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Wang S, Wang X, Chen J, Wang M, Zhang C. Identification of key genes and biological pathways associated with vascular aging in diabetes based on bioinformatics and machine learning. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:9369-9385. [PMID: 38809515 PMCID: PMC11210242 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Vascular aging exacerbates diabetes-associated vascular damage, a major cause of microvascular and macrovascular complications. This study aimed to elucidate key genes and pathways underlying vascular aging in diabetes using integrated bioinformatics and machine learning approaches. Gene expression datasets related to vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) senescence and diabetic vascular aging were analyzed. Differential expression analysis identified 428 genes associated with VSMC senescence. Functional enrichment revealed their involvement in cellular senescence, ECM-receptor interaction, PI3K-Akt and AGE-RAGE signaling pathways. Further analysis of diabetic vascular aging datasets revealed 52 differentially expressed genes, enriched in AMPK signaling, AGE-RAGE signaling, cellular senescence, and VEGF signaling pathways. Machine learning algorithms, including LASSO regression and SVM-RFE, pinpointed six key genes: TFB1M, FOXRED2, LY75, DALRD3, PI4K2B, and NDOR1. Immune cell infiltration analysis demonstrated correlations between diabetic vascular aging, the identified key genes, and infiltration levels of plasma cells, M1 macrophages, CD8+ T cells, eosinophils, and regulatory T cells. In conclusion, this study identified six pivotal genes (TFB1M, FOXRED2, LY75, DALRD3, PI4K2B, and NDOR1) closely associated with diabetic vascular aging through integrative bioinformatics and machine learning approaches. These genes are linked to alterations in the immune microenvironment during diabetic vascular aging. This study provides a reference and basis for molecular mechanism research, biomarker mining, and diagnosis and treatment evaluation of diabetes-related vascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Sun WX, Gao YY, Cao Y, Lu JF, Lv GH, Xu HQ. Catalpol Prevents Glomerular Angiogenesis Induced by Advanced Glycation End Products via Inhibiting Galectin-3. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:668-678. [PMID: 37480413 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2750-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main characteristics of diabetic nephropathy (DN) at the early stage are abnormal angiogenesis of glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) and macrophage infiltration. Galectin-3 plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of DN via binding with its ligand, advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Catalpol, an iridoid glucoside extracted from Rehmannia glutinosa, has been found to ameliorate vascular inflammation, reduce endothelial permeability, and protect against endothelial damage in diabetic milieu. However, little is known about whether catalpol could exert an anti-angiogenesis and anti-inflammation effect induced by AGEs. METHODS Mouse GECs (mGECs) and RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with different concentrations of AGEs (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 µg/mL) for different time (0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h) to determine the optimal concentration of AGEs and treatment time. Cells were treated with catalpol (10 µmol/L), GB1107 (1 µmol/L, galectin-3 inhibitor), PX-478 (50 µmol/L, HIF-1α inhibitor), adenovirus-green fluorescent protein (Ad-GFP) [3×107 plaque-forming unit (PFU)/mL] or Ad-galectin-3-GFP (2×108 PFU/mL), which was followed by incubation with 50 µg/mL AGEs. The levels of galectin-3, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and pro-angiogenic factors angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), tunica interna endothelial cell kinase-2 (Tie-2) were detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to evaluate the proliferation of these cells. The expression levels of galectin-3, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1), VEGFR2, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in mGECs and those of galectin-3 and HIF-1α in RAW 264.7 macrophages were detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence (IF) staining. The rat DN model was established. Catalpol (100 mg/kg) or GB1107 (10 mg/kg) was administered intragastrically once a day for 12 weeks. Ad-galectin-3-GFP (6×107 PFU/mL, 0.5 mL) or Ad-GFP (6×106 PFU/mL, 0.5 mL) was injected into the tail vein of rats 48 h before the sacrifice of the animals. The expression of galectin-3, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and HIF-1α in renal cortices was analyzed by Western blotting. The expression of galectin-3, F4/80 (a macrophage biomarker), and CD34 (an endothelium biomarker) in renal cortices was detected by IF staining, and collagen accumulation by Masson staining. RESULTS The expression levels of galectin-3 and VEGFA were significantly higher in mGECs and RAW 264.7 macrophages treated with 50 µg/mL AGEs for 48 h than those in untreated cells. Catalpol and GB1107 could block the AGEs-induced proliferation of mGECs and RAW 264.7 macrophages. Over-expression of galectin-3 was found to reduce the inhibitory effect of catalpol on the proliferation of cells. Catalpol could significantly decrease the levels of Ang-1, Ang-2 and Tie-2 released by AGEs-treated mGECs, which could be reversed by over-expression of galectin-3. Catalpol could significantly inhibit AGEs-induced expression of galectin-3, HIF-1α, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2 in mGECs. The inhibitory effect of catalpol on galectin-3 in AGEs-treated mGECs was impaired by PX-478. Moreover, catalpol attenuated the AGEs-activated HIF-1α/galectin-3 pathway in RAW 264.7 macrophages, which was weakened by PX-478. Additionally, catalpol significantly inhibited the expression of galectin-3, macrophage infiltration, collagen accumulation, and angiogenesis in the kidney of diabetic rats. Over-expression of galectin-3 could antagonize these inhibitory effects of catalpol. CONCLUSION Catalpol prevented the angiogenesis of mGECs and macrophage proliferation via inhibiting galectin-3. It could prevent the progression of diabetes-induced renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xiang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, 225300, China
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Animal Pharmacy, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, 225300, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation for Chinese Material Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu-Yan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation for Chinese Material Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Jin-Fu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation for Chinese Material Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Gao-Hong Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation for Chinese Material Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hui-Qin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation for Chinese Material Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, Taizhou, 225300, China.
