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Yang F, Wen P, Tang L, Wang R, Wang Y, Li D, Xu Y, Chen L. A flexible surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy chip integrated with microlens. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 287:122129. [PMID: 36413826 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel flexible Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) chip integrated with microlens was proposed and designed, which consisted of PDMS film, planoconvex microlens, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) monolayer, and was of high signal collection efficiency. The flexible PDMS film integrated with microlens was designed by optical simulation, and fabricated by optimized micromachining process. AgNPs monolayer were uniformly assembled on the other side of the PDMS film through a liquid-liquid interface self-assembly method to form SERS chip. The prepared chip revealed excellent SERS performance with a Raman enhancement factor of about 107 and a signal variation of <11.5 %. The SERS chip was successfully utilized for in-situ detection of thiram residues on tomato skins, and its characteristic peaks could still be clearly distinguished when the concentration was down to 2.5 μM. It was shown that the proposed SERS chip was suitable for in-situ detection of a real sample on complex surface morphology and shown potential prospect in the fields of chemical and biomedical detections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Ping Wen
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Dazhou 635000, China
| | - Lianggui Tang
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Rongxiu Wang
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Yiyan Wang
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Dazhou 635000, China
| | - Dongling Li
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yi Xu
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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Wang HL, You EM, Panneerselvam R, Ding SY, Tian ZQ. Advances of surface-enhanced Raman and IR spectroscopies: from nano/microstructures to macro-optical design. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:161. [PMID: 34349103 PMCID: PMC8338991 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00599-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopy are powerful analytical techniques, but have intrinsically low detection sensitivity. There have been three major steps (i) to advance the optical system of the light excitation, collection, and detection since 1920s, (ii) to utilize nanostructure-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) since 1990s, and (iii) to rationally couple (i) and (ii) for maximizing the total detection sensitivity since 2010s. After surveying the history of SERS and SEIRA, we outline the principle of plasmonics and the different mechanisms of SERS and SEIRA. We describe various interactions of light with nano/microstructures, localized surface plasmon, surface plasmon polariton, and lightning-rod effect. Their coupling effects can significantly increase the surface sensitivity by designing nanoparticle-nanoparticle and nanoparticle-substrate configuration. As the nano/microstructures have specific optical near-field and far-field behaviors, we focus on how to systematically design the macro-optical systems to maximize the excitation efficiency and detection sensitivity. We enumerate the key optical designs in particular ATR-based operation modes of directional excitation and emission from visible to IR spectral region. We also present some latest advancements on scanning-probe microscopy-based nanoscale spectroscopy. Finally, prospects and further developments of this field are given with emphasis on emerging techniques and methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - En-Ming You
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | | | - Song-Yuan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
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Yang F, Wen P, Li G, Zhang Z, Ge C, Chen L. High-performance surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy chip integrated with a micro-optical system for the rapid detection of creatinine in serum. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:4795-4806. [PMID: 34513225 PMCID: PMC8407812 DOI: 10.1364/boe.434053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
To improve the sensitivity of disease biomarker detection, we proposed a high-performance surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) chip integrated with a micro-optical system (MOS). The MOS, which is based on the micro-reflecting cavity and the micro-lens, optimizes the optical matching characteristics of the SERS substrate and the Raman detection system, and greatly improves the SERS detection sensitivity by improving the collection efficiency of the Raman scattering signal. A uniform single layer of silver nanoparticles on a gold film was prepared as the SERS substrate using a liquid-liquid interface self-assembly method. The micro-reflecting cavity and micro-lens were prepared using micro-processing technology. The SERS chip was constructed based on the MOS and the Au film-based SERS substrate, and experimental results showed an EF of 1.46×108, which is about 22.4 times higher than that of the Si-based SERS substrate. The chip was used for the detection of creatinine and the detection limit of creatinine in aqueous solution was 1 µM while the detection limit in serum was 5 µM. In addition, SERS testing was conducted on serum samples from normal people and patients with chronic renal impairment. Principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis were used for modeling and identification, and the results showed a 90% accuracy of blind sample detection. These results demonstrate the value of this SERS chip for both research and practical applications in the fields of disease diagnosis and screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Dazhou 635000, China
| | - Ping Wen
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Dazhou 635000, China
| | - Gang Li
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zhisen Zhang
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000, China
