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Streeter MJV, Colgan C, Carderelli J, Ma Y, Cavanagh N, Los EE, Ahmed H, Antoine AF, Audet T, Balcazar MD, Calvin L, Kettle B, Mangles SPD, Najmudin Z, Rajeev PP, Symes DR, Thomas AGR, Sarri G. Narrow bandwidth, low-emittance positron beams from a laser-wakefield accelerator. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6001. [PMID: 38472232 PMCID: PMC10933426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid progress that plasma wakefield accelerators are experiencing is now posing the question as to whether they could be included in the design of the next generation of high-energy electron-positron colliders. However, the typical structure of the accelerating wakefields presents challenging complications for positron acceleration. Despite seminal proof-of-principle experiments and theoretical proposals, experimental research in plasma-based acceleration of positrons is currently limited by the scarcity of positron beams suitable to seed a plasma accelerator. Here, we report on the first experimental demonstration of a laser-driven source of ultra-relativistic positrons with sufficient spectral and spatial quality to be injected in a plasma accelerator. Our results indicate, in agreement with numerical simulations, selection and transport of positron beamlets containingN e + ≥ 10 5 positrons in a 5% bandwidth around 600 MeV, with femtosecond-scale duration and micron-scale normalised emittance. Particle-in-cell simulations show that positron beams of this kind can be guided and accelerated in a laser-driven plasma accelerator, with favourable scalings to further increase overall charge and energy using PW-scale lasers. The results presented here demonstrate the possibility of performing experimental studies of positron acceleration in a laser-driven wakefield accelerator.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J V Streeter
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - C Colgan
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - J Carderelli
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA
| | - Y Ma
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA
| | - N Cavanagh
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - E E Los
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - H Ahmed
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - A F Antoine
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA
| | - T Audet
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - M D Balcazar
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA
| | - L Calvin
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - B Kettle
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - S P D Mangles
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Z Najmudin
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - P P Rajeev
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - D R Symes
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - A G R Thomas
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA
| | - G Sarri
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK.
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Zhou S, Hua J, An W, Mori WB, Joshi C, Gao J, Lu W. High Efficiency Uniform Wakefield Acceleration of a Positron Beam Using Stable Asymmetric Mode in a Hollow Channel Plasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:174801. [PMID: 34739290 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.174801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plasma wakefield acceleration in the blowout regime is particularly promising for high-energy acceleration of electron beams because of its potential to simultaneously provide large acceleration gradients and high energy transfer efficiency while maintaining excellent beam quality. However, no equivalent regime for positron acceleration in plasma wakes has been discovered to date. We show that after a short propagation distance, an asymmetric electron beam drives a stable wakefield in a hollow plasma channel that can be both accelerating and focusing for a positron beam. A high charge positron bunch placed at a suitable distance behind the drive bunch can beam-load or flatten the longitudinal wakefield and enhance the transverse focusing force, leading to high efficiency and narrow energy spread acceleration of the positrons. Three-dimensional quasistatic particle-in-cell simulations show that an over 30% energy extraction efficiency from the wake to the positrons and a 1% level energy spread can be simultaneously obtained. Further optimization is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zhou
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianfei Hua
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weiming An
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Warren B Mori
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Chan Joshi
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Jie Gao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Litos MD, Ariniello R, Doss CE, Hunt-Stone K, Cary JR. Beam emittance preservation using Gaussian density ramps in a beam-driven plasma wakefield accelerator. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20180181. [PMID: 31230570 PMCID: PMC6602910 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A current challenge that is facing the plasma wakefield accelerator (PWFA) community is transverse beam emittance preservation. This can be achieved by balancing the natural divergence of the beam against the strong focusing force provided by the PWFA plasma source in a scheme referred to as beam matching. One method to accomplish beam matching is through the gradual focusing of a beam with a plasma density ramp leading into the bulk plasma. Here, the beam dynamics in a Gaussian plasma density ramp are considered, and an empirical formula is identified that gives the ramp length and beam vacuum waist location needed to achieve near-perfect matching. The method uses only the beam vacuum waist beta function as an input. Numerical studies show that the Gaussian ramp focusing formula is robust for beta function demagnification factors spanning more than an order of magnitude with experimentally favourable tolerances for future PWFA research facilities. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. D. Litos