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Xiang ZY, Chen SL, Qin XR, Lin SL, Xu Y, Lu LN, Zou HD. Changes and related factors of blood CCN1 levels in diabetic patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1131993. [PMID: 37334311 PMCID: PMC10273100 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1131993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the differences in blood cellular communication network factor 1 (CCN1) levels between patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and healthy individuals and to explore the relationship between CCN1 and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods Plasma CCN1 levels were detected using ELISA in 50 healthy controls, 74 patients with diabetes without diabetic retinopathy (DM group), and 69 patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR group). Correlations between CCN1 levels and age, body mass index, mean arterial pressure, hemoglobin A1c, and other factors were analyzed. The relationship between CCN1 expression and DR was explored using logistic regression after adjusting for confounding factors. Blood mRNA sequencing analysis was performed for all subjects, and the molecular changes that may be related to CCN1 were explored. The retinal vasculature of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was examined using fundus fluorescein angiography; in addition, retinal protein expression was examined using western blotting. Results Plasma CCN1 levels in patients with DR were significantly higher than in the control and DM groups; however, no significant differences were observed between healthy controls and patients with DM. CCN1 levels negatively correlated with body mass index and positively correlated with the duration of diabetes and urea levels. It was observed that high (OR 4.72, 95% CI: 1.10-20.25) and very high (OR 8.54, 95% CI: 2.00-36.51) levels of CCN1 were risk factors for DR. Blood mRNA sequencing analysis revealed that CCN1-related pathways were significantly altered in the DR group. The expression of hypoxia-, oxidative stress-, and dephosphorylation-related proteins were elevated, while that of tight junction proteins were reduced in the retinas of diabetic rats. Conclusion Blood CCN1 levels are significantly elevated in patients with DR. High and very high levels of plasma CCN1 are risk factors for DR. Blood CCN1 level may be a potential biomarker for diagnosis of DR. The effects of CCN1 on DR may be related to hypoxia, oxidative stress, and dephosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yu Xiang
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Li Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Ran Qin
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen-Lin Lin
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Na Lu
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Dong Zou
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Li Y, Liu Y, Liu S, Gao M, Wang W, Chen K, Huang L, Liu Y. Diabetic vascular diseases: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:152. [PMID: 37037849 PMCID: PMC10086073 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular complications of diabetes pose a severe threat to human health. Prevention and treatment protocols based on a single vascular complication are no longer suitable for the long-term management of patients with diabetes. Diabetic panvascular disease (DPD) is a clinical syndrome in which vessels of various sizes, including macrovessels and microvessels in the cardiac, cerebral, renal, ophthalmic, and peripheral systems of patients with diabetes, develop atherosclerosis as a common pathology. Pathological manifestations of DPDs usually manifest macrovascular atherosclerosis, as well as microvascular endothelial function impairment, basement membrane thickening, and microthrombosis. Cardiac, cerebral, and peripheral microangiopathy coexist with microangiopathy, while renal and retinal are predominantly microangiopathic. The following associations exist between DPDs: numerous similar molecular mechanisms, and risk-predictive relationships between diseases. Aggressive glycemic control combined with early comprehensive vascular intervention is the key to prevention and treatment. In addition to the widely recommended metformin, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist, and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, for the latest molecular mechanisms, aldose reductase inhibitors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonizts, glucokinases agonizts, mitochondrial energy modulators, etc. are under active development. DPDs are proposed for patients to obtain more systematic clinical care requires a comprehensive diabetes care center focusing on panvascular diseases. This would leverage the advantages of a cross-disciplinary approach to achieve better integration of the pathogenesis and therapeutic evidence. Such a strategy would confer more clinical benefits to patients and promote the comprehensive development of DPD as a discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
- The Second Department of Gerontology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Mengqi Gao
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Keji Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- China Center for Evidence-based Medicine of TCM, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Yue Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Hu Y, Qi S, Zhuang H, Zhuo Q, Liang Y, Kong H, Zhao C, Zhang S. Proteotranscriptomic analyses reveal distinct interferon-beta signaling pathways and therapeutic targets in choroidal neovascularization. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1163739. [PMID: 37025993 PMCID: PMC10071000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1163739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the onset of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Methods Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of retinas in mice with laser-induced CNV were performed using RNA sequencing and tandem mass tag. In addition, the laser-treated mice received systemic interferon-β (IFN-β) therapy. Measurements of CNV lesions were acquired by the confocal analysis of stained choroidal flat mounts. The proportions of T helper 17 (Th17) cells were determined by flow cytometric analysis. Results A total of differentially expressed 186 genes (120 up-regulated and 66 down-regulated) and 104 proteins (73 up-regulated and 31 down-regulated) were identified. The gene ontology and KEGG pathway analyses indicated that CNV was mainly associated with immune and inflammatory responses, such as cellular response to IFN-β and Th17 cell differentiation. Moreover, the key nodes of the protein-protein interaction network mainly involved up-regulated proteins, including alpha A crystallin and fibroblast growth factor 2, and were verified by Western blotting. To confirm the changes in gene expression, real-time quantitative PCR was performed. Furthermore, levels of IFN-β in both the retina and plasma, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were significantly lower in the CNV group than in the control group. IFN-β treatment significantly reduced CNV lesion size and promoted the proliferation of Th17 cells in laser-treated mice. Conclusions This study demonstrates that the occurrence of CNV might be associated with the dysfunction of immune and inflammatory processes and that IFN-β could serve as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chen Zhao
- *Correspondence: Chen Zhao, ; Shujie Zhang,
