1
|
Rivasto E, Aye MM, Huhtinen H, Paturi P. Enhanced critical current density in optimized high-temperature superconducting bilayer thin films. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2023; 36:135702. [PMID: 38100827 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad162c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The superconducting and structural properties of bilayer thin films based on YBa2Cu3O7-x / YBa2Cu3O7-x+6%BaZrO3heterstructures have been studied. In a broad range of magnetic field strengths and temperatures, the optimal bilayer film comprises 30% YBCO at the substrate interface and 70% YBCO+6%BZO on the top. The critical current density measured for the optimal bilayer structure is shown to outperform the corresponding single layer films up to almost 60%. The obtained results are comprehensively discussed in the light of our previously published theoretical framework (Rivastoet al2023J. Phys.: Condens. Matter35075701:1-10). We conclude that the bilayering provides an efficient and easily applicable way to further increase the performance and applicability of high-temperature superconductors in various applications. Consequently, the bilayer films should be seriously considered as candidates for the upcoming generation of coated conductors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Rivasto
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M M Aye
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- University of Turku Graduate School (UTUGS), University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - H Huhtinen
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - P Paturi
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rivasto E, Hynninen T, Huhtinen H, Paturi P. Optimization of high-temperature superconducting bilayer structures using a vortex dynamics simulation. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 35:075701. [PMID: 36322984 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac9f97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We argue that the current carrying properties of high-temperature superconducting thin films can be further improved, in particular under the mid-field range (B ≈ 0.1-2 T), via introduction of multilayer structures that compromise between good zero field critical current and vortex pinning performance. In this work we focus on a simple bilayer structure consisting of two adjacent layers of pure YBa2Cu3O6+x(YBCO) and BaZrO3(BZO) doped YBCO under magnetic field within the mid-field range oriented parallel to thec-axis of the YBCO unit cell. We have utilized a computational model to simulate the vortex dynamics limited critical current separately from the associated zero field current, which is addressed analytically. The obtained results have allowed us to estimate the optimal layer thicknesses as a function of magnetic field. Our idealized model suggests that the thickness of the doped layer should be substantially smaller than the undoped one, that is around 30% of the total thickness of the film. We have estimated that the current carrying capability of the optimized bilayer structure can be up to 50% higher when compared with corresponding single layer films. Possible deviations from the obtained results associated with the idealized model, most prominently the effect of natural defects, are comprehensively discussed. Our results provide the foundation for the future experimental realization of the proposed bilayer structures. The comparison between the presented results and experimental realization would enable further study of the underlying primitive vortex interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Rivasto
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- University of Turku Graduate School (UTUGS), University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - T Hynninen
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - H Huhtinen
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - P Paturi
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang J, Wu H, Zhao G, Han L, Zhang J. Progress in the Study of Vortex Pinning Centers in High-Temperature Superconducting Films. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12224000. [PMID: 36432287 PMCID: PMC9696172 DOI: 10.3390/nano12224000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of high-temperature superconductors (HTSs), significant progress in the fabrication of HTS films has been achieved. In this review, we intend to provide an overview of recent progress in how and why superconductivity can be enhanced by introducing nanoscale vortex pinning centers. The comprehensive control of morphology, dimension, orientation and concentration of artificial pinning centers (APCs) and the principle of vortex pinning are the focus of this review. According to the existing literature, HTSs with the best superconductivity can be obtained when one-dimensional (1D) and three-dimensional (3D) nanoscale APCs are combined for vortex pinning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China
| | - Guangzhen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China
| | - Lu Han
- Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rivasto E, Huhtinen H, Hynninen T, Paturi P. Vortex dynamics simulation for pinning structure optimization in the applications of high-temperature superconductors. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:235902. [PMID: 35294932 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac5e78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a molecular dynamics based simulation model that enables the efficient optimization of complex pinning structures in unpresented wide magnetic field and angular ranges for high-temperature superconductor applications. The fully three-dimensional simulation allows the modeling of the critical current and the associated anisotropy in the presence of any kinds of defects despite their size and orientation. Most prominently, these include artificial defects such as nanorods along with intrinsic weak-links orab-plane oriented stacking faults, for example. In this work, we present and analyze the most fundamental results of the simulation model and compare them indirectly with a wide range of previous experimental and computational observations. With the provided validation for the proposed simulation model, we consider it to be an extremely useful tool in particular for pushing the limits of ampacity in the coated conductor industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Rivasto
