fusco R, Risi C, Ottaiano A, Avallone A, De Stefano A, Grimm R, Grassi R, Brunese L, Izzo F, Petrillo A. Diffusion-Weighted MRI and Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging to Detect RAS Mutation in Colorectal Liver Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092420. [PMID: 32858990 PMCID: PMC7565693 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Imaging derived parameters can provide data on tumor phenotype as well as cancer microenvironment. Radiomics has recently shown potential in realizing personalized medicine. The aim of the manuscript is to detect RAS mutation in colorectal liver metastasis by Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DWI-MRI) - and Diffusion Kurtosis imaging (DKI)-derived parameters. We demonstrated that DKI derived parameters allows to detect RAS mutation in liver metastasis. Abstract Objectives: To detect RAS mutation in colorectal liver metastasis by Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DWI-MRI) - and Diffusion Kurtosis imaging (DKI)-derived parameters. Methods: In total, 106 liver metastasis (60 metastases with RAS mutation) in 52 patients were included in this retrospective study. Diffusion and perfusion parameters were derived by DWI (apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), basal signal (S0), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (DP), perfusion fraction (FP) and tissue diffusivity (DT)) and DKI data (mean of diffusion coefficient (MD) and mean of diffusional Kurtosis (MK)). Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney U tests for non-parametric variables and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were calculated with area under ROC curve (AUC). Moreover, pattern recognition approaches (linear classifier, support vector machine, k-nearest neighbours, decision tree), with features selection methods and a leave-one-out cross validation approach, were considered. Results: A significant discrimination between the group with RAS mutation and the group without RAS mutation was obtained by the standard deviation value of MK (MK STD), by the mean value of MD, and by that of FP. The best results were reached by MK STD with an AUC of 0.80 (sensitivity of 72%, specificity of 85%, accuracy of 79%) using a cut-off of 203.90 × 10−3, and by the mean value of MD with AUC of 0.80 (sensitivity of 84%, specificity of 73%, accuracy of 77%) using a cut-off of 1694.30 mm2/s × 10−6. Considering all extracted features or the predictors obtained by the features selection method (the mean value of S0, the standard deviation value of MK, FP and of DT), the tested pattern recognition approaches did not determine an increase in diagnostic accuracy to detect RAS mutation (AUC of 0.73 and 0.69, respectively). Conclusions: Diffusion-Weighted imaging and Diffusion Kurtosis imaging could be used to detect the RAS mutation in liver metastasis. The standard deviation value of MK and the mean value of MD were the more accurate parameters in the RAS mutation detection, with an AUC of 0.80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Granata
- Radiology Division, Istituto Nazionale Tumori–IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italia, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Radiology Division, Istituto Nazionale Tumori–IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italia, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.G.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0815-90714; Fax: 39-0815-903825
| | - Chiara Risi
- Radiology Division, Universita’ Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Ottaiano
- Abdominal Oncology Division, Istituto Nazionale Tumori–IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italia, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.O.); (A.A.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Antonio Avallone
- Abdominal Oncology Division, Istituto Nazionale Tumori–IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italia, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.O.); (A.A.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Alfonso De Stefano
- Abdominal Oncology Division, Istituto Nazionale Tumori–IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italia, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.O.); (A.A.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Robert Grimm
- Siemens Healthcare GmbH, 91052 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Roberta Grassi
- Radiology Division, Universita’ Degli Studi Della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Luca Brunese
- Rector of the Universita’ Degli Studi Del Molise, 86100 Molise, Italy;
| | - Francesco Izzo
- Hepatobiliary Surgical Oncology Division, Istituto Nazionale Tumori–IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italia, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Antonella Petrillo
- Radiology Division, Istituto Nazionale Tumori–IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italia, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.G.); (A.P.)