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Jiang T, Zhang Y, Dai F, Liu C, Hu H, Zhang Q. Advanced glycation end products and diabetes and other metabolic indicators. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:104. [PMID: 35879776 PMCID: PMC9310394 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00873-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a global concern among adults. Previous studies have suggested an association between different screening methods and diabetes; however, increasing evidence has suggested the importance of early screening for diabetes mellitus (DM) and its influencing factors. In this study, we aimed to explore whether the non-invasive detection of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the early screening of DM in the Chinese community and whether body mass index (BMI) and metabolic indexes could moderate this relationship. METHODS Three community health service centers in Hefei that signed the medical consortium agreement with the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were selected to screen the population aged 30-90 years in each community using a multi-stage cluster sampling method from January 2018 to January 2019. Univariate analysis of variance was used to compare the differences in general data, biochemical indexes, skin AGEs levels, and blood glucose among groups. In addition, a multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS A total of 912 patients with a community health physical examination and no history of diabetes were selected, excluding those with missing values > 5%. Finally, 906 samples were included in the study with an effective rate of 99.3%. The prevalence in the normal, impaired glucose tolerance, and DM groups were 79.8%, 10.0%, and 10.2%, respectively. By dividing AGE by quartile, AGE accumulation was classified as ≤ P25, P25-P50, P50-P75, and > P75. Higher AGE accumulation (χ2 = 37.95), BMI (χ2 = 12.20), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (χ2 = 8.46), triglyceride (TG) (χ2 = 6.23), and older age (χ2 = 20.11) were more likely to have a higher prevalence of fasting blood glucose (FBG). The analyses revealed significant correlations between AGE accumulation, BMI, TG, total cholesterol (TC), and FBG (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION As the findings indicate, priority should be given to the quality of metabolic-related indicators, such as BMI, TG, and TC, employed to effectively reduce the FBG of Chinese participants with high AGE accumulation. Skin autofluorescence may prove to be a rapid and non-invasive method for assessing the metabolic progression of all glucose level layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fang Dai
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Honglin Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Qiu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
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Mahmud NM, Paraoan L, Khaliddin N, Kamalden TA. Thymoquinone in Ocular Neurodegeneration: Modulation of Pathological Mechanisms via Multiple Pathways. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:786926. [PMID: 35308121 PMCID: PMC8924063 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.786926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymoquinone is a naturally occurring compound and is the major component of Nigella sativa, also known as black seed or black cumin. For centuries thymoquinone has been used especially in the Middle East traditionally to treat wounds, asthma, allergies, fever, headache, cough, hypertension, and diabetes. Studies have suggested beneficial effects of thymoquinone to be attributed to its antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in thymoquinone as a treatment for neurodegeneration in the brain, such as that seen in Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s diseases (PD). In vitro and in vivo studies on animal models of AD and PD suggest the main neuroprotective mechanisms are based on the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties of thymoquinone. Neurodegenerative conditions of the eye, such as Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma share at least in part similar mechanisms of neuronal cell death with those occurring in AD and PD. This review aims to summarize and critically analyze the evidence to date of the effects and potential neuroprotective actions of thymoquinone in the eye and ocular neurodegenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Musfirah Mahmud
- UM Eye Research Centre, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Luminita Paraoan
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Nurliza Khaliddin
- UM Eye Research Centre, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tengku Ain Kamalden
- UM Eye Research Centre, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Tengku Ain Kamalden,
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Wang Z, Huang Y, Chu F, Liao K, Cui Z, Chen J, Tang S. Integrated Analysis of DNA methylation and transcriptome profile to identify key features of age-related macular degeneration. Bioengineered 2021; 12:7061-7078. [PMID: 34569899 PMCID: PMC8806579 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1976502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common vision-threatening disease. The current study sought to integrate DNA methylation with transcriptome profile to explore key features in AMD. Gene expression data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, accession ID: GSE135092) and DNA methylation data were obtained from the ArrayExpress repository (E-MTAB-7183). A total of 456 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 4827 intragenic differentially methylated CpGs (DMCs) were identified between AMD and controls. DEGs and DMCs were intersected and 19 epigenetically induced (EI) genes and 15 epigenetically suppressed (ES) genes were identified. Immune cell infiltration analysis was performed to estimate the abundance of different types of immune cell in each sample. Enrichment scores of inflammatory response and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) signaling via nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κb) were positively correlated with abundance of activated memory CD4 T cells and M1 macrophages. Subsequently, two significant random forest classifiers were constructed based on DNA methylation and transcriptome data. SMAD2 and NGFR were selected as key genes through functional epigenetic modules (FEM) analysis. Expression level of SMAD2, NGFR and their integrating proteins was validated in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and TNFα co-treated retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in vitro. The findings of the current study showed that local inflammation and systemic inflammatory host response play key roles in pathogenesis of AMD. SMAD2 and NGFR provide new insight in understanding the molecular mechanism and are potential therapeutic targets for development of AMD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Wang
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Yinhua Huang
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Feixue Chu
- Hangzhou Xihu Zhijiang Eye Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Liao
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, China
| | | | - Jiansu Chen
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shibo Tang
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, China.,Cas Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Identification of Novel Choroidal Neovascularization-Related Genes Using Laplacian Heat Diffusion Algorithm. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:2295412. [PMID: 34532497 PMCID: PMC8440095 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2295412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a type of eye disease that can cause vision loss. In recent years, many studies have attempted to investigate the major pathological processes and molecular pathogenic mechanisms of CNV. Because many diseases are related to genes, the genes associated with CNV need to be identified. In this study, we proposed a network-based approach for identifying novel CNV-associated genes. To execute such method, we first employed a protein-protein interaction network reported in STRING. Then, we applied a network diffusion algorithm, Laplacian heat diffusion, on this network by selecting validated CNV-related genes as the seed nodes. As a result, some novel genes that had unknown but strong relationships with validated genes were identified. Furthermore, we used a screening procedure to extract the most essential genes. Eleven latent CNV-related genes were finally obtained. Extensive analyses were performed to confirm that these genes are novel CNV-related genes.