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wihuri Physical Laboratory, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- University of Turku Graduate School (UTUGS), University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - H Huhtinen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wihuri Physical Laboratory, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- University of Turku Graduate School (UTUGS), University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - T Hynninen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wihuri Physical Laboratory, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- University of Turku Graduate School (UTUGS), University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - P Paturi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wihuri Physical Laboratory, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- University of Turku Graduate School (UTUGS), University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rijckaert H, Cayado P, Hänisch J, Billet J, Erbe M, Holzapfel B, Van Driessche I. Unravelling the Crystallization Process in Solution-Derived YBa 2Cu 3O 7-δ Nanocomposite Films with Preformed ZrO 2 Nanocrystals via Definitive Screening Design. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:2118-2125. [PMID: 33625860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A low-cost chemical solution deposition technique was employed to prepare YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) nanocomposite films starting from a colloidal solution containing preformed ZrO2 nanocrystals. As previous publications revealed, an increase in the amount of nanocrystals results in a progressive deterioration of the film properties. The parameters that control this process and their interplay are still unknown in detail. Using definitive screening design (DSD), a design-of-experiments approach, allowed determining which of the multiple growth parameters play a key role for improving the superconducting properties of YBCO nanocomposite films even with a large concentration of nanocrystals. In order to show the potential of DSD, it has been applied for the optimization of two different properties: the critical temperature Tc and the full width at half-maximum of the (005) YBCO reflection. This work shows that DSD is a powerful and efficient method that allows optimizing certain processes with a minimal number of experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Rijckaert
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, SCRiPTS, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pablo Cayado
- Institute for Technical Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jens Hänisch
- Institute for Technical Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jonas Billet
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, SCRiPTS, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Manuela Erbe
- Institute for Technical Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Holzapfel
- Institute for Technical Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Isabel Van Driessche
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, SCRiPTS, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rivasto E, Khan MZ, Malmivirta M, Rijckaert H, Aye MM, Hynninen T, Huhtinen H, Driessche IV, Paturi P. Self-assembled nanorods in YBCO matrix - a computational study of their effects on critical current anisotropy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3169. [PMID: 32081988 PMCID: PMC7035360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59879-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to understand how the doping with self-assembled nanorods of different sizes and concentrations as well as applied magnetic fields affect the critical current anisotropy in YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) thin films close to YBCO c-axis, we present an extensive and systematic computational study done by molecular dynamics simulation. The simulations are also used to understand experimentally measured Jc(θ) curves for BaHfO3, BaZrO3 and BaSnO3 doped YBCO thin films with the help of nanorod parameters obtained from transmission electron microscopy measurements. Our simulations reveal that the relation between applied and matching field plays a crucial role in the formation of Jc(θ)-peak around YBCO c-axis (c-peak) due to vortex-vortex interactions. We also find how different concentrations of different size nanorods effect the shape of the c-peak and explain how different features, such as double c-peak structures, arise. In addition to this, we have quantitatively explained that, even in an ideal superconductor, the overdoping of nanorods results in decrease of the critical current. Our results can be widely used to understand and predict the critical current anisotropy of YBCO thin films to improve and develop new pinscapes for various transport applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elmeri Rivasto
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland. .,University of Turku Graduate School (UTUGS), University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Mukarram Zaman Khan
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland.,University of Turku Graduate School (UTUGS), University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Malmivirta
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Hannes Rijckaert
- SCRiPTS, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Moe Moe Aye
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu Hynninen
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Hannu Huhtinen
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Isabel Van Driessche
- SCRiPTS, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Petriina Paturi
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Superconducting HfO2-YBa2Cu3O7−δ Nanocomposite Films Deposited Using Ink-Jet Printing of Colloidal Solutions. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To reduce the fabrication costs while maximizing the superconducting and pinning properties of YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) nanocomposite films, the drop-on-demand ink-jet printing technique was used to deposit colloidal YBCO inks onto LaAlO3 substrates. These inks containing preformed HfO2 nanocrystals were carefully adjusted, prior to the jettability, as the droplet formation depends on the rheological properties of the inks themselves. After carefully adjusting printing parameters, 450-nm thick pristine YBCO films with a self-field critical current density (Jc) of 2.7 MA cm−² at 77 K and 500-nm thick HfO2-YBCO nanocomposite films with a self-field Jc of 3.1 MA·cm−² at 77 K were achieved. The final HfO2-YBCO nanocomposite films contained dispersed BaHfO3 particles in a YBCO matrix due to the Ba2+ reactivity with the HfO2 nanocrystals. These nanocomposite films presented a more gradual decrease of Jc with the increased magnetic field. These nanocomposite films also showed higher pinning force densities than the pristine films. This pinning enhancement was related to the favorable size and distribution of the BaHfO3 particles in the YBCO matrix.
