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Jize Z, Zhuoga D, Xiaoqing Z, Na T, Jiacuo G, Cuicheng L, Bandan P. Different feeding strategies can affect growth performance and rumen functions in Gangba sheep as revealed by integrated transcriptome and microbiome analyses. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:908326. [PMID: 36090079 PMCID: PMC9449551 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.908326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the harsh environment in the Tibetan Plateau, traditional grazing greatly limits the growth potential of local animals and causes severe ecosystem degradation. This is an urgent issue to be solved, which requires alternative strategies for grazing animals in the Tibetan alpine pastoral livestock systems. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different feeding strategies on growth performance and ruminal microbiota-host interactions in the local breed of sheep (Gangba sheep). Thirty 9-month old Gangba sheep (n = 10 per group) were assigned to natural grazing (G), semi-grazing with supplementation (T), and barn feeding (F) groups (supplementation of concentrate and oat hay) based on body weight. At the end of the experiment (75 d), all sheep were weighed, rumen fluid was obtained from six sheep per group, and ruminal epithelium was obtained from 3 sheep per group. The results showed that: (1) Compared with the G and T groups, the F group significantly increased dry matter intake, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio of animals. Additionally, Gangba sheep in the F group had higher concentrations of ruminal short-chain volatile fatty acids (VFAs), especially propionate and butyrate (P <0.05) than sheep in the G and T groups. (2) The principal coordinates analysis indicated a significant difference in bacterial composition among different feed strategies. More specifically, the relative abundance of propionate (unidentified F082 and Succiniclasticum) and butyrate-producing (Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group) genera were also observed to be increased in the F group, in which unidentified F082 was identified as a differential biomarker among the three groups according to linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis. (3) The dynamics of the rumen epithelial transcriptome revealed that ECM-receptor interactions, focal adhesion, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, which are critical in mediating many aspects of cellular functions such as cell proliferation and motility, were upregulated in the F group. In conclusion, under harsh conditions in the Tibetan alpine meadow, barn feeding increased ruminal VFAs concentrations (especially propionate and butyrate), which stimulated gene expression related to cell proliferation in rumen epithelium, appearing to be superior to natural grazing and semi-grazing in gaining body weight of the local Gangba sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Jize
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Deqing Zhuoga
- Institute of Livestock Research, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, China
| | - Zhang Xiaoqing
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Zhang Xiaoqing
| | - Ta Na
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Gesang Jiacuo
- Institute of Livestock Research, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, China
| | - Luosang Cuicheng
- Institute of Livestock Research, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, China
| | - Pingcuo Bandan
- Institute of Livestock Research, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, China
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Zhang H, Liu N, Yang G, Badgery W, Guo Y, Zhang Y. Diet selection of sheep shifted from quality to quantity characteristics of forages as sward availability decreased. Animal 2022; 16:100546. [DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Jin Y, Asad M, Zhang X, Zhang J, Shi R. Shorter Grazing Time and Supplementation Are Beneficial for Gastrointestinal Tract Development and Carcass Traits of Growing Lambs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070878. [PMID: 35405867 PMCID: PMC8996875 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of restricted grazing durations on the gastrointestinal development and carcass quality of growing lambs are poorly understood. In this study, 32 lambs were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 8, body weight = 21.86 kg) corresponding to 2, 4, 8 and 12 h of grazing per day. When off-pasture, all lambs were housed and fed concentrate and hay. When the grazing time decreased from 12 h to 2 h, the abomasum weight and large intestine length decreased (p = 0.019; p = 0.069). Compared to lambs grazed for 12 h, animals grazed for 2−4 h had a greater villus height and villus-to-crypt ratio in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum segments (p < 0.05); the 2 h lambs had superior carcass quality and a smaller diameter and area of the gluteus medium muscle fibers (p < 0.05), with no significant change after 4 h of grazing. The results indicated that shorter grazing times and supplementation were beneficial for the gastrointestinal tract development and carcass quality of growing lambs. Therefore, a better grazing management approach in Inner Mongolia could be to restrict the grazing of lambs to 4 h per day instead of grazing for more extended periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Jin
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China;
| | - Muhammad Asad
- Agrobiology and Plant Stress Physiology Lab., Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China
- Institute of Practaculture Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850000, China;
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-471-496-7572 (X.Z. & J.Z.)
| | - Jize Zhang
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-471-496-7572 (X.Z. & J.Z.)
