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Akaiwa M, Matsuda Y, Saito H, Shibata E, Sasaki T, Sugawara K. Effects of repetitive practice of motor tasks on somatosensory gating. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1131986. [PMID: 37063102 PMCID: PMC10090363 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1131986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionDuring voluntary muscle contraction, the amplitude of the somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) is reduced by inhibiting sensory information from a peripheral nerve supplying the contracted muscle. This phenomenon is called “gating.” We reported that participants with good motor skills indicated strong suppression of somatosensory information. The present study investigated the effects of motor performance improvement following repetitive practice on the SEP amplitude.MethodsThe ball rotation task (BR task) was practiced by 15 healthy participants repetitively. SEPs were recorded before (pre) and after (post) repetitive practice.ResultsThe BR task performance was significantly improved and the required muscle activation to perform the task was significantly reduced after the repetitive practice. The degree of gating was not significant between pre and post- for the SEP amplitude. A significant correlation was found between changes in SEP amplitude from pre to post and performance improvement.DiscussionAfter repetitive practice, the degree of gating did not change, but the performance of the BR task improved, and the muscle activity required for the BR task decreased. These results suggest that repetitive practice does not change the degree of gating but changes the mechanism of gating. Furthermore, they indicate that suppression of the somatosensory area may play a role in improving task performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Akaiwa
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuya Matsuda
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Saito
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eriko Shibata
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Human Science, Hokkaido Bunkyo University, Eniwa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sugawara
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kazuhiro Sugawara,
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Akaiwa M, Matsuda Y, Soma Y, Shibata E, Saito H, Sasaki T, Sugawara K. The relationships between motor behavior and sensory gating in the ball rotation task. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:2659-2666. [PMID: 35951094 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06439-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
During voluntary muscle contraction, sensory information induced by electrostimulation of the nerves supplying the contracting muscle is inhibited and the amplitude of the corresponding somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) decreases. This phenomenon is called "gating." The reduction of the SEP amplitude is reportedly significantly larger when task performance is high. However, the relationship between dexterous movement skills and gating remains unclear. In this study, we investigated through a ball rotation (BR) task how dexterous movement skills affect the SEP amplitudes. Thirty healthy subjects performed the BR task comprising the rotation of two wooden balls as quickly as possible. We estimated the median number of ball rotations for each participant and classified the participants into two (fast and slow) groups based on the results. Moreover, we recorded SEPs, while the subjects performed BR tasks or rested. SEP amplitude reduction (P45) was significantly larger in the fast than in the slow group. We also observed that the P45 amplitude during the BR task was attenuated even more so in the case of the participants with better dexterous movement skills. Our results suggest that the participants with better dexterous movement skills might display stronger somatosensory information suppression because of increasing the motor cortex activity and the afferent input during the BR task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Akaiwa
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Yuya Matsuda
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Yuta Soma
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kashiwaba Neurosurgical Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Eriko Shibata
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Human Science, Hokkaido Bunkyo University, Eniwa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Saito
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sugawara
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
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Aizu N, Otaki R, Nishii K, Kito T, Yao R, Uemura K, Izumi SI, Yamada K. Body-Specific Attention to the Hands and Feet in Healthy Adults. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 15:805746. [PMID: 35145381 PMCID: PMC8821660 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.805746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To execute the intended movement, the brain directs attention, called body-specific attention, to the body to obtain information useful for movement. Body-specific attention to the hands has been examined but not to the feet. We aimed to confirm the existence of body-specific attention to the hands and feet, and examine its relation to motor and sensory functions from a behavioral perspective. The study included two groups of 27 right-handed and right-footed healthy adults, respectively. Visual detection tasks were used to measure body-specific attention. We measured reaction times to visual stimuli on or off the self-body and calculated the index of body-specific attention score to subtract the reaction time on self-body from that off one. Participants were classified into low and high attention groups based on each left and right body-specific attention index. For motor functions, Experiment 1 comprised handgrip strength and ball-rotation tasks for the hands, and Experiment 2 comprised toe grip strength involved in postural control for the feet. For sensory functions, the tactile thresholds of the hands and feet were measured. The results showed that, in both hands, the reaction time to visual stimuli on the hand was significantly lesser than that offhand. In