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He F, Zhao W, Cao L, Liu Z, Sun L, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Qi T. The Ordered Mesoporous Barium Ferrite Compounded with Nitrogen-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide for Microwave Absorption Materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205644. [PMID: 37078836 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposites with hierarchical pore structure hold great potentials for applications in the field of microwave-absorbing materials because of their lightweight and high-efficiency absorption properties. Herein, M-type barium ferrite (BaM) with ordered mesoporous structure (M-BaM) is prepared via a sol-gel process enhanced by mixed anionic and cationic surfactants. The surface area of M-BaM is enhanced almost ten times compared with BaM together with 40% reflection loss enhancing. Then M-BaM compounded with nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (MBG) is synthesized via hydrothermal reaction in which the reduction and nitrogen doping of graphene oxide (GO) in situ occur simultaneously. Interestingly, the mesoporous structure is able to provide opportunity for reductant to enter the bulk M-BaM reducing its Fe3+ to Fe2+ and further forms Fe3 O4 . It requires an optimal balance among the remained mesopores in MBG, formed Fe3 O4 , and CN in nitrogen-doped graphene (N-RGO) for optimizing impedance matching and greatly increasing multiple reflections/interfacial polarization. MBG-2 (GO:M-BaM = 1:10) achieves the minimum reflection loss of -62.6 dB with an effective bandwidth of 4.2 GHz at an ultra-thin thickness of 1.4 mm. In addition, the marriage of mesoporous structure of M-BaM and light mass of graphene reduces the density of MBG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuling He
- School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lei Cao
- National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhifu Liu
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Linquan Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Tao Qi
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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Eyegheleme NL, Umashankar V, Miller DN, Kota AK, Boreyko JB. Oil-Water Separation using Synthetic Trees. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:2520-2528. [PMID: 36749622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Existing oil-water filtration techniques require gravity or a pump as the driving force for separation. Here, we demonstrate transpiration-powered oil-water filtration using a synthetic tree, which operates pumplessly and against gravity. From top to bottom, our synthetic tree was composed of: a nanoporous "leaf" to generate suction via evaporation, a vertical array of glass tubes serving as the tree's xylem conduits, and filters attached to the tube inlets to act as the oil-excluding roots. When placing the tree in an oil emulsion bath, filtrate samples were measured to be 97-98% pure water using gravimetry and refractometry. The spontaneous oil-water separation offered by synthetic trees could be useful for applications such as oil spill cleanup, wastewater purification, and oil extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ndidi L Eyegheleme
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Viverjita Umashankar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Danielle N Miller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Arun K Kota
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jonathan B Boreyko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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Particle-Based Imaging Tools Revealing Water Flows in Maize Nodal Vascular Plexus. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11121533. [PMID: 35736684 PMCID: PMC9228485 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In plants, water flows are the major driving force behind growth and play a crucial role in the life cycle. To study hydrodynamics, methods based on tracking small particles inside water flows attend a special place. Thanks to these tools, it is possible to obtain information about the dynamics of the spatial distribution of the flux characteristics. In this paper, using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we show that gadolinium chelate, used as an MRI contrast agent, marks the structural characteristics of the xylem bundles of maize stem nodes and internodes. Supplementing MRI data, the high-precision visualization of xylem vessels by laser scanning microscopy was used to reveal the structural and dimensional characteristics of the stem vascular system. In addition, we propose the concept of using prototype “Y-type xylem vascular connection” as a model of the elementary connection of vessels within the vascular system. A Reynolds number could match the microchannel model with the real xylem vessels.