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21
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Bagante F, Tripepi M, Spolverato G, Tsilimigras DI, Pawlik TM. Assessing prognosis in cholangiocarcinoma: a review of promising genetic markers and imaging approaches. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2020.1801410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Bagante
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marzia Tripepi
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gaya Spolverato
- Clinica Chirurgica I, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences (Discog), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Diamantis I. Tsilimigras
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Timothy M. Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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22
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Liu X, Khalvati F, Namdar K, Fischer S, Lewis S, Taouli B, Haider MA, Jhaveri KS. Can machine learning radiomics provide pre-operative differentiation of combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma from hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma to inform optimal treatment planning? Eur Radiol 2020; 31:244-255. [PMID: 32749585 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-07119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To differentiate combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CC) from cholangiocarcinoma (CC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using machine learning on MRI and CT radiomics features. METHODS This retrospective study included 85 patients aged 32 to 86 years with 86 histopathology-proven liver cancers: 24 cHCC-CC, 24 CC, and 38 HCC who had MRI and CT between 2004 and 2018. Initial CT reports and morphological evaluation of MRI features were used to assess the performance of radiologists read. Following tumor segmentation, 1419 radiomics features were extracted using PyRadiomics library and reduced to 20 principle components by principal component analysis. Support vector machine classifier was utilized to evaluate MRI and CT radiomics features for the prediction of cHCC-CC vs. non-cHCC-CC and HCC vs. non-HCC. Histopathology was the reference standard for all tumors. RESULTS Radiomics MRI features demonstrated the best performance for differentiation of cHCC-CC from non-cHCC-CC with the highest AUC of 0.77 (SD 0.19) while CT was of limited value. Contrast-enhanced MRI phases and pre-contrast and portal-phase CT showed excellent performance for the differentiation of HCC from non-HCC (AUC of 0.79 (SD 0.07) to 0.81 (SD 0.13) for MRI and AUC of 0.81 (SD 0.06) and 0.71 (SD 0.15) for CT phases, respectively). The misdiagnosis of cHCC-CC as HCC or CC using radiologists read was 69% for CT and 58% for MRI. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate promising predictive performance of MRI and CT radiomics features using machine learning analysis for differentiation of cHCC-CC from HCC and CC with potential implications for treatment decisions. KEY POINTS • Retrospective study demonstrated promising predictive performance of MRI radiomics features in the differentiation of cHCC-CC from HCC and CC and of CT radiomics features in the differentiation of HCC from cHCC-CC and CC. • With future validation, radiomics analysis has the potential to inform current clinical practice for the pre-operative diagnosis of cHCC-CC and to enable optimal treatment decisions regards liver resection and transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Liu
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Farzad Khalvati
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Khashayar Namdar
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sandra Fischer
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sara Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bachir Taouli
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Masoom A Haider
- Department of Medical Imaging, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute and Sinai Health System, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kartik S Jhaveri
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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23
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Zhang Q, Lou Y, Bai XL, Liang TB. Intratumoral heterogeneity of hepatocellular carcinoma: From single-cell to population-based studies. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:3720-3736. [PMID: 32774053 PMCID: PMC7383842 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i26.3720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by high heterogeneity in both intratumoral and interpatient manners. While interpatient heterogeneity is related to personalized therapy, intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) largely influences the efficacy of therapies in individuals. ITH contributes to tumor growth, metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance and consequently limits the prognosis of patients with HCC. There is an urgent need to understand the causes, characteristics, and consequences of tumor heterogeneity in HCC for the purposes of guiding clinical practice and improving survival. Here, we summarize the studies and technologies that describe ITH in HCC to gain insight into the origin and evolutionary process of heterogeneity. In parallel, evidence is collected to delineate the dynamic relationship between ITH and the tumor ecosystem. We suggest that conducting comprehensive studies of ITH using single-cell approaches in temporal and spatial dimensions, combined with population-based clinical trials, will help to clarify the clinical implications of ITH, develop novel intervention strategies, and improve patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu Lou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xue-Li Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ting-Bo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
