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Muñoz JP. The impact of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on stem cells: Mechanisms and implications for human health. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 147:294-309. [PMID: 39003048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are compounds, either natural or man-made, that interfere with the normal functioning of the endocrine system. There is increasing evidence that exposure to EDCs can have profound adverse effects on reproduction, metabolic disorders, neurological alterations, and increased risk of hormone-dependent cancer. Stem cells (SCs) are integral to these pathological processes, and it is therefore crucial to understand how EDCs may influence SC functionality. This review examines the literature on different types of EDCs and their effects on various types of SCs, including embryonic, adult, and cancer SCs. Possible molecular mechanisms through which EDCs may influence the phenotype of SCs are also evaluated. Finally, the possible implications of these effects on human health are discussed. The available literature demonstrates that EDCs can influence the biology of SCs in a variety of ways, including by altering hormonal pathways, DNA damage, epigenetic changes, reactive oxygen species production and alterations in the gene expression patterns. These disruptions may lead to a variety of cell fates and diseases later in adulthood including increased risk of endocrine disorders, obesity, infertility, reproductive abnormalities, and cancer. Therefore, the review emphasizes the importance of raising broader awareness regarding the intricate impact of EDCs on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000007, Chile.
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2
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Yang J, Song J, Gao X, Li M, Qin H, Niu Y, Luan H, Chen X, Guo J, Yuan T, Liu W. Integrated toxicity of secondary, tertiary, wetland effluents on human stem cells triggered by ERα and PPARγ agonists. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 937:173419. [PMID: 38802024 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Residual pollutants in discharged and reused water pose both direct and indirect human exposure. However, health effects caused by whole effluent remain largely unknown due to the lack of human relevant model for toxicity test. Effluents from four secondary wastewater treatment plants (SWTPs), a tertiary wastewater treatment plant (TWTP) and a constructed wetland (CW) were evaluated for the integrated toxicity of the organic extractions. Multiple-endpoint human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) assay was used as an in vitro model relevant to human health. The effluents caused cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and genotoxicity in MSCs. The osteogenic and neurogenic differentiation were inhibited and the adipogenic differentiation were stimulated by some of the effluent extractions. The SWTP, TWTP and CW treatments reduced integrated biomarker response (IBR) by 26.3 %, 17.5 % and 33.3 % respectively, where the IBR values of final CW (8.3) and TWTP (8.2) effluents were relatively lower than SWTPs (9.1). Among multiple biomarkers, the inhibition of osteogenesis was the least reduced by wastewater treatment. Besides, ozone disinfection in tertiary treatment increased cytotoxicity and differentiation effects suggesting the generation of toxic products. The mRNA expressions of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) were significantly upregulated by effluents. The inhibitory effects of effluents on neural differentiation were mitigated after antagonizing ERα and PPARγ in the cells. It is suggested that ERα and PPARγ agonists in effluents were largely accountable for the impairment of stem cell differentiation. Besides, the concentrations of n-C29H60, o-cresol, fluorene and phenanthrene in the effluents were significantly correlated with the intergrated stem cell toxicity. The present study provided toxicological evidence for the relation between water contamination and human health, with an insight into the key toxicity drivers. The necessity for deep water treatment and the potential means were suggested for improving water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingyang Song
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Minghan Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hui Qin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yuxin Niu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Haiyang Luan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Junyan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Tuwan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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Rodrigues DT, Padilha HA, Soares ATG, de Souza MEO, Guerra MT, Ávila DS. The Caenorhabditis elegans neuroendocrine system and their modulators: An overview. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 586:112191. [PMID: 38382589 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
In this review we seek to systematically bring what has been published in the literature about the nervous system, endocrine system, neuroendocrine relationships, neuroendocrine modulations and endocrine disruptors in the alternative model Caenorhabditis elegans. The serotonergic, dopaminergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmitters are related to the modulation of the neuroendocrine axis, leading to the activation or inhibition of several processes that occur in the worm through distinct and interconnected pathways. Furthermore, this review addresses the gut-neuronal axis as it has been revealed in recent years that gut microbiota impacts on neuronal functions. This review also approaches xenobiotics that can positively or negatively impact the neuroendocrine system in C. elegans as in mammals, which allows the application of this nematode to screen new drugs and to identify toxicants that are endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Teixeira Rodrigues
- Graduation Program in Biological Sciences- Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Daiana Silva Ávila
- Graduation Program in Biological Sciences- Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Graduation Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.
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4
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Lee JS, Lee JS, Kim HS. Toxic effects of triclosan in aquatic organisms: A review focusing on single and combined exposure of environmental conditions and pollutants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:170902. [PMID: 38354791 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is an antibacterial agent commonly used in personal care products. Due to its widespread use and improper disposal, it is also a pervasive contaminant, particularly in aquatic environments. When released into water bodies, TCS can induce deleterious effects on developmental and physiological aspects of aquatic organisms and also interact with environmental stressors such as weather, metals, pharmaceuticals, and microplastics. Multiple studies have described the adverse effects of TCS on aquatic organisms, but few have reported on the interactions between TCS and other environmental conditions and pollutants. Because aquatic environments include a mix of contaminants and natural factors can correlate with contaminants, it is important to understand the toxicological outcomes of combinations of substances. Due to its lipophilic characteristics, TCS can interact with a wide range of substances and environmental stressors in aquatic environments. Here, we identify a need for caution when using TCS by describing not only the effects of exposure to TCS alone on aquatic organisms but also how toxicity changes when it acts in combination with multiple environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sol Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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5
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Do SD, Haque MN, Kim J, Im DH, Rhee JS. Acute and chronic effects of triclosan on the behavior, physiology, and multigenerational characteristics of the water flea Moina macrocopa. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 276:109810. [PMID: 38061617 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Triclosan, a chlorinated biphenyl ether is widely used in industrial products and cosmetics due to its antibiotic activity. Although relatively levels of triclosan have been detected in aquatic ecosystems, limited information is available regarding the acute and chronic impacts of triclosan on aquatic invertebrates, especially planktonic crustaceans. In this study, we analyzed the acute (24 h) and chronic (14 days exposure across three generations) effects of different concentrations of triclosan [1/10 of the no observed effect concentration (NOEC), the NOEC, and 1/10 of the LC50] calculated from the 24 h acute toxicity value, on the water flea Moina macrocopa. In the acute exposure experiment, the 1/10 LC50 value of triclosan significantly reduced survival, feeding rate, thoracic limb activity, heart activity, and acetylcholinesterase activity. In response to the 1/10 LC50 value, intracellular reactive oxygen species increased along with elevated levels of malondialdehyde and glutathione. Enzymatic activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were significantly increased by the 1/10 LC50 value, suggesting active protection of the antioxidant defense system against oxidative stress. Chronic exposure to the 1/10 NOEC and NOEC values revealed multigenerational adverse impacts of triclosan. The second generation was found to be the most sensitive to triclosan, as the NOEC value significantly reduced the survival rate, body length, and the number of neonates per brood, along with a delayed hatching period. Taken together, these results indicate that even sublethal levels of triclosan can have detrimental effects on the water flea population's maintenance through intergenerational toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Duk Do
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea
| | - Md Niamul Haque
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea; Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea
| | - Jaehee Kim
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Im
- Marine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, South Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Rhee
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea; Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea; Yellow Sea Research Institute, Incheon 22012, South Korea.