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Jiang NX, Li XL. The Disorders of Endometrial Receptivity in PCOS and Its Mechanisms. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:2465-2476. [PMID: 34046867 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00629-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a mysterious and complicated endocrine disease with the combination of metabolic, reproductive, psychological dysfunctions. Impaired endometrial receptivity and ovulation disorders/anovulation are both important causes of PCOS-related infertility. However, change in endometrium has never received the same attention as ovulatory dysfunction. Besides, putting emphasis on endometrial function may be more realistic for PCOS-related infertility, given the wide use of assisted reproductive technology. The present review focuses on the disorders of endometrial receptivity of patients with PCOS, summarizes the changes of the indicators of endometrial receptivity including leukemia inhibitory factor, homeobox genes A, pinopodes, αvβ3-integrin, and intercellular junctions and also analyzes the possible mechanisms of decreased endometrial receptivity and its relationship with the main endocrine and metabolic disorders of PCOS such as hyperandrogenism, inflammation, insulin resistance, and obesity. Despite several biomarkers have been found to be associated with decreased endometrial receptivity in PCOS, the clinical relevance of these findings still awaits future clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Xing Jiang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Lian Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Evaluation of Relevance between Advanced Glycation End Products and Diabetic Retinopathy Stages Using Skin Autofluorescence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111100. [PMID: 33182320 PMCID: PMC7695256 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are thought to play important roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy, particularly in the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR). We assessed the levels of skin autofluorescence (sAF) to assess the association between AGEs and DR stages. A total of 394 eyes of 394 Japanese subjects (172 men, 222 women; mean age ± standard deviation [SD], 68.4 ± 13.7 years) comprised the study population, i.e., subjects with diabetes mellitus (DM) (n = 229) and non-diabetic controls (n = 165). The patients with DM were divided into those without DR (NDR, n = 101) and DR (n = 128). DR included simple (SDR, n = 36), pre-proliferative (PPDR, n = 25), and PDR (n = 67). Compared to controls (0.52 ± 0.12), the AGE scores were significantly higher in patients with DM (0.59 ± 0.17, p < 0.0001), NDR (0.58 ± 0.16, p = 0.0012), and DR (0.60 ± 0.18, p < 0.0001). The proportion of patients with PDR was significantly higher in the highest quartile of AGE scores than the other quartiles (p < 0.0001). Compared to those without PDR (SDR and PPDR), those with PDR were younger (p = 0.0006), more were pseudophakic (p < 0.0001), had worse visual acuity (VA) (p < 0.0001), had higher intraocular pressure (IOP) (p < 0.0001), and had higher AGE scores (p = 0.0016). Multivariate models also suggested that younger age, male gender, pseudophakia, worse VA, higher IOP, and higher AGE scores were risk factors for PDR. The results suggested that AGE scores were higher in patients with DM and were independently associated with progression of DR. In addition, more PDR was seen in the highest quartile of AGE scores. This study highlights the clinical use of the AGE score as a non-invasive, reliable marker to identity patients at risk of sight-threatening DR.