Collapse
|
8
|
Comparative Study on AC Susceptibility of YBa2Cu3O7−δ Added with BaZrO3 Nanoparticles Prepared via Solid-State and Co-Precipitation Method. CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst9120655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polycrystalline samples of YBa2Cu3O7−δ (Y-123) added with x mol% of BaZrO3 (BZO) nanoparticles (x = 0.0, 2.0, 5.0, and 7.0) were synthesized using co-precipitation (COP) and solid-state (SS) method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed the formation of Y-123 and Y-211 as the major and minor phases, respectively. The samples prepared using COP method showed higher weight percentage of Y-123 phase (≤98%) compared to the SS samples (≤93%). A peak corresponding to BZO was also found in the samples added with BZO nanoparticles. The increasing intensity of the BZO peak as the BZO amount increased showed the increasing amount of the unreacted nanoparticles in the samples. Refinement of unit cell lattice parameters indicated that all the samples have an orthorhombic crystal structure and there is no orthorhombic-tetragonal phase transformation. As observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), all the samples showed randomly distributed grains with irregular shape. The average grain size for the pure sample prepared using COP method is smaller (0.30 µm) compared with that of the pure SS sample (1.24 µm). Addition of 7.0 mol% BZO led to an increase of average grain size to 0.50 μm and 2.71 μm for the COP and SS samples, respectively, indicating grain growth. AC susceptibility (ACS) measurement showed a decrease in the onset critical temperature, Tc-onset with BZO addition. Comparatively, Tc-onset for the COP samples is higher than that of the SS samples. The value of Josephson’s current, Io increased up to 2.0 mol% BZO addition, above which the Io decreased more drastically for the SS samples. The value of Io is 53.95 μA and 32.08 μA for the 2.0 mol% BZO added SS and COP samples, respectively. The decrease of Io is attributed to the distribution of BZO particles at the grain boundaries as also reflected in the drastic decrease of phase lock-in temperature, Tcj. As a result of smaller average grain size, the presence of more grain boundaries containing insulating BZO particles led to lower Io in the COP samples.
Collapse
|
9
|
Khan MZ, Rivasto E, Tikkanen J, Rijckaert H, Malmivirta M, Liedke MO, Butterling M, Wagner A, Huhtinen H, Van Driessche I, Paturi P. Enhanced flux pinning isotropy by tuned nanosized defect network in superconducting YBa 2Cu 3O 6+x films. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15425. [PMID: 31659228 PMCID: PMC6817878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51978-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Striving to improve the critical current density Jc of superconducting YBa2Cu3O6+x (YBCO) thin films via enhanced vortex pinning, the interplay between film growth mechanisms and the formation of nanosized defects, both natural and artificial, is systematically studied in undoped and BaZrO3 (BZO)-doped YBCO thin films. The films were grown via pulsed laser deposition (PLD), varying the crystal grain size of the targets in addition to the dopant content. The microstructure of the PLD target has been observed to have a great impact on that of the deposited thin films, including the formation of vortex pinning centers, which has direct implications on the superconducting performance, especially on the isotropy of flux pinning properties. Based on experimentally measured angular dependencies of Jc, coupled with a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of flux pinning in the YBCO films, we present a quantitative model of how the splay and fragmentation of BZO nanorods artifically introduced into the YBCO film matrix explain the majority of the observed critical current anisotropy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mukarram Zaman Khan
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland. .,University of Turku Graduate School (UTUGS), University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Elmeri Rivasto
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland.,University of Turku Graduate School (UTUGS), University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi Tikkanen
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Hannes Rijckaert
- SCRiPTS, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mika Malmivirta
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Maciej Oskar Liedke
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maik Butterling
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Wagner
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hannu Huhtinen
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Isabel Van Driessche
- SCRiPTS, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Petriina Paturi
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pair Distribution Function Analysis of ZrO₂ Nanocrystals and Insights in the Formation of ZrO₂-YBa₂Cu₃O₇ Nanocomposites. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11071066. [PMID: 29937505 PMCID: PMC6073135 DOI: 10.3390/ma11071066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The formation of superconducting nanocomposites from preformed nanocrystals is still not well understood. Here, we examine the case of ZrO2 nanocrystals in a YBa2Cu3O7−x matrix. First we analyzed the preformed ZrO2 nanocrystals via atomic pair distribution function analysis and found that the nanocrystals have a distorted tetragonal crystal structure. Second, we investigated the influence of various surface ligands attached to the ZrO2 nanocrystals on the distribution of metal ions in the pyrolyzed matrix via secondary ion mass spectroscopy technique. The choice of stabilizing ligand is crucial in order to obtain good superconducting nanocomposite films with vortex pinning. Short, carboxylate based ligands lead to poor superconducting properties due to the inhomogeneity of metal content in the pyrolyzed matrix. Counter-intuitively, a phosphonate ligand with long chains does not disturb the growth of YBa2Cu3O7−x. Even more surprisingly, bisphosphonate polymeric ligands provide good colloidal stability in solution but do not prevent coagulation in the final film, resulting in poor pinning. These results thus shed light on the various stages of the superconducting nanocomposite formation.
Collapse
|