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6
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Martins AC, Virgolini MB, Ávila DS, Scharf P, Li J, Tinkov AA, Skalny AV, Bowman AB, Rocha JBT, Aschner M. Mitochondria in the Spotlight: C. elegans as a Model Organism to Evaluate Xenobiotic-Induced Dysfunction. Cells 2023; 12:2124. [PMID: 37681856 PMCID: PMC10486742 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a crucial role in cellular respiration, ATP production, and the regulation of various cellular processes. Mitochondrial dysfunctions have been directly linked to pathophysiological conditions, making them a significant target of interest in toxicological research. In recent years, there has been a growing need to understand the intricate effects of xenobiotics on human health, necessitating the use of effective scientific research tools. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), a nonpathogenic nematode, has emerged as a powerful tool for investigating toxic mechanisms and mitochondrial dysfunction. With remarkable genetic homology to mammals, C. elegans has been used in studies to elucidate the impact of contaminants and drugs on mitochondrial function. This review focuses on the effects of several toxic metals and metalloids, drugs of abuse and pesticides on mitochondria, highlighting the utility of C. elegans as a model organism to investigate mitochondrial dysfunction induced by xenobiotics. Mitochondrial structure, function, and dynamics are discussed, emphasizing their essential role in cellular viability and the regulation of processes such as autophagy, apoptosis, and calcium homeostasis. Additionally, specific toxins and toxicants, such as arsenic, cadmium, and manganese are examined in the context of their impact on mitochondrial function and the utility of C. elegans in elucidating the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we demonstrate the utilization of C. elegans as an experimental model providing a promising platform for investigating the intricate relationships between xenobiotics and mitochondrial dysfunction. This knowledge could contribute to the development of strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of contaminants and drugs of abuse, ultimately enhancing our understanding of these complex processes and promoting human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airton C. Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Miriam B. Virgolini
- Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orsingher, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Técnicas (IFEC-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Daiana Silva Ávila
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology in Caenorhabditis Elegans, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR-472 Km 592, Uruguaiana 97500-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Pablo Scharf
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Jung Li
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA
| | - Alexey A. Tinkov
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl 150003, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Anatoly V. Skalny
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl 150003, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119435, Russia
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051, USA
| | - João B. T. Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
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Lee JS, Oh Y, Lee JS, Kim HS. Acute toxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis due to short-term triclosan exposure and multi- and transgenerational effects on in vivo endpoints, antioxidant defense, and DNA damage response in the freshwater water flea Daphnia magna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:160925. [PMID: 36543274 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we measured the acute toxicity of triclosan (TCS) in neonate and adult Daphnia magna water fleas. The median lethal concentrations were 184.689 and 349.511 μg/L, respectively. Oxidative stress induced by TCS was analyzed based on changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and antioxidant enzymatic activities in D. magna. Based on these endpoints, TCS concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/L induced oxidative stress. However, several apoptosis-mediated proteins showed TCS-induced oxidative-stress damage in response to 25 μg/L, indicating that apoptotic proteins were the most sensitive mediators. We also evaluated the multi- and transgenerational effects of TCS on D. magna over three generations in terms of various in vivo endpoints, DNA damage responses, and biochemical reactions. The transgenerational group exposed to TCS exhibited greater negative impacts on antioxidant responses, DNA fragmentation status, and biological endpoints compared with the multigenerational exposure group, leading to decreased reproductive rates and higher ROS content. The transcriptional expression levels of glutathione S-transferase genes in the transgenerational exposure group were upregulated compared to those in the multigenerational group but were fully recovered in F2 offspring. Our findings provide an in-depth understanding of the adaptive effects of multigenerational exposure to TCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sol Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Yunmoon Oh
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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Incorporation of paclitaxel in mesenchymal stem cells using nanoengineering upregulates antioxidant response, CXCR4 expression and enhances tumor homing. Mater Today Bio 2023; 19:100567. [PMID: 36747581 PMCID: PMC9898454 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been investigated extensively for gene delivery and, more recently, for targeted small molecule delivery. While preclinical studies demonstrate the potential of MSCs for targeted delivery, clinical studies suggest that tumor homing of native MSCs may be inefficient. We report here a surprising finding that loading MSCs with the anticancer drug paclitaxel (PTX) by nanoengineering results in significantly improved tumor homing compared to naïve MSCs. Loading PTX in MSCs results in increased levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). In response to this oxidative stress, MSCs upregulate two important set of proteins. First were critical antioxidant proteins, most importantly nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (Nrf2), the master regulator of antioxidant responses; upregulation of antioxidant proteins may explain how MSCs protect themselves from drug-induced oxidative stress. The second was CXCR4, a direct target of Nrf2 and a key mediator of tumor homing; upregulation of CXCR4 suggested a mechanism that may underlie the improved tumor homing of nanoengineered MSCs. In addition to demonstrating the potential mechanism of improved tumor targeting of nanoengineered MSCs, our studies reveal that MSCs utilize a novel mechanism of resistance against drug-induced oxidative stress and cell death, explaining how MSCs can deliver therapeutic concentrations of cytotoxic payload while maintaining their viability.