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12
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Arderiu G, Lambert C, Ballesta C, Moscatiello F, Vilahur G, Badimon L. Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Differential Transcriptomic Profile of the Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue and Their Resident Stem Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102235. [PMID: 33022994 PMCID: PMC7600037 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The increase in the incidence of obesity and obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) over the last decades has brought attention on adipose tissue (AT) pathobiology. The expansion of AT is associated with the development of new vasculature needed to perfuse the tissue; however, not all fat depots have the same ability to induce angiogenesis that requires recruitment of their own endothelial cells. In this study we have investigated the effect of different CVRFs, on the angiogenic capacity of the subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue and on the function of their mesenchymal cell reservoir. Methods: A transcriptomic approach was used to compare the different angiogenic and inflammatory profiles of the subcutaneous and visceral fat depots from individuals with obesity, as well as their resident stem cells (ASCs). Influence of other risk factors on fat composition was also measured. Finally, the microvesicles (MVs) released by ASCs were isolated and their regenerative potential analyzed by molecular and cellular methodologies. Results: Obesity decreases the angiogenic capacity of AT. There are differences between SAT and VAT; from the 21 angiogenic-related genes analyzed, only three were decreased in SAT compared with those decreased in VAT. ASCs isolated from both fat depots showed significant differences; there was a significant up-regulation of the VEGF-pathway on visceral derived ASCs. ASCs release MVs that stimulate endothelial cell migration and angiogenic capacity. Conclusions: In patients with obesity, SAT expresses a greater number of angiogenic molecules than VAT, independent of the presence of other CVRFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Arderiu
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, IR-Hospital Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (C.L.); (G.V.)
- Ciber CV, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.A.); (L.B.); Tel.: +34-935565880 (G.A. & L.B.); Fax: +34-935565559 (G.A. & L.B.)
| | - Carmen Lambert
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, IR-Hospital Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (C.L.); (G.V.)
| | - Carlos Ballesta
- Centro Médico Teknon, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (C.B.); (F.M.)
| | | | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, IR-Hospital Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (C.L.); (G.V.)
- Ciber CV, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, IR-Hospital Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (C.L.); (G.V.)
- Ciber CV, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Research Chair UAB, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.A.); (L.B.); Tel.: +34-935565880 (G.A. & L.B.); Fax: +34-935565559 (G.A. & L.B.)
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13
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Li J, An Y, Wang JN, Yin XP, Zhou H, Wang YS. Curcumin targets vascular endothelial growth factor via activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and improves brain hypoxic-ischemic injury in neonatal rats. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 24:423-431. [PMID: 32830149 PMCID: PMC7445479 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.5.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of curcumin on brain hypoxic-ischemic (HI) damage in neonatal rats and whether the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway is involved. Brain HI damage models were established in neonatal rats, which received the following treatments: curcumin by intraperitoneal injection before injury, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) by subcutaneous injection after injury, and VEGF by intracerebroventricular injection after injury. This was followed by neurological evaluation, hemodynamic measurements, histopathological assessment, TUNEL assay, flow cytometry, and western blotting to assess the expression of p-PI3K, PI3K, p-Akt, Akt, and VEGF. Compared with rats that underwent sham operation, rats with brain HI damage showed remarkably increased neurological deficits, reduced right blood flow volume, elevated blood viscosity and haematocrit, and aggravated cell damage and apoptosis; these injuries were significantly improved by curcumin pretreatment. Meanwhile, brain HI damage induced the overexpression of p-PI3K, p-Akt, and VEGF, while curcumin pretreatment inhibited the expression of these proteins. In addition, IGF-1 treatment rescued the curcumin-induced down-regulated expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt, and VEGF, and VEGF overexpression counteracted the inhibitory effect of curcumin on brain HI damage. Overall, pretreatment with curcumin protected against brain HI damage by targeting VEGF via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in neonatal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Baoding, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yan An
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jia-Ning Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Yin
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Wang
- Department of MR Room, Qingyuan District People''s Hospital, Baoding 071000, China
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Zhang P, Lu B, Xu F, Wang C, Zhang R, Liu Y, Wei C, Mei L. Analysis of Long Noncoding RNAs in Choroid Neovascularization. Curr Eye Res 2020; 45:1403-1414. [PMID: 32316788 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1748659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the major pathological features of wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Long noncoding RNAs play great roles in numerous biological processes. The purpose of the study was to investigate the expression profile and possible functions of the lncRNAs in CNV. Methods: In this study, the mice CNV model were conducted by laser photocoagulation. The expression profiles of lncRNAs were accessed by microarray analysis. Selected altered lncRNAs of mice CNV and wet AMD patients were validated by RT-PCR. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and lncRNA-mRNA coexpression network were conducted to reveal the biological functions. Results: The results revealed that 128 lncRNAs were significantly altered in RPE-choroid-sclera complexes of CNV mice (P < .05, fold change > 2.0). GO analysis revealed that the altered target genes of the selected lncRNAs most enriched in angiogenesis. KEGG pathway analysis demonstrated that altered target genes of lncRNAs most enriched in focal adhesion signaling pathway. H19 was significantly increased in the aqueous humor of wet AMD patients. Moreover, Inhibition of lncRNA H19 could suppresses M2 macrophage gene expression of laser-induced CNV mice. Conclusions: Our study identified differential expressions of lncRNAs in CNV, and lncRNA H19 might be novel potential target for the prevention and treatment of CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College) , Wuhu, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College , Wuhu, China
| | - Bing Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Fengyuan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College) , Wuhu, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College) , Wuhu, China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College) , Wuhu, China
| | - Yinping Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College) , Wuhu, China
| | - Chenghua Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College) , Wuhu, China
| | - Lixin Mei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College) , Wuhu, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College , Wuhu, China
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15