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24
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King MJ, Hectors S, Lee KM, Omidele O, Babb JS, Schwartz M, Tabrizian P, Taouli B, Lewis S. Outcomes assessment in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma using qualitative and quantitative imaging features. Cancer Imaging 2020; 20:43. [PMID: 32620153 PMCID: PMC7333305 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-020-00323-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the performance of imaging features, including radiomics texture features, in predicting histopathologic tumor grade, AJCC stage, and outcomes [time to recurrence (TTR) and overall survival (OS)] in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). METHODS Seventy-three patients (26 M/47F, mean age 63y) with pre-operative imaging (CT, n = 37; MRI, n = 21; CT and MRI, n = 15] within 6 months of resection were included in this retrospective study. Qualitative imaging traits were assessed by 2 observers. A 3rd observer measured tumor apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), enhancement ratios (ERs), and Haralick texture features. Blood biomarkers and imaging features were compared with histopathology (tumor grade and AJCC stage) and outcomes (TTR and OS) using log-rank, generalized Wilcoxon, Cox proportional hazards regression, and Fisher exact tests. RESULTS Median TTR and OS were 53.9 and 79.7 months. ICC recurred in 64.4% (47/73) of patients and 46.6% (34/73) of patients died. There was fair accuracy for some qualitative imaging features in the prediction of worse tumor grade (maximal AUC of 0.68 for biliary obstruction on MRI, p = 0.032, observer 1) and higher AJCC stage (maximal AUC of 0.73 for biliary obstruction on CT, p = 0.002, observer 2; and AUC of 0.73 for vascular involvement on MRI, p = 0.01, observer 2). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that CA 19-9 [hazard ratio (HR) 2.44/95% confidence interval (CI) 1.31-4.57/p = 0.005)] and tumor size on imaging (HR 1.13/95% CI 1.04-1.22/p = 0.003) were significant predictors of TTR, while CA 19-9 (HR 4.08/95% CI 1.75-9.56, p = 0.001) and presence of metastatic lymph nodes at histopathology (HR 2.86/95% CI 1.35-6.07/p = 0.006) were significant predictors of OS. On multivariable analysis, satellite lesions on CT (HR 2.79/95%CI 1.01-7.15/p = 0.032, observer 2), vascular involvement on MRI (HR 0.10/95% CI 0.01-0.85/p = 0.032, observer 1), and texture feature MRI variance (HR 0.55/95% CI 0.31-0.97, p = 0.040) predicted TTR once adjusted for the independent predictors CA 19-9 and tumor size on imaging. Several qualitative and quantitative features demonstrated associations with TTR, OS, and AJCC stage at univariable analysis (range: HR 0.35-19; p < 0.001-0.045), however none were predictive of OS at multivariable analysis when adjusted for CA 19-9 and metastatic lymph nodes (p > 0.088). CONCLUSIONS There was reasonable accuracy in predicting tumor grade and higher AJCC stage in ICC utilizing certain qualitative and quantitative imaging traits. Serum CA 19-9, tumor size, presence of metastatic lymph nodes, and qualitative imaging traits of satellite lesions and vascular involvement are predictors of patient outcomes, along with a promising predictive ability of certain quantitative texture features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J King
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1234, New York, NY, 10029-6574, USA
| | - Stefanie Hectors
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1234, New York, NY, 10029-6574, USA.,BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen M Lee
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1234, New York, NY, 10029-6574, USA
| | - Olamide Omidele
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1234, New York, NY, 10029-6574, USA
| | - James S Babb
- Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Myron Schwartz
- Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Parissa Tabrizian
- Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bachir Taouli
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1234, New York, NY, 10029-6574, USA.,BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara Lewis
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1234, New York, NY, 10029-6574, USA. .,BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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25
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Diagnostic Accuracy of Single-Phase Computed Tomography Texture Analysis for Prediction of LI-RADS v2018 Category. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2020; 44:188-192. [PMID: 32195797 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000001003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine if texture analysis can classify liver observations likely to be hepatocellular carcinoma based on the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) using single portal venous phase computed tomography. METHODS This research ethics board-approved retrospective cohort study included 64 consecutive LI-RADS observations. Individual observation texture analysis features were compared using Kruskal-Wallis and 2 sample t tests. Logistic regression was used for prediction of LI-RADS group. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves and Youden method. RESULTS Multiple texture features were associated with LI-RADS including the mean HU (P = 0.003), median (P = 0.002), minimum (P = 0.010), maximum (P = 0.013), standard deviation (P = 0.009), skewness (P = 0.007), and entropy (P < 0.001). On logistic regression, LI-RADS group could be predicted with area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.98, 96%, and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Texture analysis features on portal venous phase computed tomography can identify liver observations likely to be hepatocellular carcinoma, which may preclude the need to recall some patients for additional multiphase imaging.