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Nguyen VT, Park AR, Duraisamy K, Vo DD, Kim JC. Elucidation of the nematicidal mode of action of grammicin on Caenorhabditis elegans. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:105244. [PMID: 36464355 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Grammicin (Gra) is derived from the endophytic fungus Xylaria grammica EL000614 and shows nematicidal activity against the devastating root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in-vitro, in planta, and in-field experiments. However, the mechanism of the nematicidal action of Gra remains unclear. In this study, Gra exposure to the model genetic organism Caenorhabditis elegans affected its L1, L2/3, L4, and young adult stages. In addition, Gra treatment increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of C. elegans and M. incognita. Molecular docking interaction analysis indicated that Gra could bind and interact with GCS-1, GST-4, and DAF-16a in order of low binding energy, followed by SOD-3, SKN-1, and DAF-16b. This implies that the anthelmintic action of Gra is related to the oxidative stress response. To validate this mechanism, we examined the expression of the genes involved in the oxidative stress responses following treatment with Gra using transgenic C. elegans strains such as the TJ356 strain zIs356 [daf-16p::daf-16a/b::GFP + rol-6 (su1006)], LD1 ldIs7 [skn-1p::skn-1b/c::GFP + rol-6 (su1006)], LD1171 ldIs3 [gcs-1p::GFP + rol-6 (su1006)], CL2166 dvIs19 [(pAF15) gst-4p::GFP::NLS], and CF1553 strain muIs84 [(pAD76) sod-3p::GFP + rol-6 (su1006)]. Gra treatment caused nuclear translocation of DAF-16/FoxO and enhanced gst-4::GFP expression, but it had no change in sod-3::GFP expression. These results indicate that Gra induces oxidative stress response via phase II detoxification without reduced cellular redox machinery. Gra treatment also inhibited the nuclear localization of SKN-1::GFP in the intestine, which may lead to a condition in which oxidative stress tolerance is insufficient to protect C. elegans by the inactivation of SKN-1, thus inducing nematode lethality. Furthermore, Gra caused the mortality of two mutant strains of C. elegans, CB113 and DA1316, which are resistant to aldicarb and ivermectin, respectively. This indicates that the mode of action of Gra is different from the traditional nematicides currently in use, suggesting that it could help develop novel approaches to control plant-parasitic nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Thi Nguyen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Ran Park
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kalaiselvi Duraisamy
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Duc Duy Vo
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jin-Cheol Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Sinicropi MS, Iacopetta D, Ceramella J, Catalano A, Mariconda A, Pellegrino M, Saturnino C, Longo P, Aquaro S. Triclosan: A Small Molecule with Controversial Roles. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060735. [PMID: 35740142 PMCID: PMC9220381 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS), a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, has been widely used in personal care products, medical products, plastic cutting boards, and food storage containers. Colgate Total® toothpaste, containing 10 mM TCS, is effective in controlling biofilm formation and maintaining gingival health. Given its broad usage, TCS is present ubiquitously in the environment. Given its strong lipophilicity and accumulation ability in organisms, it is potentially harmful to biohealth. Several reports suggest the toxicity of this compound, which is inserted in the class of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In September 2016, TCS was banned by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Union in soap products. Despite these problems, its application in personal care products within certain limits is still allowed. Today, it is still unclear whether TCS is truly toxic to mammals and the adverse effects of continuous, long-term, and low concentration exposure remain unknown. Indeed, some recent reports suggest the use of TCS as a repositioned drug for cancer treatment and cutaneous leishmaniasis. In this scenario it is necessary to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of TCS, to understand whether its use is advisable or not. This review intends to highlight the pros and cons that are associated with the use of TCS in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.S.); (D.I.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Domenico Iacopetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.S.); (D.I.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Jessica Ceramella
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.S.); (D.I.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Alessia Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-544-2746
| | - Annaluisa Mariconda
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (A.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Michele Pellegrino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.S.); (D.I.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Carmela Saturnino
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (A.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Pasquale Longo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Stefano Aquaro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.S.); (D.I.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (S.A.)