| | - Ruizhi Shi
- Institute of Practaculture Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850000, China;
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Olave CJ, Ivester KM, Couëtil LL, Franco-Marmolejo J, Mukhopadhyay A, Robinson JP, Park JH. Effects of forages, dust exposure and proresolving lipids on airway inflammation in horses. Am J Vet Res 2021; 83:153-161. [PMID: 34843444 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.21.08.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Ω-3)-derived proresolving lipid mediators (PRLM) in the resolution of mild airway inflammation in horses. ANIMALS 20 horses with mild airway inflammation. PROCEDURES Horses previously eating hay were fed hay pellets (low Ω-3 content; n = 10) or haylage (high Ω-3 content; 9) for 6 weeks. Dust exposure was measured in the breathing zone with a real-time particulate monitor. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed at baseline, week 3, and week 6. The effect of PRLM on neutrophil apoptosis and efferocytosis was examined in vitro. BAL fluid inflammatory cell proportions, apoptosis of circulating neutrophils, efferocytosis displayed by alveolar macrophages, and plasma lipid concentrations were compared between groups fed low and high amounts of Ω-3 by use of repeated measures of generalized linear models. RESULTS Dust exposure was significantly higher with hay feeding, compared to haylage and pellets, and equivalent between haylage and pellets. BAL fluid neutrophil proportions decreased significantly in horses fed haylage (baseline, 11.8 ± 2.4%; week 6, 2.5 ± 1.1%) but not pellets (baseline, 12.1 ± 2.3%; week 6, 8.5% ± 1.7%). At week 6, horses eating haylage had significantly lower BAL neutrophil proportions than those eating pellets, and a significantly lower concentration of stearic acid than at baseline. PRLM treatments did not affect neutrophil apoptosis or efferocytosis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Despite similar reduction in dust exposure, horses fed haylage displayed greater resolution of airway inflammation than those fed pellets. This improvement was not associated with increased plasma Ω-3 concentrations. Feeding haylage improves airway inflammation beyond that due to reduced dust exposure, though the mechanism remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla J Olave
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Kathleen M Ivester
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Laurent L Couëtil
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | | | - Abhijit Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - J Paul Robinson
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Jae H Park
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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Guo Y, Zhao X, Liu M, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Ma Q, Wang B, Luo H. Using Fecal DNA Metabarcoding to Investigate Foraging Reveals the Effects of Specific Herbage on the Improved n-3 Fatty Acid (PUFA) Composition in the Longissimus Dorsi Muscle of Grazing Tan Sheep. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:9725-9734. [PMID: 34378390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the natural diet of grazing sheep can help fulfill their nutritional requirements and positively affect the quality of their meat. Emerging fecal DNA (fDNA) metabarcoding technology can provide more accurate estimates for the dietary composition of free-ranging animals. This study has shown that pasture feeding can promote deposition of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in Tan lambs' muscle and decrease the ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acids (FAs), and thus, we investigated the dietary composition of grazing lambs using fDNA metabarcoding to assess the prevalence of medicinal herbage plants in their diet. Herein, based on the full-time natural pasture grazing and 4-h natural pasture grazing with indoor feeding patterns, the herbage taxa (Bassia scoparia, Euphorbia humifusa, Arnebia euchroma, and Salsola sp.) most correlated to n-3 PUFAs were highlighted to elucidate how diversification in dietary components was associated with the muscle FA profile of lambs. Our findings provide experimental evidence for future feeding research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xingang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Can Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Grasslands Management and Utilization, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qing Ma
- Research Center of Grass and Livestock, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hailing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Englmaierová M, Skřivan M, Taubner T, Skřivanová V, Čermák L. Effect of housing system and feed restriction on meat quality of medium-growing chickens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101223. [PMID: 34157561 PMCID: PMC8237347 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the differences in meat quality of 420 Hubbard JA757 cockerels in relation to the housing system (litter and mobile box) and level of mixed feed (ad libitum [AL], reducing the level by 20% [R20] and 30% [R30]). Three groups of chickens were housed in litter boxes for the entire fattening period (stocking density: 0.094 m2/bird). The other 3 groups were housed in litter boxes until 28 d of age and then relocated into mobile boxes (stocking density: 0.154 m2/bird) on pasture until the end of the experiment at 57 d of age. Restricted groups received a reduced diet level from 29th to 57th d of age. Feed mixture restriction increased the pasture vegetation intake of chickens from 2.63 to 3.50 (R20) and 3.94 g of dry matter/bird/d (R30). Restriction adversely affected the dressing percentage (P < 0.001) and breast yield (P < 0.001), while the leg yield (P < 0.001) was increased with increasing restriction levels. Meat of chickens housed in mobile boxes on a pasture showed lower cooking loss (P < 0.001) and higher redness and yellowness values in the skin (P = 0.030 and P = 0.026; respectively) and meat (P = 0.008 and P < 0.001; respectively). The fragile meat after cooking was observed in chickens reared on litter (P = 0.001). As the level of restriction increased, the number of muscle fibres (P = 0.001) increased, and their cross-sectional area (P = 0.001) and diameter (P = 0.002) decreased. The highest contents of lutein (P = 0.002) and zeaxanthin (P = 0.006) in breast muscle were found in chickens housed in mobile boxes and fed 80% and 70% AL. However, the concentrations of α- and γ-tocopherol (P = 0.006 and P = 0.003) were negatively affected by feed restriction. A 30% reduction in feed level in outdoor housed chickens led to a decrease in oxidative stability (P = 0.024). Feed restriction (R20) in chickens housed in mobile boxes significantly increased the n3 fatty acids content (P = 0.002) and h/H index (P = 0.005) and reduced the n6/n3 ratio (P < 0.001) and atherogenic (P < 0.001) and thrombogenic index (P = 0.003), which possess a health benefits for human. In addition, restriction of mixed feed decreased cholesterol content in breast meat (P = 0.042). It might be concluded that, in terms of meat quality, cereal diet restriction of 20% in medium-growing cockerels housed in mobile boxes on a pasture is beneficial. The higher level of restriction does not lead to further improvement in meat quality indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Englmaierová
- Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Czech Republic.