the foot, this facilitation effect was observed in the right foot but not the left, which showed the correlation between body-specific attention and the normalized toe gripping force, suggesting that body-specific attention affected postural control. In the hand, the number of rotations of the ball was higher in the high than in the low attention group, regardless of the elaboration exercise difficulty or the left or right hand. However, this relation was not observed in the handgripping task. Thus, body-specific attention to the hand is an important component of elaborate movements. The tactile threshold was higher in the high than in the low attention group, regardless of the side in hand and foot. The results suggested that more body-specific attention is directed to the limbs with lower tactile abilities, supporting the sensory information reaching the brain. Therefore, we suggested that body-specific attention regulates the sensory information to help motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Aizu
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
- *Correspondence: Naoki Aizu
| | - Ryoji Otaki
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nishii
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takumi Kito
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Runhong Yao
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Japan University of Health Sciences, Satte, Japan
| | - Kenya Uemura
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hachinohe City Hospital, Hachinohe, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Izumi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kouji Yamada
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
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Kitai K, Odagiri M, Yamauchi R, Kodama T. Evaluation of Intervention Effectiveness of Sensory Compensatory Training with Tactile Discrimination Feedback on Sensorimotor Dysfunction of the Hand after Stroke. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11101314. [PMID: 34679379 PMCID: PMC8534145 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the intervention effect of training using a feedback-type tactile discrimination system on sensorimotor dysfunction of the hand after a stroke. A human male subject with sensorimotor dysfunction in his left hand after a stroke was asked to perform peg manipulation practice, a building block stacking task, and a material identification task for 10 min each for six weeks. During the activities, a tactile discrimination feedback system was used. The system is a device that detects the vibration information generated when touching an object with a hand and that feeds back the captured information in real time as vibration information. After the intervention, in addition to the reorganization of the sensorimotor areas, the deep sensation, sense of agency, numbness, amount of use, and quality of the left-hand movement improved. Our results suggest that training with the use of a feedback system could be a new form of rehabilitation for sensorimotor dysfunction of the hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Kitai
- Department of Rehabilitation, Maizuru Red Cross Hospital, Kyoto 624-0906, Japan;
| | - Masashi Odagiri
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan; (M.O.); (R.Y.)
| | - Ryosuke Yamauchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan; (M.O.); (R.Y.)
| | - Takayuki Kodama
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan; (M.O.); (R.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-075-574-4312
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Awais MA, Yusoff MZ, Khan DM, Yahya N, Kamel N, Ebrahim M. Effective Connectivity for Decoding Electroencephalographic Motor Imagery Using a Probabilistic Neural Network. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:6570. [PMID: 34640888 PMCID: PMC8512774 DOI: 10.3390/s21196570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Motor imagery (MI)-based brain-computer interfaces have gained much attention in the last few years. They provide the ability to control external devices, such as prosthetic arms and wheelchairs, by using brain activities. Several researchers have reported the inter-communication of multiple brain regions during motor tasks, thus making it difficult to isolate one or two brain regions in which motor activities take place. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the brain's neural patterns is important for BCI in order to provide more useful and insightful features. Thus, brain connectivity provides a promising approach to solving the stated shortcomings by considering inter-channel/region relationships during motor imagination. This study used effective connectivity in the brain in terms of the partial directed coherence (PDC) and directed transfer function (DTF) as intensively unconventional feature sets for motor imagery (MI) classification. MANOVA-based analysis was performed to identify statistically significant connectivity pairs. Furthermore, the study sought to predict MI patterns by using four classification algorithms-an SVM, KNN, decision tree, and probabilistic neural network. The study provides a comparative analysis of all of the classification methods using two-class MI data extracted from the PhysioNet EEG database. The proposed techniques based on a probabilistic neural network (PNN) as a classifier and PDC as a feature set outperformed the other classification and feature extraction techniques with a superior classification accuracy and a lower error rate. The research findings indicate that when the PDC was used as a feature set, the PNN attained the greatest overall average accuracy of 98.65%, whereas the same classifier was used to attain the greatest accuracy of 82.81% with the DTF. This study validates the activation of multiple brain regions during a motor task by achieving better classification outcomes through brain connectivity as compared to conventional features. Since the PDC outperformed the DTF as a feature set with its superior classification accuracy and low error rate, it has great potential for application in MI-based brain-computer interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahsan Awais
- Centre for Intelligent Signal & Imaging Research (CISIR), Electrical & Electronic Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (M.Z.Y.); (D.M.K.); (N.Y.); (N.K.)