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11
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Liu F, Zhang Y, Wang F. Environmental relevant concentrations of triclosan affected developmental toxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in zebrafish embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:848-857. [PMID: 34981884 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS), as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent, is widely used in various pharmaceutical and personal care products. However, the details of ecological environmental health risks of TCS are not clear. In this study, zebrafish embryos/larval were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of TCS to evaluate the developmental toxicity. Four-hour post-fertilization (hpf) zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0, 2, 10, 50, and 250 μg/L TCS until 96 h. The heart beats at 72 hpf were significantly increased in 2 μg/L TCS group, while significantly decreased in 250 μg/L TCS treated group compared with control. The results of acridine orange staining, terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated UTPnick end labeling assay, and detection of mitochondrial membrane potential showed that 50 and 250 μg/L TCS resulted in apoptosis. Meanwhile, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage were induced, but SOD activity was significantly decreased in 250 μg/L TCS treated group. In addition, SOD(Mn) and GPx gene mRNA expressions were significantly down-regulated in 50 and 250 μg/L TCS treated groups, while Casp3, Casp9, Puma, Casp8, Apaf1, and Bid genes in 250 μg/L TCS and Mdm2 gene in 50 μg/L treated groups were significantly up-regulated. P53 protein was significantly up-regulated in 250 μg/L TCS treated group. The overall results showed that TCS can cause oxidative stress and result in apoptosis via the involvement of ROS-p53-caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway in zebrafish embryos. The present findings suggest the potential mechanisms of TCS-induced developmental toxicity appears to be the generation of ROS and the consequent triggering of apoptosis genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- School of Biological Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Biological Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Biological Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China
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12
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Zhong R, He H, Jin M, Lu Z, Deng Y, Liu C, Shen N, Li J, Wang H, Ying P, Li B, Zeng Q, Lu Q, Cheng L, Zhu Y, Miao X, Tian J. Genome-wide gene-bisphenol A, F and triclosan interaction analyses on urinary oxidative stress markers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150753. [PMID: 34619205 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenols and triclosan (TCS) are common endocrine disrupters (EDCs) that may induce oxidative stress. However, there is limited information as to whether these EDCs interact with genetic variants to modify the levels of oxidative stress on a genome-wide scale. METHODS We first performed a genome-wide scan among a Chinese population and also measured three urinary EDCs, including bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF) and TCS, and three urinary oxidative stress markers [4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-mercapturic acid (HNE-MA), 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α (8-isoPGF2α) and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)]. Subsequently, we examined interactions between three urinary EDCs and nearly 4.6 million genetic variants for three urinary oxidative stress markers by the general linear model. RESULTS Urinary BPA, BPF and TCS were positively associated with HNE-MA, 8-isoPGF2α and 8-OHdG. Significant rs6855040 (4p15.32/between SNORA75B and QDPR)-BPA, rs1112943 (4q35.1/SNX25)-TCS interactions were associated with the 8-isoPGF2α levels (all P < 5 × 10-8). In addition, rs4656116 (1p22.3/CACL1), rs16958760 (17p11.2/between USP43 and DHRS7C) and rs11651078 (17p11.2/LOC339260) showed significant gene-TCS interactions with 8-OHdG (all P < 5 × 10-8). The gene-level analysis found significant interaction between SNX25 and TCS for 8-isoPGF2α levels (P < 2.12 × 10-6). CONCLUSION Our results identify several gene-EDCs interactions for oxidative stress, highlighting that EDCs may modify the effect of genetic variants on oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zequn Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Deng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Na Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaoyuan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoxue Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pingting Ying
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liming Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaoping Miao
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jianbo Tian
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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13
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Han J, Yang K, An J, Jiang N, Fu S, Tang X. The Role of NRF2 in Bone Metabolism - Friend or Foe? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:813057. [PMID: 35282459 PMCID: PMC8906930 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.813057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metabolism is closely related to oxidative stress. As one of the core regulatory factors of oxidative stress, NRF2 itself and its regulation of oxidative stress are both involved in bone metabolism. NRF2 plays an important and controversial role in the regulation of bone homeostasis in osteoblasts, osteoclasts and other bone cells. The role of NRF2 in bone is complex and affected by several factors, such as its expression levels, age, sex, the presence of various physiological and pathological conditions, as well as its interaction with certains transcription factors that maintain the normal physiological function of the bone tissue. The properties of NRF2 agonists have protective effects on the survival of osteogenic cells, including osteoblasts, osteocytes and stem cells. Activation of NRF2 directly inhibits osteoclast differentiation by resisting oxidative stress. The effects of NRF2 inhibition and hyperactivation on animal skeleton are still controversial, the majority of the studies suggest that the presence of NRF2 is indispensable for the acquisition and maintenance of bone mass, as well as the protection of bone mass under various stress conditions. More studies show that hyperactivation of NRF2 may cause damage to bone formation, while moderate activation of NRF2 promotes increased bone mass. In addition, the effects of NRF2 on the bone phenotype are characterized by sexual dimorphism. The efficacy of NRF2-activated drugs for bone protection and maintenance has been verified in a large number of in vivo and in vitro studies. Additional research on the role of NRF2 in bone metabolism will provide novel targets for the etiology and treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Han
- The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kuan Yang
- The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinyang An
- The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Na Jiang
- The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Songbo Fu
- The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xulei Tang
- The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xulei Tang,
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14
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Wang D, Liu J, Jiang H. Triclosan regulates the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway through the PI3K/Akt/JNK signaling cascade to induce oxidative damage in neurons. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1953-1964. [PMID: 34160118 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS), a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, is recognized as an environmental endocrine disruptor. TCS has caused a wide range of environmental, water and soil pollution. TCS is also still detected in food. Due to its high lipophilicity and stability, TCS can enter the human body through biological enrichment and potentially threatenes human health. In recent years, the neurotoxic effects caused by TCS contamination have attracted increasing attention. This study was designed to investigate the mechanism underlying TCS-induced HT-22 cells injury and to explore the effect of TCS on the PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways in HT-22 cells. In this study, we examined the adverse effects of TCS treatment on ROS generation, and MDA, GSH-Px, and SOD activities. The expression levels of proteins in the Nrf2, PI3K/Akt, MAPK pathways and Caspase-3, BAX, Bcl-2 were measured and quantified by Western blotting. The results showed that TCS could significantly reduce the activity of HT-22 cells, increase the production of intracellular ROS and upregulate the expression of proapoptotic proteins. In addition, TCS promoted an increase in the MDA and SOD levels, and downregulated the GSH-Px activity, and oxidative damage occurred in neurons. The mechanism underlying this toxicity was related to TCS-induced PI3K/Akt/JNK-mediated regulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. This result was further confirmed by the specific inhibitors LY294002 and SP600125. In summary, TCS could induce oxidative damage in HT-22 neurons, and activation of the PI3K/Akt/JNK/ Nrf2 /HO-1 signaling cascade was the main mechanism underlying the TCS-induced HT-22 neuronal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jieyu Liu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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15
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Alfhili MA, Hussein HAM, Park Y, Lee MH, Akula SM. Triclosan induces apoptosis in Burkitt lymphoma-derived BJAB cells through caspase and JNK/MAPK pathways. Apoptosis 2021; 26:96-110. [PMID: 33387145 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-020-01650-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) is the fastest growing human tumor. Current treatment consists of a multiagent regimen of cytotoxic drugs with serious side effjects including tumor lysis, cardiotoxicity, hepatic impairment, neuropathy, myelosuppression, increased susceptibility to malignancy, and death. Furthermore, therapeutic interventions in areas of BL prevalence are not as feasible as in high-income countries. Therefore, there exists an urgent need to identify new therapies with a safer profile and improved accessibility. Triclosan (TCS), an antimicrobial used in personal care products and surgical scrubs, has gained considerable interest as an antitumor agent due to its interference with fatty acid synthesis. Here, we investigate the antitumor properties and associated molecular mechanisms of TCS in BL-derived BJAB cells. Dose-dependent cell death was observed following treatment with 10-100 µM TCS for 24 h, which was associated with membrane phospholipid scrambling, compromised permeability, and cell shrinkage. TCS-induced cell death was accompanied by elevated intracellular calcium, perturbed redox balance, chromatin condensation, and DNA fragmentation. TCS upregulated Bad expression and downregulated that of Bcl2. Moreover, caspase and JNK MAPK signaling were required for the full apoptotic activity of TCS. In conclusion, this report identifies TCS as an antitumor agent and provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms governing TCS-induced apoptosis in BL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Alfhili
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Hosni A M Hussein
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC. 27834, USA.,Faculty of Science, Assiut Branch, Al Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Youngyong Park
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Myon Hee Lee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA. .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Shaw M Akula
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC. 27834, USA.