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26
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Miranda Magalhaes Santos JM, Clemente Oliveira B, Araujo-Filho JDAB, Assuncao-Jr AN, de M Machado FA, Carlos Tavares Rocha C, Horvat JV, Menezes MR, Horvat N. State-of-the-art in radiomics of hepatocellular carcinoma: a review of basic principles, applications, and limitations. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2020; 45:342-353. [PMID: 31707435 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-019-02299-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiomics is a new field in medical imaging with the potential of changing medical practice. Radiomics is characterized by the extraction of several quantitative imaging features which are not visible to the naked eye from conventional imaging modalities, and its correlation with specific relevant clinical endpoints, such as pathology, therapeutic response, and survival. Several studies have evaluated the use of radiomics in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with encouraging results, particularly in the pretreatment prediction of tumor biological characteristics, risk of recurrence, and survival. In spite of this, there are limitations and challenges to be overcome before the implementation of radiomics into clinical routine. In this article, we will review the concepts of radiomics and their current potential applications in patients with HCC. It is important that the multidisciplinary team involved in the treatment of patients with HCC be aware of the basic principles, benefits, and limitations of radiomics in order to achieve a balanced interpretation of the results toward a personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brunna Clemente Oliveira
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Adma Jafet, 91, Bela Vista, São Paulo, SP, 01308-050, Brazil
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Samaritano, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Joao Vicente Horvat
- Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Adma Jafet, 91, Bela Vista, São Paulo, SP, 01308-050, Brazil
| | - Marcos Roberto Menezes
- Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Adma Jafet, 91, Bela Vista, São Paulo, SP, 01308-050, Brazil
| | - Natally Horvat
- Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Adma Jafet, 91, Bela Vista, São Paulo, SP, 01308-050, Brazil.
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27
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Oh J, Lee JM, Park J, Joo I, Yoon JH, Lee DH, Ganeshan B, Han JK. Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Texture Analysis of Preoperative Computed Tomography Images Can Provide Markers of Tumor Grade and Disease-Free Survival. Korean J Radiol 2020; 20:569-579. [PMID: 30887739 PMCID: PMC6424831 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2018.0501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiseon Oh
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Min Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Junghoan Park
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ijin Joo
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Balaji Ganeshan
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joon Koo Han
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
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Casadei-Gardini A, Orsi G, Caputo F, Ercolani G. Developments in predictive biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2020; 20:63-74. [PMID: 31910040 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2020.1712198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary tumor of the liver and the third largest cause of cancer-relateddeaths worldwide. Potentially curative treatments (surgical resection, radiofrequency or liver transplantation) are only available for few patients, while transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or systemic agents are the best treatments for intermediate and advanced stage disease. The identification of markers that allow us to choose the best treatment for the patient is urgent.Areas covered: In this review we summarize the potential biological markers to predict the efficacy of all treatment available in patients with HCC and discuss anew biomarker with ahigher potential of success in the next future.Expert opinion: HCC is aheterogeneous disease. Tumors are heterogeneous in terms of genetic alteration,with spatial heterogeneity in cellular density, necrosis and angiogenesis.This heterogeneity may affect prognosis and treatment. Tumor heterogeneity can be difficult to quantify with traditional imaging due to subjective assessment of images; the same for sampling biopsy, which evaluates only asmall part of the tumor. We think that combining multi-OMICSwith radiomics represents apromising strategy for evaluating tumor heterogenicity and for identifying biomarkers of response and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Casadei-Gardini
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Orsi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Caputo
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giorgio Ercolani
- General and Oncology Surgery, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Forli, Italy.,Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences-DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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29
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Zhang J, Liu X, Zhang H, He X, Liu Y, Zhou J, Guo D. Texture Analysis Based on Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Conventional MRI Features for Predicting the Early Recurrence of Single Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Hepatectomy. Acad Radiol 2019; 26:1164-1173. [PMID: 30425000 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To investigate the value of texture analysis and conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features for predicting the early recurrence (ER) of single hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 100 HCC patients were first divided into group A (tumor diameter ≤3 cm) and group B (tumor diameter >3 cm) and then classified into two subgroups with ER or nonearly recurrence. Textural parameters (skewness, kurtosis, uniformity, energy, entropy, and correlation) based on MR images and conventional MRI features were compared between the ER and nonearly recurrence subgroups. Predictive factors for ER were further assessed with multivariate logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve was performed to assess the predictive power. RESULTS There were 53 patients in group A and 47 patients in group B. On arterial phase analysis, tumors with ER displayed significantly lower uniformity and higher entropy in group A, and higher skewness and entropy in group B. On portal venous phase analysis, tumors with ER had significantly lower kurtosis and energy in group A, and higher entropy in group B. Irregular margin in groups A and B, and arterial peritumoral enhancement and capsule presence in group B were associated with ER. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, uniformity and entropy based on arterial phase images and irregular margin in group A, and skewness and entropy based on arterial phase images and arterial peritumoral enhancement in group B were independent predictors for ER. Entropy displayed higher predictive power for ER. CONCLUSION Texture analysis based on preoperative MRI are potential quantitative predictors of ER in HCC patients after hepatectomy, and may provide more information for preoperative treatment decision-making and follow up.
