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Mirzababaei S, Towery LAK, Kozminsky M. 3D and 4D assembly of functional structures using shape-morphing materials for biological applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1347666. [PMID: 38605991 PMCID: PMC11008679 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1347666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
3D structures are crucial to biological function in the human body, driving interest in their in vitro fabrication. Advances in shape-morphing materials allow the assembly of 3D functional materials with the ability to modulate the architecture, flexibility, functionality, and other properties of the final product that suit the desired application. The principles of these techniques correspond to the principles of origami and kirigami, which enable the transformation of planar materials into 3D structures by folding, cutting, and twisting the 2D structure. In these approaches, materials responding to a certain stimulus will be used to manufacture a preliminary structure. Upon applying the stimuli, the architecture changes, which could be considered the fourth dimension in the manufacturing process. Here, we briefly summarize manufacturing techniques, such as lithography and 3D printing, that can be used in fabricating complex structures based on the aforementioned principles. We then discuss the common architectures that have been developed using these methods, which include but are not limited to gripping, rolling, and folding structures. Then, we describe the biomedical applications of these structures, such as sensors, scaffolds, and minimally invasive medical devices. Finally, we discuss challenges and future directions in using shape-morphing materials to develop biomimetic and bioinspired designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheyl Mirzababaei
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Lily Alyssa Kera Towery
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Molly Kozminsky
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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2
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Sakai K, Miura S, Teshima TF, Goto T, Takeuchi S, Yamaguchi M. Small-artery-mimicking multi-layered 3D co-culture in a self-folding porous graphene-based film. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:1529-1536. [PMID: 37782508 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00304c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
In vitro vessel-mimicking models have been spotlighted as a powerful tool for investigating cellular behaviours in vascular development and diseases. However, it is still challenging to create micro-scale tubular tissues while mimicking the structural features of small arteries. Here, we propose a 3D culture model of small vascular tissue using a self-folding graphene-based porous film. Vascular endothelial cells were encapsulated within the self-folding film to create a cellular construct with a controlled curvature radius ranging from 10 to 100 μm, which is comparable to the size of a human arteriole. Additionally, vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells were separately co-cultured on the inner and outer surfaces of the folded film, respectively. The porous wall worked as a permeable barrier between them, affecting the cell-cell communications like the extracellular layer in the artery wall. Thus, the culture model recapitulates the structural features of a small artery and will help us better understand intercellular communications at the artery wall in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sakai
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories and Bio-Medical Informatics Research Center, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0198, Japan.
| | - Shigenori Miura
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko F Teshima
- Medical and Health Informatics Laboratories, NTT Research Incorporated, 940 Stewart Dr, Sunnyvale, CA, 94085, USA
| | - Toichiro Goto
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories and Bio-Medical Informatics Research Center, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0198, Japan.
| | - Shoji Takeuchi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- Department of Mechano-Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masumi Yamaguchi
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories and Bio-Medical Informatics Research Center, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0198, Japan.
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3
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Dutta D, Graupner N, Müssig J, Brüggemann D. Assembly of Rolled-Up Collagen Constructs on Porous Alumina Textiles. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2023; 3:286-294. [PMID: 37601922 PMCID: PMC10436369 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.3c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Developing new techniques to prepare free-standing tubular scaffolds has always been a challenge in the field of regenerative medicine. Here, we report a new and simple way to prepare free-standing collagen constructs with rolled-up architecture by self-assembling nanofibers on porous alumina (Al2O3) textiles modified with different silanes, carbon or gold. Following self-assembly and cross-linking with glutaraldehyde, collagen nanofibers spontaneously rolled up on the modified Al2O3 textiles and detached. The resulting collagen constructs had an inner diameter of approximately 2 to 4 mm in a rolled-up state and could be easily detached from the underlying textiles. Mechanical testing of wet collagen scaffolds following detachment yielded mean values of 3.5 ± 1.9 MPa for the tensile strength, 41.0 ± 20.8 MPa for the Young's modulus and 8.1 ± 3.7% for the elongation at break. No roll-up was observed on Al2O3 textiles without any modification, where collagen did not assemble into fibers, either. Blends of collagen and chitosan were also found to roll into fibrous constructs on silanized Al2O3 textiles, while fibrinogen nanofibers or blends of collagen and elastin did not yield such structures. Based on these differences, we hypothesize that textile surface charge and protein charge, in combination with the porous architecture of protein nanofibers and differences in mechanical strain, are key factors in inducing a scaffold roll-up. Further studies are required to develop the observed roll-up effect into a reproducible biofabrication process that can enable the controlled production of free-standing collagen-based tubes for soft tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepanjalee Dutta