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16
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Bao S, He C, Ku P, Xie M, Lin J, Lu S, Nie X. Effects of triclosan on the RedoximiRs/Sirtuin/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 230:105679. [PMID: 33227666 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) has been widely used in daily life for its broad-spectrum antibacterial property and subsequently detected frequently in aquatic waterborne. Environmental relevant concentrations of TCS in water (ng-μg/L) may pose potential unexpected impact on non-target aquatic organisms. In the present work, we investigated the transcriptional responses of Nrf2 as well as its downstream genes, sirtuins and redox-sensitive microRNAs (RedoximiRs) in livers of the small freshwater fish mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) which were exposed to environmental relevant concentrations of TCS (0.05 μg/L, 0.5 μg/L and 5 μg/L for 24 h and 168 h). Results showed there were similar up-regulations in Nrf2 and its target genes (e. g. NQO1, CAT and SOD) at transcriptional, enzymatic and protein levels, reflecting oxidative stress of TCS to mosquitofish. Meanwhile, up-regulations of Sirt1, Sirt2 and down-regulations of miR-34b, miR-200b-5p and miR-21 could modulate antioxidant system via the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway by the post-transcriptional regulations. Some oxidative stress-related biomarkers displayed in concentration-dependent manners (e. g. NQO1 mRNA, CAT mRNA) and/or time-dependent manners (e. g. GSH contents). This study indicated that the RedoximiRs/Sirtuin/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway played a crucial role in mosquitofish exposed to TCS, and there might be potentially profound effects for TCS on the aquatic ecological safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Bao
- Department of Ecology/Hydrobiology Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Cuiping He
- Department of Ecology/Hydrobiology Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Peijia Ku
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, United States
| | - Meinan Xie
- Department of Ecology/Hydrobiology Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jiawei Lin
- Department of Ecology/Hydrobiology Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Songhui Lu
- Research Center of Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Xiangping Nie
- Department of Ecology/Hydrobiology Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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17
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Maiden MM, Waters CM. Triclosan depletes the membrane potential in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms inhibiting aminoglycoside induced adaptive resistance. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008529. [PMID: 33125434 PMCID: PMC7657502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-based infections are difficult to treat due to their inherent resistance to antibiotic treatment. Discovering new approaches to enhance antibiotic efficacy in biofilms would be highly significant in treating many chronic infections. Exposure to aminoglycosides induces adaptive resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Adaptive resistance is primarily the result of active antibiotic export by RND-type efflux pumps, which use the proton motive force as an energy source. We show that the protonophore uncoupler triclosan depletes the membrane potential of biofilm growing P. aeruginosa, leading to decreased activity of RND-type efflux pumps. This disruption results in increased intracellular accumulation of tobramycin and enhanced antimicrobial activity in vitro. In addition, we show that triclosan enhances tobramycin effectiveness in vivo using a mouse wound model. Combining triclosan with tobramycin is a new anti-biofilm strategy that targets bacterial energetics, increasing the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa biofilms to aminoglycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M. Maiden
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- The BEACON Center for The Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Waters
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- The BEACON Center for The Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
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18
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Park Y, Gaddy MA, Alfhili MA, Lee MH. The teratogenic effect of Triclosan on embryogenesis is attenuated by Tween 20 in Caenorhabditis elegans. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2020; 2020:10.17912/micropub.biology.000282. [PMID: 32728664 PMCID: PMC7382952 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngyong Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Matthew A. Gaddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Mohammad A. Alfhili
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,
Correspondence to: Mohammad A. Alfhili (); Myon Hee Lee ()
| | - Myon Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States,
Correspondence to: Mohammad A. Alfhili (); Myon Hee Lee ()
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19
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Chen YS, Kang XR, Zhou ZH, Yang J, Xin Q, Ying CT, Zhang YP, Tao J. MiR-1908/EXO1 and MiR-203a/FOS, regulated by scd1, are associated with fracture risk and bone health in postmenopausal diabetic women. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:9549-9584. [PMID: 32454462 PMCID: PMC7288911 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase-1 (SCD1) can inhibit the development of diabetic bone disease by promoting osteogenesis. In this study, we examined whether this regulation by SCD1 is achieved by regulating the expression of related miRNAs. METHODS SCD1 expression levels were observed in human bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the effect of SCD1 on osteogenesis was observed in human adipose-derived MSCs transfected with the SCD1 lentiviral system. We designed a bioinformatics prediction model to select important differentially expressed miRNAs, and established protein-protein interaction and miRNA-mRNA networks. miRNAs and mRNAs were extracted and their differential expression was detected. The SCD1-miRNA-mRNA network was validated. FINDINGS SCD1 expression in bone marrow was downregulated in patients with T2DM and low-energy fracture, and SCD1 expression promotes BM-MSC osteogenic differentiation. The predictors in the nomogram were seven microRNAs, including hsa-miR-1908 and hsa-miR-203a. SCD1 inhibited the expression of CDKN1A and FOS, but promoted the expression of EXO1 and PLS1. miR-1908 was a regulator of EXO1 expression, and miR-203a was a regulator of FOS expression. INTERPRETATION The regulation of BM-MSCs by SCD1 is a necessary condition for osteogenesis through the miR-203a/FOS and miR-1908/EXO1 regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-sheng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xue-ran Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zi-hui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jiang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Qi Xin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Chen-ting Ying
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yun-peng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jie Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
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A Multimodal Genotoxic Anticancer Drug Characterized by Pharmacogenetic Analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2020; 215:609-621. [PMID: 32414869 PMCID: PMC7337070 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
