1
|
Ma Y, Guo L, Pang H, Yan Q, Li J, Hu M, Yi F. Failure of intravenous nifekalant cardioversion as an independent predictor for persistent atrial fibrillation recurrence after catheter ablation. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2024; 67:1161-1171. [PMID: 38051431 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-023-01713-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Nifekalant is a class III antiarrhythmic drug that exerts antiarrhythmic effects by inhibiting rapid rectifying potassium channels and extending the effective refractory period of cardiomyocytes. It has a high success rate in converting atrial fibrillation (AF) to sinus rhythm. Whether the failure of intravenous nifekalant cardioversion is an independent predictor for persistent AF recurrence after catheter ablation has not been reported. METHODS A total of 92 patients with drug-refractory persistent AF were retrospectively enrolled. After all ablations, intravenous nifekalant was administrated. Patients were assigned to the success group (group 1) and failure group (group 2) based on nifekalant cardioversion results and followed for 12 months to note any episode of atrial arrhythmia recurrence. RESULTS Each group included 46 patients. After 12 months of follow-up, nine (19.6%) patients from group 1 and 23 (50.0%) patients from group 2 had a recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia (P = 0.002). AF duration and type 2 diabetes were strongly associated with failure of intravenous nifekalant cardioversion. Univariable Cox proportional hazard regression showed that failure of intravenous nifekalant cardioversion, AF duration, and type 2 diabetes were potential risk factors. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression showed that failure of nifekalant cardioversion was statistically associated with AF recurrence (adjusted RR = 2.257, 95% CI: 1.006-5.066, P = 0.048). Failure of intravenous nifekalant cardioversion could bring a positive effect on the prognostic differentiation when added into the multivariable model (0.767 ± 0.042 vs. 0.774 ± 0.045, P = 0.025). CONCLUSION Failure of nifekalant cardioversion is an independent predictor for persistent AF recurrence after catheter ablation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Lanyan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Huani Pang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Qun Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Miaoyang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Fu Yi
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kiyohara T, Sakaguchi K, Maeda D, Hoshiga M. Stellate ganglion blockade combined with nifekalant for patients with electrical storm: a case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep 2022; 7:ytac468. [PMID: 36582597 PMCID: PMC9792272 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytac468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Although both stellate ganglion blockade and nifekalant are effective treatment options for electrical storm, the clinical effect of their combination is uncertain. Case summary A 71-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital with acute myocardial infarction and heart failure. Emergency coronary angiography revealed triple-vessel disease. Although coronary artery bypass grafting was planned, the patient experienced electrical storm before the surgery could be performed. Despite complete revascularization by percutaneous coronary intervention, mechanical circulatory support and administration of antiarrhythmic agents (amiodarone and lidocaine), electrical storm was not controlled. After stellate ganglion blockade was initiated on the 9th day of hospitalization, ventricular arrhythmia decreased. However, when stellate ganglion blockade was temporarily discontinued, ventricular arrhythmia increased substantially. Subsequently, combination therapy with stellate ganglion blockade and nifekalant was initiated, after which ventricular arrhythmia disappeared completely. Afterwards, the patient had no further ventricular arrhythmia episodes, and his haemodynamic status gradually improved. The patient was discharged from hospital in an ambulatory condition and did not experience arrhythmia during the follow-up. Discussion This case demonstrates that combination therapy with stellate ganglion blockade and nifekalant can completely suppress ventricular arrhythmia, suggesting that blocking multiple conduction pathways is a key to treating refractory electrical storm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kiyohara
- Department of Cardiology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 5698686Japan
| | - Kenta Sakaguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 5698686Japan
| | - Daichi Maeda
- Corresponding author: Tel: +81 726 83 1221, Fax: +81 726 84 6598,
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiao H, Chen Q, Tao L. Long-term nifekalant use in a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy and recurrent ventricular tachycardia. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221133704. [PMID: 36300319 PMCID: PMC9620144 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221133704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential utility of nifekalant, a new Class III antiarrhythmic drug, to
offer long-term protection against ventricular arrhythmia has been investigated
in this case report. A 44-year-old male patient with dilated cardiomyopathy
complicated with heart failure and persistent ventricular tachycardia was
treated with nifekalant. The patient was treated with nifekalant for 31 days,
which effectively terminated ventricular tachycardia and maintained sinus
rhythm, with no clinical adverse reactions. After heart transplantation,
postoperative follow-up showed good cardiac function and no arrhythmia. On the
basis of nifekalant’s working mechanism, there is a good chance that it can cure