- Institute for Biophysics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Nina Graupner
- The Biological Materials Group, Biomimetics, Faculty 5, HSB - City University of Applied Sciences Bremen, Neustadtswall 30, 28199 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jörg Müssig
- The Biological Materials Group, Biomimetics, Faculty 5, HSB - City University of Applied Sciences Bremen, Neustadtswall 30, 28199 Bremen, Germany
| | - Dorothea Brüggemann
- Institute for Biophysics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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Shklyaev OE, Laskar A, Balazs AC. Engineering confined fluids to autonomously assemble hierarchical 3D structures. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad232. [PMID: 37497047 PMCID: PMC10367439 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The inherent coupling of chemical and mechanical behavior in fluid-filled microchambers enables the fluid to autonomously perform work, which in turn can direct the self-organization of objects immersed in the solution. Using theory and simulations, we show that the combination of diffusioosmotic and buoyancy mechanisms produce independently controlled, respective fluid flows: one generated by confining surfaces and the other in the bulk of the solution. With both flows present, the fluid can autonomously join 2D, disconnected pieces to a chemically active, "sticky" base and then fold the resulting layer into regular 3D shapes (e.g. pyramids, tetrahedrons, and cubes). Here, the fluid itself performs the work of construction and thus, this process does not require extensive external machinery. If several sticky bases are localized on the bottom surface, the process can be parallelized, with the fluid simultaneously forming multiple structures of the same or different geometries. Hence, this approach can facilitate the relatively low-cost, mass production of 3D micron to millimeter-sized structures. Formed in an aqueous solution, the assembled structures could be compatible with biological environments, and thus, potentially useful in medical and biochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg E Shklyaev
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street Benedum Hall of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Abhrajit Laskar
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street Benedum Hall of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Adly N, Teshima TF, Hassani H, Boustani GA, Weiß LJ, Cheng G, Alexander J, Wolfrum B. Printed Silk Microelectrode Arrays for Electrophysiological Recording and Controlled Drug Delivery. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202869. [PMID: 36827235 PMCID: PMC11468847 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The use of soft and flexible bioelectronic interfaces can enhance the quality for recording cells' electrical activity by ensuring a continuous and intimate contact with the smooth, curving surfaces found in the physiological environment. This work develops soft microelectrode arrays (MEAs) made of silk fibroin (SF) films for recording interfaces that can also serve as a drug delivery system. Inkjet printing is used as a tool to deposit the substrate, conductive electrode, and insulator, as well as a drug-delivery nanocomposite film. This approach is highly versatile, as shown in the fabrication of carbon microelectrodes, sandwiched between a silk substrate and a silk insulator. The technique permits the development of thin-film devices that can be employed for in vitro extracellular recordings of HL-1 cell action potentials. The tuning of SF by applying an electrical stimulus to produce a permeable layer that can be used in on-demand drug delivery systems is also demonstrated. The multifunctional MEA developed here can pave the way for in vitro drug screening by applying time-resolved and localized chemical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouran Adly
- Neuroelectronics – Munich Institute of Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Electrical EngineeringTUM School of ComputationInformation and TechnologyTechnical University of MunichHans‐Piloty‐Strasse 185748GarchingGermany
- Medical & Health Informatics LaboratoriesNTT Research Incorporated940 Stewart DrSunnyvaleCA94085USA
| | - Tetsuhiko F. Teshima
- Neuroelectronics – Munich Institute of Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Electrical EngineeringTUM School of ComputationInformation and TechnologyTechnical University of MunichHans‐Piloty‐Strasse 185748GarchingGermany
- Medical & Health Informatics LaboratoriesNTT Research Incorporated940 Stewart DrSunnyvaleCA94085USA
| | | | - George Al Boustani
- Neuroelectronics – Munich Institute of Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Electrical EngineeringTUM School of ComputationInformation and TechnologyTechnical University of MunichHans‐Piloty‐Strasse 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Lennart J.K. Weiß
- Neuroelectronics – Munich Institute of Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Electrical EngineeringTUM School of ComputationInformation and TechnologyTechnical University of MunichHans‐Piloty‐Strasse 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Gordon Cheng
- Chair for Cognitive SystemsDepartment of Electrical EngineeringTUM School of ComputationInformation and TechnologyTechnical University of MunichArcisstrasse 2180333MunichGermany
| | - Joe Alexander
- Medical & Health Informatics LaboratoriesNTT Research Incorporated940 Stewart DrSunnyvaleCA94085USA
| | - Bernhard Wolfrum
- Neuroelectronics – Munich Institute of Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Electrical EngineeringTUM School of ComputationInformation and TechnologyTechnical University of MunichHans‐Piloty‐Strasse 185748GarchingGermany