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Cornish GA, Eyegheleme NL, Hudson LS, Troy KJ, Vollen MM, Boreyko JB. Transpiration-powered desalination water bottle. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:1287-1293. [PMID: 35048942 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01470f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by mangrove trees, we present a theoretical design and analysis of a portable desalinating water bottle powered by transpiration. The bottle includes an annular fin for absorbing solar heat, which is used to boost the evaporation rate of water from the interior synthetic leaf. This synthetic leaf comprises a nanoporous film deposited atop a supporting micromesh. Water evaporating from the leaf generates a highly negative Laplace pressure, which pulls the overlying source water across an upstream reverse osmosis membrane. Evaporated water is re-condensed in the bottom of the bottle for collection. The benefit of our hybrid approach to desalination is that reverse osmosis is spontaneously enabled by transpiration, while the thermal evaporation process is enhanced by heat localization and made more durable by pre-filtering the salt. We estimate that a 9.4 cm diameter bottle, with a 10 cm wide annular fin, could harvest about a liter of fresh water per day from ocean water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ndidi L Eyegheleme
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | | | | | - Maia M Vollen
- George Mason High School, Falls Church, VA 22046, USA
| | - Jonathan B Boreyko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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Bacchin P, Leng J, Salmon JB. Microfluidic Evaporation, Pervaporation, and Osmosis: From Passive Pumping to Solute Concentration. Chem Rev 2021; 122:6938-6985. [PMID: 34882390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Evaporation, pervaporation, and forward osmosis are processes leading to a mass transfer of solvent across an interface: gas/liquid for evaporation and solid/liquid (membrane) for pervaporation and osmosis. This Review provides comprehensive insight into the use of these processes at the microfluidic scales for applications ranging from passive pumping to the screening of phase diagrams and micromaterials engineering. Indeed, for a fixed interface relative to the microfluidic chip, these processes passively induce flows driven only by gradients of chemical potential. As a consequence, these passive-transport phenomena lead to an accumulation of solutes that cannot cross the interface and thus concentrate solutions in the microfluidic chip up to high concentration regimes, possibly up to solidification. The purpose of this Review is to provide a unified description of these processes and associated microfluidic applications to highlight the differences and similarities between these three passive-transport phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Bacchin
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Jacques Leng
- CNRS, Solvay, LOF, UMR 5258, Université de Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France
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Harris AF, Lacombe J, Liyanage S, Han MY, Wallace E, Karsunky S, Abidi N, Zenhausern F. Supercritical carbon dioxide decellularization of plant material to generate 3D biocompatible scaffolds. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3643. [PMID: 33574461 PMCID: PMC7878742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of plant-based biomaterials for tissue engineering has recently generated interest as plant decellularization produces biocompatible scaffolds which can be repopulated with human cells. The predominant approach for vegetal decellularization remains serial chemical processing. However, this technique is time-consuming and requires harsh compounds which damage the resulting scaffolds. The current study presents an alternative solution using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). Protocols testing various solvents were assessed and results found that scCO2 in combination with 2% peracetic acid decellularized plant material in less than 4 h, while preserving plant microarchitecture and branching vascular network. The biophysical and biochemical cues of the scCO2 decellularized spinach leaf scaffolds were then compared to chemically generated scaffolds. Data showed that the scaffolds had a similar Young's modulus, suggesting identical stiffness, and revealed that they contained the same elements, yet displayed disparate biochemical signatures as assessed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Finally, human fibroblast cells seeded on the spinach leaf surface were attached and alive after 14 days, demonstrating the biocompatibility of the scCO2 decellularized scaffolds. Thus, scCO2 was found to be an efficient method for plant material decellularization, scaffold structure preservation and recellularization with human cells, while performed in less time (36 h) than the standard chemical approach (170 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee F Harris
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, 475 North 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
- University of Arizona COM - Phoenix, Biomedical Sciences Partnership Building, 6th Floor, 475 North 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85258, USA.
| | - Jerome Lacombe
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, 475 North 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, 475 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
- University of Arizona COM - Phoenix, Biomedical Sciences Partnership Building, 6th Floor, 475 North 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85258, USA.
| | - Sumedha Liyanage
- Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Margaret Y Han
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, 475 North 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Emily Wallace
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, 475 North 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Sophia Karsunky
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Noureddine Abidi
- Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Frederic Zenhausern
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, 475 North 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, 475 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- University of Arizona COM - Phoenix, Biomedical Sciences Partnership Building, 6th Floor, 475 North 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85258, USA.