ventricular arrhythmia on a long-term basis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Xiao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital
Affiliated with the Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei,
P.R. China,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Cardiomyopathy, Wuhan, Hubei,
P.R. China
| | - Qitong Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital
Affiliated with the Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei,
P.R. China,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Cardiomyopathy, Wuhan, Hubei,
P.R. China
| | - Liang Tao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital
Affiliated with the Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei,
P.R. China,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Cardiomyopathy, Wuhan, Hubei,
P.R. China,Liang Tao, Department of Cardiac Surgery,
Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated with the Wuhan University of Science and
Technology, No.753 Jinghan Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Funakoshi H, Aso S, Homma Y, Onodera R, Tahara Y. Nifekalant versus Amiodarone for Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest with Refractory Shockable Rhythms; a Post Hoc Analysis. ARCHIVES OF ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2022; 10:e6. [PMID: 35072095 PMCID: PMC8771153 DOI: 10.22037/aaem.v10i1.1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is still unclear that which anti-arrhythmics are adequate for treating refractory dysrhythmia. This study aimed to compare amiodarone and nifekalant in management of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases with refractory shockable rhythm. METHODS This was a post hoc analysis of cases registered in a nationwide, multicentre, prospective registry that includes 288 critical care medical centres in Japan. From June 2014 to December 2017, we included all out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients aged ≥18 years who presented with refractory arrhythmia (sustained ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia following delivery of at least two defibrillator shocks) and treated with nifekalant or amiodarone after arrival to hospital. Overlap weight was performed to address potential confounding factors. RESULTS 1,317 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with refractory arrhythmia were enrolled and categorized into amiodarone (n = 1,275) and nifekalant (n = 42) groups. After overlap weight was performed, there were no significant intergroup differences in increased the rate of admission after return of spontaneous circulation [-5.9% (95%CI: -7.1 to 22.4); p = 0.57], 30-day favourable neurological outcome [0.1% (95%CI: -14 to 13.9); p = 0.99], and 30-day survival [-3.9% (95% CI: -19.8 to 12.0); p = 0.63]. CONCLUSION This nationwide study showed that nifekalant was not associated with improved outcomes regarding admission after return of spontaneous circulation, 30-day survival, and 30-day favourable neurological outcome compared with amiodarone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiraku Funakoshi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokyobay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, 3-4-32 Todaijima, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0001, Japan.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo. 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8555, Japan.,Corresponding author: Hiraku Funakoshi; Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokyobay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, 3-4-32 Todaijima, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0001, Japan. Telephone: +81-473513101, Fax: +81-473526237,
| | - Shotaro Aso
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yosuke Homma
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokyobay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, 3-4-32 Todaijima, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0001, Japan
| | - Ryuta Onodera
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokyobay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, 3-4-32 Todaijima, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0001, Japan
| | - Yoshio Tahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-shimmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vandersmissen H, Gworek H, Dewolf P, Sabbe M. Drug use during adult advanced cardiac life support: An overview of reviews. Resusc Plus 2021; 7:100156. [PMID: 34430950 PMCID: PMC8371248 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2021.100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To conduct an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses to summarize the ever-growing evidence on drug use during advanced life support. METHODS We searched Embase, Medline, Cochrane central register of controlled trials and Web of science for systematic reviews and meta-analyses reporting on drug use during advanced life support from inception to March, 2020. Two reviewers independently assessed all abstracts for eligibility, extracted data and assessed risk of bias using the AMSTAR-2 tool. Corrected covered areas were calculated from publication citation matrices to account for potential risk of bias. Data were graphically represented using forest plots. RESULTS Twenty-two head-to-head drug comparisons from 47 included articles were analysed. Adrenaline significantly increases the incidence of return of spontaneous circulation and survival to hospital discharge, but not the incidence of neurological intact survival. Vasopressin alone or in combination with adrenaline is not superior to adrenaline alone. There is a trend favouring lidocaine over amiodarone in shockable cardiac arrest. The risk of bias assessment of included studies ranged from very low to very high and the overlap between articles was moderate to high. CONCLUSIONS In line with the guidelines, we currently suggest that a standard dose of adrenaline should be administered during resuscitation, however, studies assessing lower doses of adrenaline are pressing. There is no rationale for the combination of vasopressin and adrenaline or vasopressin alone instead of adrenaline. In addition, lidocaine is a valuable alternative for amiodarone and maybe even preferable for shockable cardiac arrest. However more research is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Vandersmissen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KULeuven, Faculty of Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hanne Gworek