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30
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Evaluation of texture analysis for the differential diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia from hepatocellular adenoma on contrast-enhanced CT images. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2019; 44:1323-1330. [PMID: 30267107 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-018-1788-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the value of CT texture analysis (CTTA) for differentiation of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) from hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) on contrast-enhanced CT (CECT). METHODS This is a retrospective, IRB-approved study conducted in a single institution. A search of the medical records between 2008 and 2017 revealed 48 patients with 70 HCA and 50 patients with 62 FNH. All lesions were histologically proven and with available pre-operative CECT imaging. Hepatic arterial phase (HAP) and portal venous phase (PVP) were used for CTTA. Textural features were extracted using a commercially available research software (TexRAD). The differences between textural parameters of FNH and HCA were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test and the AUROC were calculated. CTTA parameters showing significant difference in rank sum test were used for binary logistic regression analysis. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS On HAP images, mean, mpp, and skewness were significantly higher in FNH than in HCA on unfiltered images (p ≤ 0.007); SD, entropy, and mpp on filtered analysis (p ≤ 0.006). On PVP, mean, mpp, and skewness in FNH were significantly different from HCA (p ≤ 0.001) on unfiltered images, while entropy and kurtosis were significantly higher in FNH on filtered images (p ≤ 0.018). The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the mean, mpp, and entropy of medium-level and coarse-level filtered images on HAP were independent predictors for the diagnosis of HCA and a model based on all these parameters showed the largest AUROC (0.824). CONCLUSIONS Multiple explored CTTA parameters are significantly different between FNH and HCA on CECT.
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31
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Ye Z, Jiang H, Chen J, Liu X, Wei Y, Xia C, Duan T, Cao L, Zhang Z, Song B. Texture analysis on gadoxetic acid enhanced-MRI for predicting Ki-67 status in hepatocellular carcinoma: A prospective study. Chin J Cancer Res 2019; 31:806-817. [PMID: 31814684 PMCID: PMC6856708 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2019.05.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the value of whole-lesion texture analysis on preoperative gadoxetic acid enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for predicting tumor Ki-67 status after curative resection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods This study consisted of 89 consecutive patients with surgically confirmed HCC. Texture features were extracted from multiparametric MRI based on whole-lesion regions of interest. The Ki-67 status was immunohistochemical determined and classified into low Ki-67 (labeling index ≤15%) and high Ki-67 (labeling index >15%) groups. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate logistic regression were applied for generating the texture signature, clinical nomogram and combined nomogram. The discrimination power, calibration and clinical usefulness of the three models were evaluated accordingly. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates after curative hepatectomy were also compared between groups. Results A total of 13 texture features were selected to construct a texture signature for predicting Ki-67 status in HCC patients (C-index: 0.878, 95% confidence interval: 0.791-0.937). After incorporating texture signature to the clinical nomogram which included significant clinical variates (AFP, BCLC-stage, capsule integrity, tumor margin, enhancing capsule), the combined nomogram showed higher discrimination ability (C-index: 0.936vs. 0.795, P<0.001), good calibration (P>0.05 in Hosmer-Lemeshow test) and higher clinical usefulness by decision curve analysis. RFS rate was significantly lower in the high Ki-67 group compared with the low Ki-67 group after curative surgery (63.27%vs. 85.00%, P<0.05). Conclusions Texture analysis on gadoxetic acid enhanced MRI can serve as a noninvasive approach to preoperatively predict Ki-67 status of HCC after curative resection. The combination of texture signature and clinical factors demonstrated the potential to further improve the prediction performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ye
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hanyu Jiang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jie Chen
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xijiao Liu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Wei
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chunchao Xia
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ting Duan
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Likun Cao
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Radiogenomics and Radiomics in Liver Cancers. Diagnostics (Basel) 2018; 9:diagnostics9010004. [PMID: 30591628 PMCID: PMC6468592 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiogenomics is a computational discipline that identifies correlations between cross-sectional imaging features and tissue-based molecular data. These imaging phenotypic correlations can then potentially be used to longitudinally and non-invasively predict a tumor’s molecular profile. A different, but related field termed radiomics examines the extraction of quantitative data from imaging data and the subsequent combination of these data with clinical information in an attempt to provide prognostic information and guide clinical decision making. Together, these fields represent the evolution of biomedical imaging from a descriptive, qualitative specialty to a predictive, quantitative discipline. It is anticipated that radiomics and radiogenomics will not only identify pathologic processes, but also unveil their underlying pathophysiological mechanisms through clinical imaging alone. Here, we review recent studies on radiogenomics and radiomics in liver cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and metastases to the liver.