- Medical & Health Informatics LaboratoriesNTT Research Incorporated940 Stewart DrSunnyvaleCA94085USA
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Tomba C, Luchnikov V, Barberi L, Blanch-Mercader C, Roux A. Epithelial cells adapt to curvature induction via transient active osmotic swelling. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1257-1270.e5. [PMID: 35568030 PMCID: PMC9165930 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Generation of tissue curvature is essential to morphogenesis. However, how cells adapt to changing curvature is still unknown because tools to dynamically control curvature in vitro are lacking. Here, we developed self-rolling substrates to study how flat epithelial cell monolayers adapt to a rapid anisotropic change of curvature. We show that the primary response is an active and transient osmotic swelling of cells. This cell volume increase is not observed on inducible wrinkled substrates, where concave and convex regions alternate each other over short distances; and this finding identifies swelling as a collective response to changes of curvature with a persistent sign over large distances. It is triggered by a drop in membrane tension and actin depolymerization, which is perceived by cells as a hypertonic shock. Osmotic swelling restores tension while actin reorganizes, probably to comply with curvature. Thus, epithelia are unique materials that transiently and actively swell while adapting to large curvature induction. Rapid inward and outward epithelial rolling triggers cell volume increase Epithelial folding induces a mechano-osmotic feedback loop that involvs ion channels Cell volume regulation in curved tissues involves actin, membrane tension, and mTORC2
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Tomba
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
| | - Valeriy Luchnikov
- Université de Haute Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, 15, rue Jean Starcky, Mulhouse 68100, France
| | - Luca Barberi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Carles Blanch-Mercader
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Roux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; National Center of Competence in Research Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
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7
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Männik J, Teshima TF, Wolfrum B, Yang D. Lab-on-a-chip based mechanical actuators and sensors for single-cell and organoid culture studies. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 2021; 129:210905. [PMID: 34103765 PMCID: PMC8175090 DOI: 10.1063/5.0051875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
All living cells constantly experience and respond to mechanical stresses. The molecular networks that activate in cells in response to mechanical stimuli are yet not well-understood. Our limited knowledge stems partially from the lack of available tools that are capable of exerting controlled mechanical stress to individual cells and at the same time observing their responses at subcellular to molecular resolution. Several tools such as rheology setups, micropipetes, and magnetic tweezers have been used in the past. While allowing to quantify short-time viscoelastic responses, these setups are not suitable for long-term observations of cells and most of them have low throughput. In this Perspective, we discuss lab-on-a-chip platforms that have the potential to overcome these limitations. Our focus is on devices that apply shear, compressive, tensile, and confinement derived stresses to single cells and organoid cultures. We compare different design strategies for these devices and highlight their advantages, drawbacks, and future potential. While the majority of these devices are used for fundamental research, some of them have potential applications in medical diagnostics and these applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaan Männik
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
| | | | | | - Da Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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8
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Kim E, Jeon S, An HK, Kianpour M, Yu SW, Kim JY, Rah JC, Choi H. A magnetically actuated microrobot for targeted neural cell delivery and selective connection of neural networks. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb5696. [PMID: 32978164 PMCID: PMC7518876 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb5696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
There has been a great deal of interest in the development of technologies for actively manipulating neural networks in vitro, providing natural but simplified environments in a highly reproducible manner in which to study brain function and related diseases. Platforms for these in vitro neural networks require precise and selective neural connections at the target location, with minimal external influences, and measurement of neural activity to determine how neurons communicate. Here, we report a neuron-loaded microrobot for selective connection of neural networks via precise delivery to a gap between two neural clusters by an external magnetic field. In addition, the extracellular action potential was propagated from one cluster to the other through the neurons on the microrobot. The proposed technique shows the potential for use in experiments to understand how neurons communicate in the neural network by actively connecting neural clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Kim
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea
- DGIST-ETH Microrobot Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Sungwoong Jeon
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea
- DGIST-ETH Microrobot Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyu An
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | | | - Seong-Woon Yu
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea.
- DGIST-ETH Microrobot Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Jong-Cheol Rah
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Hongsoo Choi
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea.