- Center for Integrated Plasma Studies, Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - R. Ariniello
- Center for Integrated Plasma Studies, Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - C. E. Doss
- Center for Integrated Plasma Studies, Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - K. Hunt-Stone
- Center for Integrated Plasma Studies, Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J. R. Cary
- Center for Integrated Plasma Studies, Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Tech-X, Boulder, CO, USA
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Alejo A, Walczak R, Sarri G. Laser-driven high-quality positron sources as possible injectors for plasma-based accelerators. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5279. [PMID: 30918287 PMCID: PMC6437300 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41650-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic constraints in the amplitude of the accelerating fields sustainable by radio-frequency accelerators demand for the pursuit of alternative and more compact acceleration schemes. Among these, plasma-based accelerators are arguably the most promising, thanks to the high-accelerating fields they can sustain, greatly exceeding the GeV/m. While plasma-based acceleration of electrons is now sufficiently mature for systematic studies in this direction, positron acceleration is still at its infancy, with limited projects currently undergoing to provide a viable test facility for further experiments. In this article, we study the feasibility of using a recently demonstrated laser-driven configuration as a relatively compact and inexpensive source of high-quality ultra-relativistic positrons for laser-driven and particle-driven plasma wakefield acceleration studies. Monte-Carlo simulations show that near-term high-intensity laser facilities can produce positron beams with high-current, femtosecond-scale duration, and sufficiently low normalised emittance at energies in the GeV range to be injected in further acceleration stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Alejo
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK.
| | - Roman Walczak
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3RH, UK
| | - Gianluca Sarri
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
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Measuring the magnetic axis alignment during solenoids working. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11426. [PMID: 30061573 PMCID: PMC6065376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A method for monitoring the misalignment of the magnetic axis in solenoids is proposed. This method requires only a few measurements of the magnetic field at fixed positions inside the magnet aperture, and thus overcomes the main drawback of sturdy moving mechanics of other Hall sensor-based methods. Conversely to state-of-the-art axis determination, the proposed method can be applied also during magnet operations, when the axis region and almost the whole remaining magnet aperture are not accessible. Moreover, only a few measurements of the magnetic field at fixed positions inside the magnet aperture are required: thus a slow process such as the mapping of the whole aperture of a magnet by means of moving stages is not necessary. The mathematical formulation of the method is explained, and a case study on a model of a multi–layer solenoid is presented. For this case study, the uncertainty is assessed and the optimal placement of the Hall transducers is derived.
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Lindstrøm CA, Adli E, Allen JM, An W, Beekman C, Clarke CI, Clayton CE, Corde S, Doche A, Frederico J, Gessner SJ, Green SZ, Hogan MJ, Joshi C, Litos M, Lu W, Marsh KA, Mori WB, O'Shea BD, Vafaei-Najafabadi N, Yakimenko V. Measurement of Transverse Wakefields Induced by a Misaligned Positron Bunch in a Hollow Channel Plasma Accelerator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:124802. [PMID: 29694092 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.124802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hollow channel plasma wakefield acceleration is a proposed method to provide high acceleration gradients for electrons and positrons alike: a key to future lepton colliders. However, beams which are misaligned from the channel axis induce strong transverse wakefields, deflecting beams and reducing the collider luminosity. This undesirable consequence sets a tight constraint on the alignment accuracy of the beam propagating through the channel. Direct measurements of beam misalignment-induced transverse wakefields are therefore essential for designing mitigation strategies. We present the first quantitative measurements of transverse wakefields in a hollow plasma channel, induced by an off-axis 20 GeV positron bunch, and measured with another 20 GeV lower charge trailing positron probe bunch. The measurements are largely consistent with theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Lindstrøm
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - E Adli
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - J M Allen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - W An
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C Beekman
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - C I Clarke
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C E Clayton
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - S Corde
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Doche
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - J Frederico
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S J Gessner
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Z Green
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M J Hogan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C Joshi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M Litos
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - W Lu
- IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - K A Marsh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W B Mori
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - B D O'Shea
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - N Vafaei-Najafabadi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - V Yakimenko
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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