| | - Chuang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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Nyamekye CKA, Bobbitt JM, Zhu Q, Smith EA. The evolution of total internal reflection Raman spectroscopy for the chemical characterization of thin films and interfaces. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:6009-6022. [PMID: 32173790 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02510-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Total internal reflection (TIR) optical spectroscopies have been widely used for decades as non-destructive and surface-sensitive measurements of thin films and interfaces. Under TIR conditions, an evanescent wave propagates into the sample layer within a region approximately 50 nm to 2 μm from the interface, which limits the spatial extent of the optical signal. The most common TIR optical spectroscopies are fluorescence (i.e., TIRF) and infrared spectroscopy (i.e., attenuated total reflection infrared). Despite the first report of TIR Raman spectroscopy appearing in 1973, this method has not received the same attention to date. While TIR Raman methods can provide chemical specific information, it has been outshined in many respects by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). TIR Raman spectroscopy, however, is garnering more interest for analyzing the chemical and physical properties of thin polymer films, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), multilayered systems, and adsorption at an interface. Herein, we discuss the early experimental and computational work that laid the foundation for recent developments in the use of TIR Raman techniques. Recent applications of TIR Raman spectroscopy as well as modern TIR Raman instruments capable of measuring monolayer-sensitive vibrational modes on smooth metallic surfaces are also discussed. The use of TIR Raman spectroscopy has been on a rise and will continue to push the limits for chemical specific interfacial and thin film measurements. Graphical abstract Total internal reflection (TIR) Raman spectroscopy can extract the chemical and physical information from thin films and adsorbates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles K A Nyamekye
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, 2415 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.,The Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Jonathan M Bobbitt
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, 2415 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.,The Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Qiaochu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, 2415 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Emily A Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, 2415 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA, 50011, USA. .,The Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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Damle VH, Sinwani M, Aviv H, Tischler YR. Microcavity Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Fullerene C 60 Bucky Balls. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:s20051470. [PMID: 32156069 PMCID: PMC7085650 DOI: 10.3390/s20051470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is a widely used characterization technique in material science. It is a non-destructive tool with relatively simple instrumentation, and provides intrinsic qualitative information of analytes by probing their vibrational modes. In many cases, Raman enhancement is essential for detecting low-intensity signals in high-noise environments, spectrally unresolved features, and hidden modes. Here we present optical and Raman spectroscopic characterization of fullerene C 60 in a gold microcavity. The fabrication of single-layered gold mirrors is facile, low cost and direct but was proven to give considerably significant enhancement. The findings of this work demonstrate the cavity resonance as a powerful tool in obtaining tunability over individual peak for selective enhancement in the tuned spectral range. The PL of the material within the cavity has demonstrated a red shift assumed to be caused by the low-energy transitions. These transitions are induced by virtual low-energy states generated by the cavity. We further observe that adopting this principle enables resolution of active Raman modes that until now were unobserved. Finally, we assigned the new experimentally observed modes to the corresponding motions calculated by DFT.
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Nyamekye CKA, Zhu Q, Mahmood R, Weibel SC, Hillier AC, Smith EA. Experimental analysis of waveguide-coupled surface-plasmon-polariton cone properties. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1048:123-131. [PMID: 30598142 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Experimental data for waveguide-coupled surface-plasmon-polariton (SPP) cones generated from dielectric waveguides is presented. The results demonstrate a simpler route to collect plasmon waveguide resonance (i.e., PWR) data. In the reverse-Kretschmann configuration (illumination from the sample side) and Kretschmann configuration (illumination from the prism side), all the waveguide modes are excited simultaneously with p- or s-polarized incident light, which permits rapid acquisition of PWR data without the need to scan the incident angle or wavelength, in the former configuration. The concentric SPP cone properties depend on the thickness and index of refraction of the waveguide. The angular intensity pattern of the cone is well-matched to simulation results in the reverse-Kretschmann configuration, and is found to be dependent on the polarization of the incident light and the polarization of the waveguide mode. In the Kretschmann geometry, all waveguide-coupled SPP cones are measured at incident angles that produce attenuated light reflectivity. In addition, the enhanced electric field produced under total internal reflection allows high signal-to-noise ratio multimodal spectroscopies (e.g., Raman scattering, luminescence) to measure the chemical content of the waveguide film, which traditionally is not measured with PWR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles K A Nyamekye
- U.S. Department of Energy, The Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA, 50011, United States; Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, United States
| | - Qiaochu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, United States
| | - Russell Mahmood
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, United States
| | | | - Andrew C Hillier
- U.S. Department of Energy, The Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA, 50011, United States; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, United States
| | - Emily A Smith
- U.S. Department of Energy, The Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA, 50011, United States; Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, United States.
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