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Liang H. Advanced glycation end products induce proliferation, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human SW480 colon cancer cells through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3215-3222. [PMID: 32218866 PMCID: PMC7068709 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the mechanism by which advanced glycation end products (AGEs) induce proliferation, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human colon cancer SW480 cells. SW480 cells were divided into groups as follows: i) Control; ii) cells treated with AGEs alone; and iii) cells treated with AGEs combined with LY294002. Proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, invasion and migration of SW480 cells were assessed using an MTT assay, flow cytometry, Transwell assays and a wound healing assay, respectively. The protein expression levels of PI3K, AKT and epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) were examined by western blot analysis in SW480 cells treated with various concentrations of AGEs. Proliferation, invasion and migration were enhanced, cell cycle progression was increased and apoptosis was decreased in SW480 cells treated with AGEs compared with the control. The PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, reversed the effects of AGEs. Western blot analysis data demonstrated that AGEs increased the protein expression levels of PI3K and AKT, and decreased the expression of E-cadherin. The results suggested that AGEs exert a positive effect on the proliferation, invasion and EMT in SW480 cells through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huasheng Liang
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Beihai People's Hospital, Beihai, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 536000, P.R. China
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16
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Lipecz A, Miller L, Kovacs I, Czakó C, Csipo T, Baffi J, Csiszar A, Tarantini S, Ungvari Z, Yabluchanskiy A, Conley S. Microvascular contributions to age-related macular degeneration (AMD): from mechanisms of choriocapillaris aging to novel interventions. GeroScience 2019; 41:813-845. [PMID: 31797238 PMCID: PMC6925092 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging of the microcirculatory network plays a central role in the pathogenesis of a wide range of age-related diseases, from heart failure to Alzheimer's disease. In the eye, changes in the choroid and choroidal microcirculation (choriocapillaris) also occur with age, and these changes can play a critical role in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In order to develop novel treatments for amelioration of choriocapillaris aging and prevention of AMD, it is essential to understand the cellular and functional changes that occur in the choroid and choriocapillaris during aging. In this review, recent advances in in vivo analysis of choroidal structure and function in AMD patients and patients at risk for AMD are discussed. The pathophysiological roles of fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms of aging including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired resistance to molecular stressors in the choriocapillaris are also considered in terms of their contribution to the pathogenesis of AMD. The pathogenic roles of cardiovascular risk factors that exacerbate microvascular aging processes, such as smoking, hypertension, and obesity as they relate to AMD and choroid and choriocapillaris changes in patients with these cardiovascular risk factors, are also discussed. Finally, future directions and opportunities to develop novel interventions to prevent/delay AMD by targeting fundamental cellular and molecular aging processes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Lipecz
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Josa Andras Hospital, Nyiregyhaza, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lauren Miller
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd. BMSB553, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Illes Kovacs
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Cecília Czakó
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamas Csipo
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Baffi
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Shannon Conley
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd. BMSB553, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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17
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Zhou X, Rao Y, Sun Q, Liu Y, Chen J, Bu W. Long noncoding RNA CPS1-IT1 suppresses melanoma cell metastasis through inhibiting Cyr61 via competitively binding to BRG1. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:22017-22027. [PMID: 31111478 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA CPS1-IT1 is recently recognized as a tumor suppressor in several cancers. Here, we investigate the role of CPS1-IT1 in human melanoma. Presently, our study reveals the low expression of CPS1-IT1 in human melanoma tissues and cell lines, which is significantly associated with metastasis and tumor stage. Besides, the potential of CPS1-IT1 as a prognosis-predictor is strongly indicated. Functionally, CPS1-IT1 overexpression inhibits cell migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis in melanoma cells. CYR61, an angiogenic factor that participates in tumor metastasis as well as a recognized oncogene in melanoma, is shown to be confined under CPS1-IT1 overexpression in melanoma cells. Furthermore, enforced expression of Cyr61 in CPS1-IT1-silenced melanoma cells dramatically normalized the protein level of Cyr61 and that of its downstream targets vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9, as well as the repressive effect of CPS1-IT1 overexpression on melanoma cell metastasis. BRG1, a core component of SWI/SNF complex, is implied to interact with both CPS1-IT1 and Cyr61 in melanoma cells. Moreover, CPS1-IT1 negatively regulates Cyr61 expression by blocking the binding of BRG1 to Cyr61 promoter. Jointly, CPS1-IT1 controls melanoma metastasis through impairing Cyr61 expression via competitively binding with BRG1, uncovering a novel potential therapeutic and prognostic biomarker for patients with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai JiaoTong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Yamin Rao
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai JiaoTong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Qilin Sun
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai JiaoTong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai JiaoTong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai JiaoTong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbo Bu
- Department of Dermatologic Surgery, Hospital of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
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18
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Mitochondrial absorption of short wavelength light drives primate blue retinal cones into glycolysis which may increase their pace of aging. Vis Neurosci 2019; 36:E007. [PMID: 31199213 DOI: 10.1017/s0952523819000063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Photoreceptors have high energy demands and densely packed mitochondria through which light passes before phototransduction. Old world primates including humans have three cone photoreceptor types mediating color vision with short (S blue), medium (M green), and long (L red) wavelength sensitivities. However, S-cones are enigmatic. They comprise <10% of the total cone population, their responses saturate early, and they are susceptible in aging and disease. Here, we show that primate S-cones actually have few mitochondria and are fueled by glycolysis, not by mitochondrial respiration. Glycolysis has a limited ability to sustain activity, potentially explaining early S-cone saturation. Mitochondria act as optical filters showing reduced light transmission at 400-450 nm where S-cones are most sensitive (420 nm). This absorbance is likely to arise in a mitochondrial porphyrin that absorbs strongly in the Soret band. Hence, reducing mitochondria will improve S-cone sensitivity but result in increased glycolysis as an alternative energy source, potentially increasing diabetic vulnerability due to restricted glucose access. Further, glycolysis carries a price resulting in premature functional decline as seen in aged S-cones. Soret band absorption may also impact on mitochondrial rich M and L cones by reducing sensitivity at the lower end of their spectral sensitivity range resulting in increased differentiation from S-cone responses. These data add to the list of unique characteristic of S-cones and may also explain aspects of their vulnerability.