| | - Mohd Zuki Yusoff
- Centre for Intelligent Signal & Imaging Research (CISIR), Electrical & Electronic Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (M.Z.Y.); (D.M.K.); (N.Y.); (N.K.)
| | - Danish M. Khan
- Centre for Intelligent Signal & Imaging Research (CISIR), Electrical & Electronic Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (M.Z.Y.); (D.M.K.); (N.Y.); (N.K.)
- Department of Telecommunications Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Norashikin Yahya
- Centre for Intelligent Signal & Imaging Research (CISIR), Electrical & Electronic Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (M.Z.Y.); (D.M.K.); (N.Y.); (N.K.)
| | - Nidal Kamel
- Centre for Intelligent Signal & Imaging Research (CISIR), Electrical & Electronic Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (M.Z.Y.); (D.M.K.); (N.Y.); (N.K.)
| | - Mansoor Ebrahim
- Faculty of Engineering, Sciences, and Technology, Iqra University, Karachi 75500, Pakistan;
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Wasaka T, Kida T, Kakigi R. Dexterous manual movement facilitates information processing in the primary somatosensory cortex: A magnetoencephalographic study. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:4638-4648. [PMID: 33987876 PMCID: PMC8361953 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between the somatosensory and motor systems is important for control of movement in humans. Cortical activity related to somatosensory response and sensory perception is modulated by the influence of movement executing mechanisms. This phenomenon has been observed as inhibition in the short‐latency components of somatosensory evoked potentials and magnetic fields (SEPs/SEFs). Although finger is the most dexterous among all the body parts, the sensorimotor integration underlying this dexterity has not yet been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to examine the sensorimotor integration mechanisms in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) during simple and complicated finger movement. The participant performed tasks that involved picking up a wooden block (PM task) and picking up and turning the wooden block 180° (PTM task) using the right‐hand fingers. During these tasks, the SEFs following right median nerve stimulation were recorded using magnetoencephalography. The amplitude of the M20 and M30 components showed a significant reduction during both manual tasks compared to the stationary task, whereas the M38 component showed a significant enhancement in amplitude. Furthermore, the SEFs recorded during continuous rotation of the block (rotation task) revealed a characteristic pattern of SI activity that was first suppressed and then facilitated. Since this facilitation is noticeable during complicated movement of the fingers, this phenomenon is thought to underlie a neural mechanism related to finger dexterity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Wasaka
- Department of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kida
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Higher Brain Function Unit, Department of Functioning and Disability, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan.,Section of Brain Function Information, Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Kakigi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
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Asahara R, Ishii K, Okamoto I, Sunami Y, Hamada H, Kataoka T, Ohshita W, Watanabe T, Matsukawa K. Increased oxygenation in the non‐contracting forearm muscle during contralateral skilful hand movement. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:950-965. [DOI: 10.1113/ep088194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Asahara
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
- Automotive Human Factors Research Center National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Ibaraki Japan
| | - Kei Ishii
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
- Automotive Human Factors Research Center National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Ibaraki Japan
| | - Izumi Okamoto
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
| | - Yuki Sunami
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
| | - Hironobu Hamada
- Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kataoka
- Department of Health Care for Adults, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
| | - Wakana Ohshita
- Department of Health Care for Adults, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
| | - Tae Watanabe
- Department of Health Care for Adults, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
| | - Kanji Matsukawa
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
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