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KULeuven, Faculty of Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Dewolf
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KULeuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leuven, Belgium
- KULeuven, Faculty of Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Sabbe
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KULeuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leuven, Belgium
- KULeuven, Faculty of Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Srisurapanont K, Thepchinda T, Kwangsukstith S, Saetiao S, Kasirawat C, Janmayka W, Wongtanasarasin W. Comparing Drugs for Out-of-hospital, Shock-refractory Cardiac Arrest: Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. West J Emerg Med 2021; 22:834-841. [PMID: 35354019 PMCID: PMC8328185 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2021.2.49590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The benefit of medications used in out-of-hospital, shock-refractory cardiac arrest remains controversial. This study aims to compare the treatment outcomes of medications for out-of-hospital, shock-refractory ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (pVT). METHODS The inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials of participants older than eight years old who had atraumatic, out-of-hospital, shock-refractory VF/pVT in which at least one studied group received a medication. We conducted a database search on October 28, 2019, that included PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL Complete, and Cochrane CENTRAL. Citations of relevant meta-analyses were also searched. We performed frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA) to combine the comparisons. The outcomes were analyzed by using odds ratios (OR) and compared to placebo. The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. The secondary outcomes included the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), survival to hospital admission, and the neurological outcome at discharge. We ranked all outcomes using surface under the cumulative ranking score. RESULTS We included 18 studies with 6,582 participants. The NMA of 20 comparisons included 12 medications and placebo. Only norepinephrine showed a significant increase of ROSC (OR = 8.91, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.88-42.29). Amiodarone significantly improved survival to hospital admission (OR = 1.53, 95% CI, 1.01-2.32). The ROSC and survival-to-hospital admission data were significantly heterogeneous with the I2 of 55.1% and 59.1%, respectively. This NMA satisfied the assumption of transitivity. CONCLUSION No medication was associated with improved survival to hospital discharge from out-of-hospital, shock-refractory cardiac arrest. For the secondary outcomes, norepinephrine was associated with improved ROSC and amiodarone was associated with an increased likelihood of survival to hospital admission in the NMA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Suchada Saetiao
- Chiang Mai University, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Worawan Janmayka
- Chiang Mai University, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wachira Wongtanasarasin
- Chiang Mai University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tomita A, Fujimoto T, Takada S, Hayashi Y. Anesthetic management of a patient with severe aortic regurgitation undergoing reoperation for ascending aorta false aneurysm using hypothermia: prevention of ventricular fibrillation by nifekalant. JA Clin Rep 2021; 7:43. [PMID: 34018058 PMCID: PMC8137800 DOI: 10.1186/s40981-021-00446-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To prevent cardiac collapse and to protect cerebral function, hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass is established before resternotomy. However, ventricular fibrillation under hypothermia facilitates left ventricular distension, which causes irreversible myocardial damage when the patient has aortic regurgitation. We report a case of successful management in preventing ventricular fibrillation under hypothermia by using nifekalant. CASE PRESENTATION A 56-year-old male, who had been performed a David operation, was scheduled for a Bentall operation for a pseudo aortic aneurysm with severe aortic regurgitation. After inducing anesthesia, we administered intravenous nifekalant and a vent tube was inserted into the left ventricle under one-lung ventilation. Extracorporeal circulation was established and resternotomy started after cooling to 27 °C. Although severe bradycardia and QT prolongation were observed, ventricular fibrillation did not occur until aortic cross-clamping. CONCLUSION Combining maintaining cerebral perfusion and avoiding left ventricle distension during hypothermia was successfully managed with nifekalant in our redo cardiac patient with aortic regurgitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Tomita
- Anesthesiology Service, Sakurabashi-Watanabe Hospital, Osaka, Japan. .,Present address: Anesthesiology Service, Osaka City General Hospital, 2-13-22 Miyakojima-hondori, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka, 531-0021, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Fujimoto