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Lee C, Kang S, Seo J, Lee J. Temperature-Responsive On-Off Control over Water Evaporation Achieved via Sweat-Gland-Mimetic Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:4442-4449. [PMID: 33428372 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Responsive cooling materials that mimic sweat glands have gained popularity because they are efficient and do not require artificial energy sources. Temperature-responsive hydrogels sweat above their volume transition temperature through the release of water and exhibit excellent cooling ability. However, thus far, practical applications have not been possible because the water in these materials cannot be preserved in cool environments. To address this issue, this paper presents a simple composite of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and polydimethylsiloxane that offers excellent on-off control over water evaporation and can be used repeatedly; the proposed composite features an evaporation rate of 2.97 g/h above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and 0.08 g/h below the LCST. This 35.7-fold change in the water evaporation rate is comparable to that in mammalian sweat glands. The responsive on-off control relies on the structures of the composite and the dry layers formed on the surface of the composite in cool environments. The proposed material effectively regulates water evaporation and offers a novel, low-cost cooling strategy suitable for numerous applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- CheongCheon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulki Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Seo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwi Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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Jung S, Song R, Kim J, Ko JH, Lee J. Controlling the Release of Amphiphilic Liposomes from Alginate Hydrogel Particles for Antifouling Paint. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:1515-1522. [PMID: 31968942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
As an alternative to the toxic antifouling paint that minimizes the adhesion force between organic molecules on large surfaces, a paint containing hydrogel particles encapsulating amphiphilic liposomes has been suggested. However, the release rate of liposomes, which is important for maximizing the antifouling performance, has not been adequately explored. We investigated the control of the release rate of liposomes encapsulated in alginate. Monodispersed alginate particles were generated using 3D-printed microfluidic devices, and their sizes were varied through the channel size, flow rate, and alginate concentration in the microfluidic devices ([Formula: see text]). The release rate of liposomes from the alginate particles was experimentally monitored under various conditions: alginate concentration, surrounding solution, and ambient fluid flow. The effects of chemical and mechanical stimuli on the effective diffusion coefficient (Deff) of amphiphilic liposomes were analyzed, and accordingly, the best production conditions for antifouling alginate particles are suggested. This study provides essential physical insights and is useful for optimizing the performance of eco-friendly antifouling paint that includes alginate particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejin Jung
- School of Mechanical Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ryungeun Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Maritime Robotics Test and Evaluation Unit , Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology , Pohang , Gyeongsangbuk-do 37553 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hwan Ko
- Mechanical Engineering , Jeju National University , 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si , Jeju Special Self-Government Province 63243 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkee Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , Republic of Korea
- Institute for Quantum Biophysics (IQB) , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , Republic of Korea
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Shi W, Dalrymple RM, McKenny CJ, Morrow DS, Rashed ZT, Surinach DA, Boreyko JB. Passive water ascent in a tall, scalable synthetic tree. Sci Rep 2020; 10:230. [PMID: 31937824 PMCID: PMC6959229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57109-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The transpiration cycle in trees is powered by a negative water potential generated within the leaves, which pumps water up a dense array of xylem conduits. Synthetic trees can mimic this transpiration cycle, but have been confined to pumping water across a single microcapillary or microfluidic channels. Here, we fabricated tall synthetic trees where water ascends up an array of large diameter conduits, to enable transpiration at the same macroscopic scale as natural trees. An array of 19 tubes of millimetric diameter were embedded inside of a nanoporous ceramic disk on one end, while their free end was submerged in a water reservoir. After saturating the synthetic tree by boiling it underwater, water can flow continuously up the tubes even when the ceramic disk was elevated over 3 m above the reservoir. A theory is developed to reveal two distinct modes of transpiration: an evaporation-limited regime and a flow-limited regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States
| | - Richard M Dalrymple
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States
| | - Collin J McKenny
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States
| | - David S Morrow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States
| | - Ziad T Rashed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States
| | - Daniel A Surinach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States
| | - Jonathan B Boreyko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States.
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