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Ghopry SA, Sadeghi SM, Berrie CL, Wu JZ. MoS2 Nanodonuts for High-Sensitivity Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:bios11120477. [PMID: 34940234 PMCID: PMC8699280 DOI: 10.3390/bios11120477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanohybrids of graphene and two-dimensional (2D) layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) nanostructures can provide a promising substrate for extraordinary surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) due to the combined electromagnetic enhancement on TMD nanostructures via localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR) and chemical enhancement on graphene. In these nanohybrid SERS substrates, the LSPR on TMD nanostructures is affected by the TMD morphology. Herein, we report the first successful growth of MoS2 nanodonuts (N-donuts) on graphene using a vapor transport process on graphene. Using Rhodamine 6G (R6G) as a probe, SERS spectra were compared on MoS2 N-donuts/graphene nanohybrids substrates. A remarkably high R6G SERS sensitivity up to 2 × 10−12 M has been obtained, which can be attributed to the more robust LSPR effect than in other TMD nanostructures such as nanodiscs as suggested by the finite-difference time-domain simulation. This result demonstrates that non-metallic TMD/graphene nanohybrids substrates can have SERS sensitivity up to one order of magnitude higher than that reported on the plasmonic metal nanostructures/2D materials SERS substrates, providing a promising scheme for high-sensitivity, low-cost applications for biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Ali Ghopry
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Department of Physics, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.A.G.); (J.Z.W.)
| | - Seyed M. Sadeghi
- Department of Physics, The University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA;
| | - Cindy L. Berrie
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA;
| | - Judy Z. Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Correspondence: (S.A.G.); (J.Z.W.)
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Luo X, Zhu J, Jia W, Fang N, Wu P, Cai C, Zhu JJ. Boosting Long-Range Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering on Plasmonic Nanohole Arrays for Ultrasensitive Detection of MiRNA. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:18301-18313. [PMID: 33821612 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental challenge, particularly, in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) analysis is the detection of analytes that are distant from the sensing surface. To tackle this challenge, we herein report a long-range SERS (LR-SERS) substrate supporting an extension of electric field afforded by long-range surface plasmon resonance (LRSPR) excited in symmetrical dielectric environments. The LR-SERS substrate has a sandwich configuration with a triangle-shaped gold nanohole array embedded between two dielectrics with similar refractive indices (i.e., MgF2 and water). The finite-difference time-domain simulation was applied to guide the design of the LR-SERS substrate, which was engineered to have a wavelength-matched LRSPR with 785 nm excitation. The simulations predict that the LR-SERS substrate exhibits great SERS enhancement at distances of more than 10 nm beyond its top surface, and the enhancement factor (EF) has been improved by three orders of magnitude on LR-SERS substrates compared to that on conventional substrates. The experimental results show good agreement with the simulations, an EF of 4.1 × 105 remains available at 22 nm above the LR-SERS substrate surface. The LR-SERS substrate was further applied as a sensing platform to detect microRNA (miRNA) let-7a coupled with a hybridization chain reaction (HCR) strategy. The developed sensor displays a wide linear range from 10 aM to 1 nM and an ultralow detection limit of 8.5 aM, making it the most sensitive among the current detection strategies for miRNAs based on the SERS-HCR combination to the best of our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jingtian Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wenyu Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ningning Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ping Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Chenxin Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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Wang X, Ma X, Shi E, Lu P, Dou L, Zhang X, Wang H. Large-Scale Plasmonic Hybrid Framework with Built-In Nanohole Array as Multifunctional Optical Sensing Platforms. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1906459. [PMID: 32072751 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201906459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Light coupling with patterned subwavelength hole arrays induces enhanced transmission supported by the strong surface plasmon mode. In this work, a nanostructured plasmonic framework with vertically built-in nanohole arrays at deep-subwavelength scale (6 nm) is demonstrated using a two-step fabrication method. The nanohole arrays are formed first by the growth of a high-quality two-phase (i.e., Au-TiN) vertically aligned nanocomposite template, followed by selective wet-etching of the metal (Au). Such a plasmonic nanohole film owns high epitaxial quality with large surface coverage and the structure can be tailored as either fully etched or half-way etched nanoholes via careful control of the etching process. The chemically inert and plasmonic TiN plays a role in maintaining sharp hole boundary and preventing lattice distortion. Optical properties such as enhanced transmittance and anisotropic dielectric function in the visible regime are demonstrated. Numerical simulation suggests an extended surface plasmon mode and strong field enhancement at the hole edges. Two demonstrations, including the enhanced and modulated photoluminescence by surface coupling with 2D perovskite nanoplates and the refractive index sensing by infiltrating immersion liquids, suggest the great potential of such plasmonic nanohole array for reusable surface plasmon-enhanced sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Xuedan Ma
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Enzheng Shi
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ping Lu
- Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | - Letian Dou
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Xinghang Zhang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