- Anesthesiology Service, Sakurabashi-Watanabe Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoko Takada
- Anesthesiology Service, Sakurabashi-Watanabe Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukio Hayashi
- Anesthesiology Service, Sakurabashi-Watanabe Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhai Z, Xia Z, Xia Z, Hu J, Hu J, Zhu B, Xiong Q, Wu Y, Hong K, Chen Q, Yu J, Li J. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of different doses of nifekalant in the instant cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation during radiofrequency ablation. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 128:430-439. [PMID: 33037726 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nifekalant has been used in the treatment of atrial arrhythmia recently. However, there is no consensus on the preferable nifekalant dose to treat atrial fibrillation (AF). The purpose of this study was to explore efficacy and safety of different doses of nifekalant in the cardioversion of persistent AF. The study was a single-centre, randomized controlled trial. All subjects received nifekalant or placebo intravenously, and the nifekalant was given at the dosage of 0.3, 0.4 or 0.5 mg/kg. Primary efficacy end-point: compared with 0.3 mg group, the rate of cardioversion to sinus rhythm from AF in 0.4 and 0.5 mg group was higher. The 0.4 and 0.5 mg/kg doses were associated with a similar magnitude of efficacy (P > .05). Secondary efficacy end-point: termination rates of AF in the group of 0.4 mg and 0.5 mg were higher than 0.3 mg. Primary safety end-point: the rate of Torsades de Pointes or ventricular fibrillation was numerically lower in the 0.4 mg group than 0.5 mg group (P = .02). Secondary safety end-point: The rates of the majority of other common drug-related adverse events in the group of 0.5 and 0.4 mg were higher than the 0.3 mg group. A 0.4 mg/kg dose of intravenous nifekalant may be recommended during the radiofrequency ablation for persistent AF considering the benefit-risk profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zirong Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhen Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinzhu Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianxin Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qinmei Xiong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kui Hong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - JianHua Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Juxiang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Furutani K, Tsumoto K, Chen IS, Handa K, Yamakawa Y, Sack JT, Kurachi Y. Facilitation of I Kr current by some hERG channel blockers suppresses early afterdepolarizations. J Gen Physiol 2019; 151:214-230. [PMID: 30674563 PMCID: PMC6363420 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201812192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Some hERG channel blockers are clinically safe, but others cause fatal cardiac arrhythmias. Furutani et al. show that safe blockers facilitate channel opening in ventricular myocytes and provide a repolarization reserve at precisely the voltages and times needed to suppress arrhythmias. Drug-induced block of the cardiac rapid delayed rectifying potassium current (IKr), carried by the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) channel, is the most common cause of acquired long QT syndrome. Indeed, some, but not all, drugs that block hERG channels cause fatal cardiac arrhythmias. However, there is no clear method to distinguish between drugs that cause deadly arrhythmias and those that are clinically safe. Here we propose a mechanism that could explain why certain clinically used hERG blockers are less proarrhythmic than others. We demonstrate that several drugs that block hERG channels, but have favorable cardiac safety profiles, also evoke another effect; they facilitate the hERG current amplitude in response to low-voltage depolarization. To investigate how hERG facilitation impacts cardiac safety, we develop computational models of IKr block with and without this facilitation. We constrain the models using data from voltage clamp recordings of hERG block and facilitation by nifekalant, a safe class III antiarrhythmic agent. Human ventricular action potential simulations demonstrate the ability of nifekalant to suppress ectopic excitations, with or without facilitation. Without facilitation, excessive IKr block evokes early afterdepolarizations, which cause lethal arrhythmias. When facilitation is introduced, early afterdepolarizations are prevented at the same degree of block. Facilitation appears to prevent early afterdepolarizations by increasing IKr during the repolarization phase of action potentials. We empirically test this prediction in isolated rabbit ventricular myocytes and find that action potential prolongation with nifekalant is less likely to induce early afterdepolarization than action potential prolongation with dofetilide, a hERG channel blocker that does not induce facilitation. Our data suggest that hERG channel blockers that induce facilitation increase the repolarization reserve of cardiac myocytes, rendering them less likely to trigger lethal ventricular arrhythmias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuharu Furutani
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan .,Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Kunichika Tsumoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - I-Shan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Handa
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Yamakawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jon T Sack
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Yoshihisa Kurachi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan .,Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|