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Value of Texture Analysis on Gadoxetic Acid-Enhanced MRI for Differentiating Hepatocellular Adenoma From Focal Nodular Hyperplasia. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2018; 212:538-546. [PMID: 30557050 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.18.20182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to assess the diagnostic performance of texture analysis (TA) on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR images for differentiation of hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) from focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH). MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 40 patients (39 women and one man) with 51 HCAs and 28 patients (27 women and one man) with 32 FNH lesions. All lesions were histologically proven with preoperative MRI performed with gadoxetic acid. Two readers reviewed all the imaging sequences to assess the qualitative MRI characteristics. The T2-weighted fast spin-echo, hepatic arterial phase (HAP), and hepatobiliary phase (HBP) sequences were used for TA. Textural features were extracted using commercially available software (TexRAD). The differences in distributions of TA parameters of FNHs and HCAs were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Area under the ROC curve (AUROC) values were calculated for statistically significant features. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the added value of TA. A p value < 0.002 was considered statistically significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Multiple TA parameters showed a statistically different distribution in HCA and FNH including skewness on T2-weighted imaging, skewness on HAP imaging, skewness on HBP imaging, and entropy on HBP imaging (p < 0.001). Skewness on HBP imaging showed the largest AUROC (0.869; 95% CI, 0.777-0.933). A skewness value on HBP imaging of greater than -0.06 had a sensitivity of 72.5% and a specificity of 90.6% for the diagnosis of HCA. Six of 51 (11.8%) HCAs lacked hypointensity on HBP imaging. A binary logistic regression analysis including hypointensity on HBP imaging and the statistically significant TA parameters yielded an AUROC of 0.979 for the diagnosis of HCA and correctly predicted 96.4% of the lesions. CONCLUSION TA may be of added value for the diagnosis of atypical HCA presenting without hypointensity on HBP imaging.
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Akai H, Yasaka K, Kunimatsu A, Nojima M, Kokudo T, Kokudo N, Hasegawa K, Abe O, Ohtomo K, Kiryu S. Predicting prognosis of resected hepatocellular carcinoma by radiomics analysis with random survival forest. Diagn Interv Imaging 2018; 99:643-651. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Brenet Defour L, Mulé S, Tenenhaus A, Piardi T, Sommacale D, Hoeffel C, Thiéfin G. Hepatocellular carcinoma: CT texture analysis as a predictor of survival after surgical resection. Eur Radiol 2018; 29:1231-1239. [PMID: 30159621 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5679-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether image texture parameters analysed on pre-operative contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) can predict overall survival and recurrence-free survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated by surgical resection. METHODS We retrospectively included all patients operated for HCC who had liver contrast-enhanced CT within 3 months prior to treatment in our centre between 2010 and 2015. The following texture parameters were evaluated on late-arterial and portal-venous phases: mean grey-level, standard deviation, kurtosis, skewness and entropy. Measurements were made before and after spatial filtration at different anatomical scales (SSF) ranging from 2 (fine texture) to 6 (coarse texture). Lasso penalised Cox regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of overall survival and recurrence-free survival. RESULTS Forty-seven patients were included. Median follow-up time was 345 days (interquartile range [IQR], 176-569). Nineteen patients had a recurrence at a median time of 190 days (IQR, 141-274) and 13 died at a median time of 274 days (IQR, 96-411). At arterial CT phase, kurtosis at SSF = 4 (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] = 3.23 [1.35-7.71] p = 0.0084) was independent predictor of overall survival. At portal-venous phase, skewness without filtration (HR [CI 95%] = 353.44 [1.31-95102.23], p = 0.039), at SSF2 scale (HR [CI 95%] = 438.73 [2.44-78968.25], p = 0.022) and SSF3 (HR [CI 95%] = 14.43 [1.38-150.51], p = 0.026) were independently associated with overall survival. No textural feature was identified as predictor of recurrence-free survival. CONCLUSIONS In patients with resectable HCC, portal venous phase-derived CT skewness is significantly associated with overall survival and may potentially become a useful tool to select the best candidates for resection. KEY POINTS • HCC heterogeneity as evaluated by texture analysis of contrast-enhanced CT images may predict overall survival in patients treated by surgical resection. • Among texture parameters, skewness assessed at different anatomical scales at portal-venous phase CT is an independent predictor of overall survival after resection. • In patients with HCC, CT texture analysis may have the potential to become a useful tool to select the best candidates for resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Brenet Defour