New anticancer therapeutics require extensive in vivo characterization to identify endogenous and exogenous factors affecting efficacy, to measure toxicity and mutagenicity, and to determine genotypes that result in therapeutic sensitivity or resistance. We used Caenorhabditis elegans as a platform with which to characterize properties of the anticancer therapeutic CX-5461. To understand the processes that respond to CX-5461-induced damage, we generated pharmacogenetic profiles for a panel of C. elegans DNA replication and repair mutants with common DNA-damaging agents for comparison with the profile of CX-5461. We found that multiple repair pathways, including homology-directed repair, microhomology-mediated end joining, nucleotide excision repair, and translesion synthesis, were needed for CX-5461 tolerance. To determine the frequency and spectrum of CX-5461-induced mutations, we used a genetic balancer to capture CX-5461-induced mutations. We found that CX-5461 is mutagenic, resulting in both large copy number variations and a high frequency of single-nucleotide variations (SNVs), which are consistent with the pharmacogenetic profile for CX-5461. Whole-genome sequencing of CX-5461-exposed animals found that CX-5461-induced SNVs exhibited a distinct mutational signature. We also phenocopied the CX-5461 photoreactivity observed in clinical trials and demonstrated that CX-5461 generates reactive oxygen species when exposed to UVA radiation. Together, the data from C. elegans demonstrate that CX-5461 is a multimodal DNA-damaging anticancer agent.
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21
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Lu J, Wang Y, Zhang S, Bond P, Yuan Z, Guo J. Triclosan at environmental concentrations can enhance the spread of extracellular antibiotic resistance genes through transformation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 713:136621. [PMID: 32019018 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The dissemination of antibiotic resistance mediated by horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is exacerbating the global antibiotic crisis. Currently, little is known about whether non-antibiotic, anti-microbial (NAAM) chemicals are associated with the dissemination of ARGs in the environment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether a ubiquitous NAAM chemical, triclosan (TCS), is able to promote the transformation of plasmid-borne antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). By using the plasmid pUC19 carrying ampicillin resistance genes as the extracellular ARG and a model microorganism Escherichia coli DH5ɑ as the recipient, we found that TCS at environmentally detected concentrations (0.2 μg/L to 20 μg/L) significantly enhanced the transformation of plasmid-borne ARGs into E. coli DH5ɑ for up to 1.4-fold. The combination of phenotypic experiments, genome-wide RNA sequencing and proteomic analyses revealed that TCS exposure stimulated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production for 1.3- to 1.5-fold, induced bacterial membrane damage and up-regulated the translation of outer membrane porin. Moreover, general secretion system Sec (1.4-fold), twin arginine translocation system Tat (1.2-fold) and type IV pilus secretion systems (2.5-fold) were enhanced by TCS, which might contribute to the DNA searching/capture by pilus. Together, TCS might increase the transformation frequency of ARGs into E. coli DH5ɑ by ROS over-production, damaging cell membrane barrier, mediating the pilus capture of plasmid and the translocation of plasmid via cell membrane channels. This study reports that TCS could accelerate the transformation of extracellular ARGs to competent bacteria at environmentally relevant concentrations. The findings advance our understanding of the fate of ARGs in ecosystems and call for risk assessments of NAAM chemicals on disseminating antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Lu
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yue Wang
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Philip Bond
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Wang C, Huang W, Lin J, Fang F, Wang X, Wang H. Triclosan-induced liver and brain injury in zebrafish (Danio rerio) via abnormal expression of miR-125 regulated by PKCα/Nrf2/p53 signaling pathways. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 241:125086. [PMID: 31627110 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is widely used in personal care products, and its chronic exposure leads to severely toxic effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio). PKCα, Nrf2 and p53 are three important signaling pathways concerned with cell development. Herein, we speculated on and verified a novel TCS regulatory pathway: (1) TCS acted on GPER (G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor) to activate MAPK/ERK pathway, further resulting in the expression changes of protein kinase C (PKC) family; (2) PKC participated in Nrf2 phosphorylation; (3) The expression of miR-125b was regulated by Nrf2; and (4) The expression changes of related genes in the PKCs-Nrf2-ARE pathway showed the specificity of zebrafish tissue and organ. TCS exposure led to down-regulation of the Nrf2 and phosphorylated Nrf2(Ser40) protein in diencephalon nucleus, stratum marginale and stratum centrale areas in adult zebrafish brain. The phosphorylated Nrf2(Ser40) was mainly expressed in PGz area, while it was not the case for Nrf2. Both Nrf2 and phosphorylated Nrf2 were activated by TCS exposure; however, the changing trend of PKCs was opposite to that of Nrf2 in the liver. Both DAPI staining and Merge images demonstrated that TCS induced oxidative phosphorylation, and phosphorylated Nrf2 is translocated into the nucleus as the transcription factor to regulate gene transcription in liver and brain. Nrf2 over-expression increased accumulation of lipid droplets in yolk, brain and liver, resulting from the upregulation of pri-miR-125b1, pri-miR-125b3, but not pri-miR-125b2. These findings reveal the upstream regulation mechanism of miR-125b for TCS-induced fat-metabolism disorder from the regulatory perspective of the pri-miR-125b promoter region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Wenhao Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Jiebo Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Huili Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
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Zhang Z, Liu W, Hu J, Qu Y, Zhao J, Pan Y, Zhang X, Quan X. Surface water extracts impair gene profiles and differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 132:104823. [PMID: 31445443 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Low concentrations of pollutants in surface water challenge the assessment of chronic effects on human health. Human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) were employed as a sensitive and relevant in vitro model to evaluate the potential biological effects caused by mixtures of pollutants in surface water. Organic extracts of surface water collected from Hun River inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Surface water extracts at noncytotoxic concentrations induced 533 to 1055 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in hBMSCs after 48 h of exposure. Total of 370 genes were commonly affected by surface water from different sites and accounted for 35-69% of DEGs impaired by individual sample. Pathways related to human diseases, genetic information processing and organismal systems were enriched based on DEGs. Interleukins (IL1B, IL6 and IL8) were affected and involved in most human diseases related pathways. The significantly downregulation of COL1A1 and the variation of rheumatoid arthritis pathway suggested that surface water potentially inhibited osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. Clustering analysis and principle component analysis with DEGs distinguish the surface water from tributary and mainstream. The crossing-species comparison of transcriptomic changes identified 923 and 2715 differentially expressed orthologs in hBMSCs and zebrafish, respectively. After the exposure ceased, the followed osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in hBMSCs for 14 days were inhibited by the treatment of surface water during undifferentiated period, whereas the non-polar fraction exhibited stronger potency in affecting differentiation than the mid to polar fractions. hBMSCs, combining unsupervised transcriptomic technique and specific endpoints test, are promising in screening the health effects of environmental mixtures in surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Junxiang Hu