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19
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Sun W, Gao Y, Ding Y, Cao Y, Chen J, Lv G, Lu J, Yu B, Peng M, Xu H, Sun Y. Catalpol ameliorates advanced glycation end product-induced dysfunction of glomerular endothelial cells via regulating nitric oxide synthesis by inducible nitric oxide synthase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1268-1283. [PMID: 30861639 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Catalpol (Cat.) is an iridoid glucoside extracted from the root of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. In this study, we investigated whether Cat. could protect the mouse glomerular endothelial cells against the deleterious effect induced by advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and explored potential mechanisms. We found that 10 μM Cat. showed a protective effect on dead cells stimulated by AGEs. Cat. significantly decreased the expression of p-NF-κBp65 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and increased the expression of phosphorylated-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p-eNOS; Ser1177), PI3K, p-Akt (Thr308), and total-Akt. Moreover, Cat. restored the integrity of glomerular endothelial barrier by increasing endothelial tight gap junction protein and ameliorated the endothelial hyperpermeability induced by AGEs via modulating the nitric oxide (NO) production. Additionally, Cat. attenuated the massive release of NO induced by AGEs, inhibiting the macrophage infiltration by modulating the NO production, accompanied by the decrease in the release of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 in vitro. Therefore, Cat. ameliorated AGEs-induced endothelial dysfunction via inhibiting the NF-κB/iNOS pathway and activating the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(9):1268-1283, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiang Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushi Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaohong Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Meilin Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
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20
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Perturbed Biochemical Pathways and Associated Oxidative Stress Lead to Vascular Dysfunctions in Diabetic Retinopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8458472. [PMID: 30962865 PMCID: PMC6431380 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8458472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a vascular insult that accompanies the hyperglycemic state. Retinal vasculature holds a pivotal role in maintaining the integrity of the retina, and any alteration to retinal vasculature affects retinal functions. The blood retinal barrier, a prerequisite to vision acuity, is most susceptible to damage during the progression of DR. This is a consequence of impaired biochemical pathways such as the polyol, advanced end glycation products (AGE), hexosamine, protein kinase C (PKC), and tissue renin-angiotensin system (RAS) pathways. Moreover, the role of histone modification and altered miRNA expression is also emerging as a major contributor. Epigenetic changes create a link between altered protein function and redox status of retinal cells, creating a state of metabolic memory. Although various biochemical pathways underlie the etiology of DR, the major insult to the retina is due to oxidative stress, a unifying factor of altered biochemical pathways. This review primarily focuses on the critical biochemical pathways altered in DR leading to vascular dysfunctions and discusses antioxidants as plausible treatment strategies.
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21
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Deng M, Chen SR, Chen H, Luo Y, Dong Y, Pan HL. Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling mediates opioid-induced presynaptic NMDA receptor activation and analgesic tolerance. J Neurochem 2018; 148:275-290. [PMID: 30444263 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Opioid-induced hyperalgesia and analgesic tolerance can lead to dose escalation and inadequate pain treatment with μ-opioid receptor agonists. Opioids cause tonic activation of glutamate NMDA receptors (NMDARs) at primary afferent terminals, increasing nociceptive input. However, the signaling mechanisms responsible for opioid-induced activation of pre-synaptic NMDARs in the spinal dorsal horn remain unclear. In this study, we determined the role of MAPK signaling in opioid-induced pre-synaptic NMDAR activation caused by chronic morphine administration. Whole-cell recordings of excitatory post-synaptic currents (EPSCs) were performed on dorsal horn neurons in rat spinal cord slices. Chronic morphine administration markedly increased the frequency of miniature EPSCs, increased the amplitude of monosynaptic EPSCs evoked from the dorsal root, and reduced the paired-pulse ratio of evoked EPSCs. These changes were fully reversed by an NMDAR antagonist and normalized by inhibiting extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38, or c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Furthermore, intrathecal injection of a selective ERK1/2, p38, or JNK inhibitor blocked pain hypersensitivity induced by chronic morphine treatment. These inhibitors also similarly attenuated a reduction in morphine's analgesic effect in rats. In addition, co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed that NMDARs formed a protein complex with ERK1/2, p38, and JNK in the spinal cord and that chronic morphine treatment increased physical interactions of NMDARs with these three MAPKs. Our findings suggest that opioid-induced hyperalgesia and analgesic tolerance are mediated by tonic activation of pre-synaptic NMDARs via three functionally interrelated MAPKs at the spinal cord level. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichun Deng
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shao-Rui Chen
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yi Luo
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yingchun Dong
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui-Lin Pan
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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22
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Sahajpal NS, Goel RK, Chaubey A, Aurora R, Jain SK. Pathological Perturbations in Diabetic Retinopathy: Hyperglycemia, AGEs, Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Pathways. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2018; 20:92-110. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203719666180928123449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains the leading cause of blindness in working-aged adults
around the world. The proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and diabetic macular edema (DME) are