- School of Electrical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
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Prakash G, Srivastava RK, Gupta SN, Sood AK. Plasmon-induced efficient hot carrier generation in graphene on gold ultrathin film with periodic array of holes: Ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:234712. [PMID: 31864269 DOI: 10.1063/1.5117882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using ultrafast pump-probe reflectivity with a 3.1 eV pump and coherent white light probe (1.1-2.6 eV), we show that graphene on gold nanostructures exhibits a strong coupling to the plasmonic resonances of the ordered lattice hole array, thus injecting a high density of hot carriers in graphene through plasmons. The system being studied is single-layer graphene on an ultrathin film of gold with periodic arrangements of holes showing anomalous transmission. A comparison is made with gold film with and without hole array. By selectively probing transient carrier dynamics in the spectral regions corresponding to plasmonic resonances, we show efficient plasmon induced hot carrier generation in graphene. We also show that due to high electromagnetic field intensities at the edge of the submicron holes, fast decay time (10-100 fs), and short decay length (1 nm) of plasmons, a highly confined density of hot carriers (very close to the edge of the holes) is generated by Landau damping of plasmons within the holey gold film. A contribution to transient decay dynamics due to the diffusion of the initial nonuniform distribution of hot carriers away from the hole edges is observed. Our results are important for future applications of novel hot carrier device concepts where hot carriers with tunable energy can be generated in different graphene regions connected seamlessly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyan Prakash
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | | | | | - A K Sood
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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Sahu SP, Mahigir A, Chidester B, Veronis G, Gartia MR. Ultrasensitive Three-Dimensional Orientation Imaging of Single Molecules on Plasmonic Nanohole Arrays Using Second Harmonic Generation. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:6192-6202. [PMID: 31387355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, fluorescence-based super-resolution techniques such as stimulated emission depletion (STED) and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) have been developed to achieve near molecular-scale resolution. However, such a super-resolution technique for nonlinear label-free microscopy based on second harmonic generation (SHG) is lacking. Since SHG is label-free and does not involve real-energy level transitions, fluorescence-based super-resolution techniques such as STED cannot be applied to improve the resolution. In addition, due to the coherent and non-isotropic emission nature of SHG, single-molecule localization techniques based on isotropic emission of fluorescent molecule such as STORM will not be appropriate. Single molecule SHG microscopy is largely hindered due to the very weak nonlinear optical scattering cross sections of SHG scattering processes. Thus, enhancing SHG using plasmonic nanostructures and nanoantennas has recently gained much attention owing to the potential of various nanoscale geometries to tightly confine electromagnetic fields into small volumes. This confinement provides substantial enhancement of electromagnetic field in nanoscale regions of interest, which can significantly boost the nonlinear signal produced by molecules located in the plasmonic hotspots. However, to date, plasmon-enhanced SHG has been primarily applied for the measurement of bulk properties of the materials/molecules, and single molecule SHG imaging along with its orientation information has not been realized yet. Herein, we achieved simultaneous visualization and three-dimensional (3D) orientation imaging of individual rhodamine 6G (R6G) molecules in the presence of plasmonic silver nanohole arrays. SHG and two-photon fluorescence microscopy experiments together with finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations revealed a ∼106-fold nonlinear enhancement factor at the hot spots on the plasmonic silver nanohole substrate, enabling detection of single molecules using SHG. The position and 3D orientation of R6G molecules were determined using the template matching algorithm by comparing the experimental data with the calculated dipole emission images. These findings could enable SHG-based single molecule detection and orientation imaging of molecules which could lead to a wide range of applications from nanophotonics to super-resolution SHG imaging of biological cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushant P Sahu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States
| | - Amirreza Mahigir
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States
- Center for Computation and Technology , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States
| | - Benjamin Chidester
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Computer Science , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Georgios Veronis
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States
- Center for Computation and Technology , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States
| | - Manas Ranjan Gartia
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States
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Plasmonics for Biosensing. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12091411. [PMID: 31052240 PMCID: PMC6539671 DOI: 10.3390/ma12091411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Techniques based on plasmonic resonance can provide label-free, signal enhanced, and real-time sensing means for bioparticles and bioprocesses at the molecular level. With the development in nanofabrication and material science, plasmonics based on synthesized nanoparticles and manufactured nano-patterns in thin films have been prosperously explored. In this short review, resonance modes, materials, and hybrid functions by simultaneously using electrical conductivity for plasmonic biosensing techniques are exclusively reviewed for designs containing nanovoids in thin films. This type of plasmonic biosensors provide prominent potential to achieve integrated lab-on-a-chip which is capable of transporting and detecting minute of multiple bio-analytes with extremely high sensitivity, selectivity, multi-channel and dynamic monitoring for the next generation of point-of-care devices.