- Liaoning Environmental Monitoring Experiment Center, Shenyang 110031, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yifan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Dai X, Yan X, Wintergerst KA, Cai L, Keller BB, Tan Y. Nrf2: Redox and Metabolic Regulator of Stem Cell State and Function. Trends Mol Med 2019; 26:185-200. [PMID: 31679988 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is ubiquitously expressed in most eukaryotic cells and functions to induce a broad range of cellular defenses against exogenous and endogenous stresses, including oxidants, xenobiotics, and excessive nutrient/metabolite supply. Because the production and fate of stem cells are often modulated by cellular redox and metabolic homeostasis, important roles of Nrf2 have emerged in the regulation of stem cell quiescence, survival, self-renewal, proliferation, senescence, and differentiation. In a rapidly advancing field, this review summarizes Nrf2 signaling in the context of stem cell state and function and provides a rationale for Nrf2 as a therapeutic target in stem cell-based regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Dai
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yan
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kupper A Wintergerst
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Wendy Novak Diabetes Center, Louisville, KY, USA; Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lu Cai
- Wendy Novak Diabetes Center, Louisville, KY, USA; Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Bradley B Keller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Kosair Charities Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Yi Tan
- Wendy Novak Diabetes Center, Louisville, KY, USA; Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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Cai S, Zhu J, Sun L, Fan C, Zhong Y, Shen Q, Li Y. Association Between Urinary Triclosan With Bone Mass Density and Osteoporosis in US Adult Women, 2005‒2010. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:4531-4538. [PMID: 31237619 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Laboratory studies have demonstrated that triclosan (TCS) can cause significant interstitial collagen accumulation and an increase in trabecular bone. However, little is known about the relationship between TCS exposure and human bone health. METHODS We used 2005 to 2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data to examine the association between urinary TCS concentration and bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis in US adult women aged ≥20 years. After inclusion and exclusion, 1848 women were analyzed. RESULTS After adjustment for other covariates, we observed significant associations between tertile 3 of TCS concentration and lower BMD in regions of the total femur (β = -0.016; 95% CI = -0.032, -0.000), intertrochanteric region (β = -0.022; 95% CI = -0.042, -0.002), and lumbar spine (β = -0.014; 95% CI = -0.029, 0.001), respectively, relative to tertile 1. Compared with women at tertile 1, those at tertile 3 were more likely to have increased prevalence of osteoporosis in the intertrochanteric region (OR = 2.464; 95% CI = 1.190, 5.105). CONCLUSION This epidemiological study investigated the association between urinary TCS concentration and BMD and osteoporosis in US adult women. We found urinary TCS concentration was negatively associated with BMD and was positively associated with the prevalence of osteoporosis. The evidence was stronger in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women. Future prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofang Cai
- Department of Science and Education, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiahao Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Hangzhou Medical College School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunhong Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Hangzhou Medical College School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaohong Zhong
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Shen
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Hangzhou Medical College School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
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26
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Alfhili MA, Weidner DA, Lee MH. Disruption of erythrocyte membrane asymmetry by triclosan is preceded by calcium dysregulation and p38 MAPK and RIP1 stimulation. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 229:103-111. [PMID: 31078025 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial used in personal care products, household items, and medical devices. Owing to its apoptotic potential against tumor cells, TCS has been proposed for the treatment of malignancy. A major complication of chemotherapy is anemia, which may result from direct erythrocyte hemolysis or premature cell death known as eryptosis. Similar to nucleated cells, eryptotic cells lose membrane asymmetry and Ca2+ regulation, and undergo oxidative stress, shrinkage, and activation of a host of kinases. In this report, we sought to examine the hemolytic and eryptotic potential of TCS and dissect the underlying mechanistic scenarios involved there in. Hemolysis was spectrophotometrically evaluated by the degree of hemoglobin release into the medium. Flow cytometry was utilized to detect phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure by annexin-V binding, intracellular Ca2+ by Fluo-3/AM fluorescence, and oxidative stress by 2-,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate (DCFH2-DA). Incubation of cells with 10-100 μM TCS for 1-4 h induced time- and dose-dependent hemolysis. Moreover, TCS significantly increased the percentage of eryptotic cells as evident by PS exposure (significantly enhanced annexin-V binding). Interestingly, TCS-induced eryptosis was preceded by elevated intracellular Ca2+ levels but was not associated with oxidative stress. Cotreatment of erythrocytes with 50 μM TCS and 50 μM SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor), or 300 μM necrostatin-1 (receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) inhibitor) significantly ameliorated TCS-induced PS externalization. We conclude that TCS is cytotoxic to erythrocytes by inducing hemolysis and stimulating premature death at least in part through Ca2+ mobilization, and p38 MAPK and RIP1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Alfhili
- Department of Medicine (Division of Hematology/Oncology), Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Douglas A Weidner
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Myon-Hee Lee
- Department of Medicine (Division of Hematology/Oncology), Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
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Triclosan: An Update on Biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1607304. [PMID: 31191794 PMCID: PMC6525925 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1607304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is a synthetic, chlorinated phenolic antimicrobial agent commonly used in commercial and healthcare products. Items made with TCS include soaps, deodorants, shampoos, cosmetics, textiles, plastics, surgical sutures, and prosthetics. A wealth of information obtained from in vitro and in vivo studies has demonstrated the therapeutic effects of TCS, particularly against inflammatory skin conditions. Nevertheless, extensive investigations on the molecular aspects of TCS action have identified numerous adversaries associated with the disinfectant including oxidative injury and influence of physiological lifespan and longevity. This review presents a summary of the biochemical alterations pertaining to TCS exposure, with special emphasis on the diverse molecular pathways responsive to TCS that have been elucidated during the present decade.