the severe vision threatening stages of the disorder. Although, a huge body of research exists in elaborating
the pathological mechanisms that lead to the development of DR, the certainty and the correlation
amongst these pathways remain ambiguous. The complexity of DR lies in the multifactorial pathological
perturbations that are instrumental in both the disease development and its progression. Therefore, a holistic
perspective with an understanding of these pathways and their correlation may explain the pathogenesis
of DR as a unifying mechanism. Hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways
are the crucial components that are implicated in the pathogenesis of DR. Of these, hyperglycemia appears
to be the initiating central component around which other pathological processes operate. Thus,
this review discusses the role of hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathogenesis of
DR, and highlights the cross-talk amongst these pathways in an attempt to understand the complex interplay
of these mechanisms. Further, an effort has been made to identify the knowledge gap and the key
players in each pathway that may serve as potential therapeutic drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Shri Sahajpal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Alka Chaubey
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina, SC, United States
| | - Rohan Aurora
- The International School Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Subheet Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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23
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Wu AD, Wan LP, Qin YQ. Clinicopathologic significance of Cyr61 and NF-κB p65 expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2018; 26:1056-1063. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v26.i17.1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the expression of cysteine rich 61 (Cyr61) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 in colorectal adenocarcinoma, and to explore their relationship with clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis.
METHODS Ninety-two cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma treated at Hubei Huanggang Central Hospital from May 2010 to December 2012 were collected. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expression of Cyr61 and NF-κB p65 in colorectal cancer and tumor adjacent tissues. The correlation between the expression of Cyr61 and NF-κB p65 and clinicopathological features and prognosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma was analyzed.
RESULTS Both immunohistochemical staining and Western blot showed that the expression of Cyr61 and NF-κB p65 proteins in colorectal cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in tumor adjacent tissues (t = 24.866, P <0.001; t = 45.508, P <0.001). The expression of Cyr61 and NF-κB p65 in colorectal cancer tissue was significantly correlated (χ2 = 14.087, P < 0.001). The expression of Cyr61 in colorectal cancer tissues was significantly correlated with tumor diameter, depth of invasion, vascular invasion, and TNM stage (P < 0.05). The expression of NF-κB p65 in colorectal cancer tissues was significantly correlated with tumor diameter, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage (P < 0.05). The 5-year overall survival rates of patients with high expression of Cyr61 or NF-κB p65 were 41.30% and 45.65%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of patients with low expression of Cyr61 or NF-κB p65 (76.09% and 71.74%, respectively; HR = 0.341, 95%CI: 0.179-0.649, P = 0.001; HR = 0.465, 95%CI: 0.245-0.881, P = 0.019).
CONCLUSION Cyr61 and NF-κB p65 proteins are highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissues, and high expression of Cyr61 and NF-κB p65 proteins is significantly associated with clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Ding Wu
- Hubei Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang 4380002, Hubei Province, China
| | - Li-Peng Wan
- Hubei Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang 4380002, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yan-Qiong Qin
- Liyuan Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan 430077, Hubei Province, China
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24
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Sadhukhan P, Saha S, Dutta S, Sil PC. Mangiferin Ameliorates Cisplatin Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Upregulating Nrf-2 via the Activation of PI3K and Exhibits Synergistic Anticancer Activity With Cisplatin. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:638. [PMID: 29967581 PMCID: PMC6015878 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Occurrence of oxidative stress is the principal cause of acute kidney injury induced by cisplatin. Mangiferin, a naturally occurring antioxidant molecule, is found to ameliorate several oxidative stress mediated pathophysiological conditions including cancer. Cisplatin induced cytotoxicity was measured in NKE cells by MTT assay and microscopic analysis. Induction of oxidative stress and regulation of proapoptotic molecules were subsequently investigated by using different spectrophotometric analyses, FACS and immunocytochemistry. Induction of nephrotoxicity was determined by analyzing different serum biomarkers and histological parameters in vivo using swiss albino mice. Activation of NF-κB mediated pro-inflammatory and caspase dependent signaling cascades were investigated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting. Mangiferin was found to ameliorate cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in vitro and in vivo by attenuating the induction of oxidative stress and upregulating Nrf-2 mediated pro-survival signaling cascades via the activation of PI3K. Additionally, mangiferin showed synergistic anticancer activity with cisplatin in cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and SKRC-45) and EAC cell induced solid tumor bearing experimental mice. The ameliorative effect of mangiferin is primarily attributed to its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It acts differentially in normal tissue cells and tumor cells by modulating different cell survival regulatory signaling molecules. For the first time, the study reveals a mechanistic basis of mangiferin action against cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity. Since Mangiferin shows synergistic anticancer activity with cisplatin, it can be considered as a promising drug candidate, to be used in combination with cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sukanya Saha
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Sayanta Dutta
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Parames C Sil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
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