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie et de Cancérologie Digestive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, 51092, Reims, France
| | - Sébastien Mulé
- Service d'Imagerie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Arthur Tenenhaus
- Laboratoire des Signaux et Systèmes, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Tullio Piardi
- Service de Chirurgie Générale, Digestive et Endocrine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Daniele Sommacale
- Service de Chirurgie Générale, Digestive et Endocrine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Christine Hoeffel
- Service d'Imagerie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Reims, France.,CReSTIC, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Gérard Thiéfin
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie et de Cancérologie Digestive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, 51092, Reims, France.
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Yasaka K, Akai H, Kunimatsu A, Kiryu S, Abe O. Deep learning with convolutional neural network in radiology. Jpn J Radiol 2018; 36:257-272. [PMID: 29498017 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-018-0726-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Deep learning with a convolutional neural network (CNN) is gaining attention recently for its high performance in image recognition. Images themselves can be utilized in a learning process with this technique, and feature extraction in advance of the learning process is not required. Important features can be automatically learned. Thanks to the development of hardware and software in addition to techniques regarding deep learning, application of this technique to radiological images for predicting clinically useful information, such as the detection and the evaluation of lesions, etc., are beginning to be investigated. This article illustrates basic technical knowledge regarding deep learning with CNNs along the actual course (collecting data, implementing CNNs, and training and testing phases). Pitfalls regarding this technique and how to manage them are also illustrated. We also described some advanced topics of deep learning, results of recent clinical studies, and the future directions of clinical application of deep learning techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Yasaka
- Department of Radiology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Akai
- Department of Radiology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Akira Kunimatsu
- Department of Radiology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kiryu
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba, Japan
| | - Osamu Abe
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Imaging prediction of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis using computed tomography texture analysis. Eur Radiol 2018; 28:3050-3058. [PMID: 29404772 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-017-5270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if texture analysis of non-contrast-enhanced CT (NECT) images is able to predict nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). METHODS NECT images from 88 patients who underwent a liver biopsy for the diagnosis of suspected NASH were assessed and texture feature parameters were obtained without and with filtration. The patient population was divided into a predictive learning dataset and a validation dataset, and further divided into groups according to the prediction of liver fibrosis as assessed by hyaluronic acid levels. The reference standard was the histological result of a liver biopsy. A predictive model for NASH was developed using parameters derived from the learning dataset that demonstrated areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of >0.65. The resulting model was then applied to the validation dataset. RESULTS In patients without suspected fibrosis, the texture parameter mean without filter and skewness with a 2-mm filter were selected for the NASH prediction model. The AUC of the predictive model for the validation dataset was 0.94 and the accuracy was 94%. In patients with suspicion of fibrosis, the mean without filtration and kurtosis with a 4-mm filter were selected for the NASH prediction model. The AUC for the validation dataset was 0.60 and the accuracy was 42%. CONCLUSIONS In patients without suspicion of fibrosis, NECT texture analysis effectively predicted NASH. KEY POINTS • In patients without suspicion of fibrosis, NECT texture analysis effectively predicted NASH. • The mean without filtration and skewness with a 2-mm filter were modest predictors of NASH in patients without suspicion of liver fibrosis. • Hepatic fibrosis masks the characteristic texture features of NASH.
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