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Son T, Lee D, Lee C, Moon G, Ha GE, Lee H, Kwak H, Cheong E, Kim D. Superlocalized Three-Dimensional Live Imaging of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Neurons Using Plasmonic Nanohole Arrays. ACS NANO 2019; 13:3063-3074. [PMID: 30802028 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the transport of neuronal mitochondria using superlocalized near-fields with plasmonic nanohole arrays (PNAs). Compared to traditional imaging techniques, PNAs create a massive array of superlocalized light beams and allow 3D mitochondrial dynamics to be sampled and extracted almost in real time. In this work, mitochondrial fluorescence excited by the PNAs was captured by an optical microscope using dual objective lenses, which produced superlocalized dynamics while minimizing light scattering by the plasmonic substrate. It was found that mitochondria move with an average velocity 0.33 ± 0.26 μm/s, a significant part of which, by almost 50%, was contributed by the movement along the depth axis ( z-axis). Mitochondrial positions were acquired with superlocalized precision (σ x = 5.7 nm and σ y = 11.8 nm) in the lateral plane and σ z = 78.7 nm in the z-axis, which presents an enhancement by 12.7-fold in resolution compared to confocal fluorescence microscopy. The approach is expected to serve as a way to provide 3D information on molecular dynamics in real time.
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Review on Fabrication of Graphene Nanoholes. E-JOURNAL OF SURFACE SCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2019.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kim SJ, Seong M, Yun HW, Ahn J, Lee H, Oh SJ, Hong SH. Chemically Engineered Au-Ag Plasmonic Nanostructures to Realize Large Area and Flexible Metamaterials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:25652-25659. [PMID: 29979023 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We developed a simple and systematic method to fabricate optically tunable and thermally and chemically stable Au-Ag nanocrystal-based plasmonic metamaterials. An Ag nanocrystal-based metamaterial with desirable optical properties was fabricated via nanoimprinting and ligand-exchange process. Its optical properties were controlled by selectively substituting Ag atoms with Au atoms through a spontaneous galvanic replacement reaction. The developed Au-Ag-based metamaterials provide excellent tunable plasmonic properties required for various applications in the visible and near-infrared regions by controlling the Au-Ag composition according to the conditions of the galvanic displacement. Furthermore, their thermal and chemical stabilities significantly improved because of the protective Au thin layer on the surface. Using this developed process, chemically and thermally stable and flexible plasmonic metamaterials were successfully fabricated on a flexible polyester terephthalate substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Korea University , Anam-dong 5-1, Sungbuk-Ku, Seoul 136-701 , Republic of Korea
| | - Mingi Seong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Korea University , Anam-dong 5-1, Sungbuk-Ku, Seoul 136-701 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Won Yun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Korea University , Anam-dong 5-1, Sungbuk-Ku, Seoul 136-701 , Republic of Korea
- ICT Materials & Components Research Laboratory , ETRI , Daejeon 305-700 , Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyuk Ahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Korea University , Anam-dong 5-1, Sungbuk-Ku, Seoul 136-701 , Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Korea University , Anam-dong 5-1, Sungbuk-Ku, Seoul 136-701 , Republic of Korea
| | - Soong Ju Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Korea University , Anam-dong 5-1, Sungbuk-Ku, Seoul 136-701 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Hong
- ICT Materials & Components Research Laboratory , ETRI , Daejeon 305-700 , Republic of Korea
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