| | - M Skřivan
- Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Czech Republic
| | - T Taubner
- Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Czech Republic
| | - V Skřivanová
- Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Czech Republic
| | - L Čermák
- Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Czech Republic
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The effect of substitution of mixed grass hay with Urtica cannabina hay and/or Leymus chinensis hay on blood biochemical profile, carcass traits, and intramuscular fatty acid composition in finishing lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Dervishi E, González-Calvo L, Blanco M, Joy M, Sarto P, Martin-Hernandez R, Ordovás JM, Serrano M, Calvo JH. Gene Expression and Fatty Acid Profiling in Longissimus thoracis Muscle, Subcutaneous Fat, and Liver of Light Lambs in Response to Concentrate or Alfalfa Grazing. Front Genet 2019; 10:1070. [PMID: 31737049 PMCID: PMC6834778 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of gene expression and metabolic pathways in response to a feeding system is critical for identifying key physiological processes and genes associated with polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content in lamb meat. The main objective of this study was to investigate transcriptional changes in L. thoracis (LT) muscle, liver, and subcutaneous fat (SF) of lambs that grazed alfalfa (ALF) and concentrate-fed (CON) slaughtered at 23 kg and using the Affymetrix Ovine Gene 1.1 ST whole-genome array. The study also evaluated the relationship between meat traits in LT muscle, including color, pigments and lipid oxidation during 7 days of display, α-tocopherol content, intramuscular fat (IMF) content and the fatty acid (FA) profile. Lambs that grazed on alfalfa had a greater α-tocopherol concentration in plasma than CON lambs (P < 0.05). The treatment did not affect the IMF content, meat color or pigments (P > 0.05). Grazing increased the α-tocopherol content (P < 0.001) and decreased lipid oxidation on day 7 of display (P < 0.05) in LT muscle. The ALF group contained a greater amount of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), C18:3 n−3, C20:5 n−3, C22:5 n−3, and C22:6 n−3 than did the CON group (P < 0.05). We identified 41, 96 and four genes differentially expressed in LT muscle, liver, and subcutaneous fat, respectively. The most enriched biological processes in LT muscle were skeletal muscle tissue development, being the genes related to catabolic and lipid processes downregulated, except for CPT1B, which was upregulated in the ALF lambs. Animals grazing alfalfa had lower expression of desaturase enzymes in the liver (FADS1 and FADS2), which regulate unsaturation of fatty acids and are directly involved in the metabolism of n−3 PUFA series. The results found in the current study showed that ingesting diets richer in n−3 PUFA might have negative effects on the de novo synthesis of n−3 PUFA by downregulating the FADS1 and FADS2 expression. However, feeding diets poorer in n−3 PUFA can promote fatty acid desaturation, which makes these two genes attractive candidates for altering the content of PUFAs in meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elda Dervishi
- Livestock Gentec, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Laura González-Calvo
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA)-Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mireia Blanco
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA)-Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Margalida Joy
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA)-Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Sarto
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA)-Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Jose M Ordovás
- Jean Mayer-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Jorge H Calvo
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA)-Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain.,ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain
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Jin Y, Jiang C, Zhang X, Shi L, Wang M. Effect of dietary Urtica cannabina on the growth performance, apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation and gastrointestinal morphology of growing lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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