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Qu M, Liu Y, Xu K, Wang D. Activation of p38 MAPK Signaling‐Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Unfolded Protein Response by Nanopolystyrene Particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:e1800325. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Man Qu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of EducationMedical SchoolSoutheast University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Yaqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of EducationMedical SchoolSoutheast University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Kangni Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of EducationMedical SchoolSoutheast University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of EducationMedical SchoolSoutheast University Nanjing 210009 China
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29
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Alfhili MA, Yoon DS, Faten TA, Francis JA, Cha DS, Zhang B, Pan X, Lee MH. Non-Ionic Surfactants Antagonize Toxicity of Potential Phenolic Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals, Including Triclosan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Cells 2018; 41:1052-1060. [PMID: 30453732 PMCID: PMC6315314 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.0378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is a phenolic antimicrobial chemical used in consumer products and medical devices. Evidence from in vitro and in vivo animal studies has linked TCS to numerous health problems, including allergic, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disease. Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system, we here show that short-term TCS treatment (LC50: ~0.2 mM) significantly induced mortality in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, TCS-induced mortality was dramatically suppressed by co-treatment with non-ionic surfactants (NISs: e.g., Tween 20, Tween 80, NP-40, and Triton X-100), but not with anionic surfactants (e.g., sodium dodecyl sulfate). To identify the range of compounds susceptible to NIS inhibition, other structurally related chemical compounds were also examined. Of the compounds tested, only the toxicity of phenolic compounds (bisphenol A and benzyl 4-hydroxybenzoic acid) was significantly abrogated by NISs. Mechanistic analyses using TCS revealed that NISs appear to interfere with TCS-mediated mortality by micellar solubilization. Once internalized, the TCS-micelle complex is inefficiently exported in worms lacking PMP-3 (encoding an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter) transmembrane protein, resulting in overt toxicity. Since many EDCs and surfactants are extensively used in commercial products, findings from this study provide valuable insights to devise safer pharmaceutical and nutritional preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Alfhili
- Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology Division), Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834,
USA
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433,
Saudi Arabia
| | - Dong Suk Yoon
- Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology Division), Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834,
USA
| | - Taki A. Faten
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858,
USA
| | - Jocelyn A. Francis
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858,
USA
| | - Dong Seok Cha
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Jeonbuk 565-701,
Korea
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858,
USA
| | - Xiaoping Pan
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858,
USA
| | - Myon-Hee Lee
- Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology Division), Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834,
USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599,
USA
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Popova LB, Nosikova ES, Kotova EA, Tarasova EO, Nazarov PA, Khailova LS, Balezina OP, Antonenko YN. Protonophoric action of triclosan causes calcium efflux from mitochondria, plasma membrane depolarization and bursts of miniature end-plate potentials. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:1000-1007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Toxic Effects of Bisphenol A, Propyl Paraben, and Triclosan on Caenorhabditis elegans. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15040684. [PMID: 29621162 PMCID: PMC5923726 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15040684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous plasticizer which is absorbed by ingestion and dermal contact; propyl paraben (PPB) inhibits the microbiome and extends the shelf life of many personal care products, whereas triclosan (TCS) is commonly found in antiseptics, disinfectants, or additives. In this work, Caenorhabditis elegans was used as a biological model to assess the toxic effects of BPA, PPB, and TCS. The wild type strain, Bristol N2, was used in bioassays with the endpoints of lethality, growth, and reproduction; green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic strains with the hsp-3, hsp-4, hsp-16.2, hsp-70, sod-1, sod-4, cyp-35A4, cyp-29A2, and skn-1 genes were evaluated for their mRNA expression through fluorescence measurement; and quick Oil Red O (q ORO) was utilized to stain lipid deposits. Lethality was concentration-dependent, while TCS and PPB showed more toxicity than BPA. BPA augmented worm length, while PPB reduced it. All toxicants moderately increased the width and the width–length ratio. BPA and PPB promoted reproduction, in contrast to TCS, which diminished it. All toxicants affected the mRNA expression of genes related to cellular stress, control of reactive oxygen species, and nuclear receptor activation. Lipid accumulation occurred in exposed worms. In conclusion, BPA, PPB, and TCS alter the physiology of growth, lipid accumulation, and reproduction in C. elegans, most likely through oxidative stress mechanisms.
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32
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Yoon DS, Lee MH, Cha DS. Measurement of Intracellular ROS in Caenorhabditis elegans Using 2',7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein Diacetate. Bio Protoc 2018; 8:e2774. [PMID: 29744374 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated during normal metabolic processes under aerobic conditions. Since ROS production initiates harmful radical chain reactions on cellular macromolecules, including lipid peroxidation, DNA mutation, and protein denaturation, it has been implicated in a wide spectrum of diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, ischemia-reperfusion and aging. Over the past several decades, antioxidants have received explosive attention regarding their protective potential against these deleterious reactions. Accordingly, many analytical methodologies have been developed for the evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of compounds or complex biological samples. Herein, we introduce a simple and convenient method to detect in vivo intracellular ROS levels photometrically in Caenorhabditis elegans using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA), a cell permeant tracer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Suk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine (Division of Hematology/Oncology), Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Myon-Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine (Division of Hematology/Oncology), Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Dong Seok Cha
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
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