- DGIST-ETH Microrobot Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
- Robotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
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Garrison CM, Singh-Varma A, Pastino AK, Steele JAM, Kohn J, Murthy NS, Schwarzbauer JE. A multilayered scaffold for regeneration of smooth muscle and connective tissue layers. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 109:733-744. [PMID: 32654327 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration often requires recruitment of different cell types and rebuilding of two or more tissue layers to restore function. Here, we describe the creation of a novel multilayered scaffold with distinct fiber organizations-aligned to unaligned and dense to porous-to template common architectures found in adjacent tissue layers. Electrospun scaffolds were fabricated using a biodegradable, tyrosine-derived terpolymer, yielding densely-packed, aligned fibers that transition into randomly-oriented fibers of increasing diameter and porosity. We demonstrate that differently-oriented scaffold fibers direct cell and extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, and that scaffold fibers and ECM protein networks are maintained after decellularization. Smooth muscle and connective tissue layers are frequently adjacent in vivo; we show that within a single scaffold, the architecture supports alignment of contractile smooth muscle cells and deposition by fibroblasts of a meshwork of ECM fibrils. We rolled a flat scaffold into a tubular construct and, after culture, showed cell viability, orientation, and tissue-specific protein expression in the tube were similar to the flat-sheet scaffold. This scaffold design not only has translational potential for reparation of flat and tubular tissue layers but can also be customized for alternative applications by introducing two or more cell types in different combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly M Garrison
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Anya Singh-Varma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Alexandra K Pastino
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Joseph A M Steele
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Joachim Kohn
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - N Sanjeeva Murthy
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jean E Schwarzbauer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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10
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Cui C, Kim DO, Pack MY, Han B, Han L, Sun Y, Han LH. 4D printing of self-folding and cell-encapsulating 3D microstructures as scaffolds for tissue-engineering applications. Biofabrication 2020; 12:045018. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aba502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Apsite I, Constante G, Dulle M, Vogt L, Caspari A, Boccaccini AR, Synytska A, Salehi S, Ionov L. 4D Biofabrication of fibrous artificial nerve graft for neuron regeneration. Biofabrication 2020; 12:035027. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab94cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Costa G, Gentile F. A nanomechanical model enables comprehensive characterization of biological tissues in ultrasound imaging. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2020; 6:035026. [PMID: 33438671 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab8740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sonography, elastography, sonoelastography are ultrasound imaging techniques commonly used in the clinical practice for the diagnosis of many pathological conditions. These highly reliable, non-invasive methods use high frequency, elastic pressure waves (ultrasounds) to interrogate the internal structure of biological tissues and organs, and the continuum mechanics hypothesis to reconstruct, from the output of the system, the biophysical characteristics of the samples. Nevertheless, continuum mechanics disregards the discrete nature of tissues and organs, resulting in an inability for the model to describe some important tissue biophysical characteristics such as the cell size and their spatial layout. Here, we used the theory of doublet mechanics - a discrete nano-mechanical field theory - to model the propagation of ultrasounds in a multilayered biological tissue. We found that the output of the model exhibits a very high sensitivity to the macro and micro characteristics of the tissue, including cell size. We used results from the model to correlate the internal structure of the samples to the reflection coefficient, i.e. the continuum level response of the system. This model, and its more sophisticated evolutions that will be developed over time, can complement traditional ultrasound imaging, and provide ways to analyze non-invasively living tissues with a resolution inaccessible to conventional techniques of analysis, including positron emission tomography, computer tomography, and magnetic resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Costa
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
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13
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Sakai K, Teshima TF, Nakashima H, Ueno Y. Graphene-based neuron encapsulation with controlled axonal outgrowth. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:13249-13259. [PMID: 31149690 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04165f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal constructs with tuneable 3D geometry can contribute greatly to the construction of brain-like functional tissues for transplantable grafts and robust experimental models. In this study, we propose a self-folding graphene/polymer bilayer film that forms a micro-roll for neuron encapsulation, and highlight the importance of employing pores on the micro-roll to allow neurons to interact with their surroundings. The micro-patterns and varied thicknesses of the bilayer provide control over the 3D geometries of the micro-roll. The pores facilitate the diffusion of reagents, resulting in the adequate loading of probes for imaging and the successful stimulation of the encapsulated neurons. Moreover, the encapsulated neurons inside the micro-roll are functionally integrated into surrounding neuronal networks by extending their axons through the pores. Thus, our method for encapsulating neurons with a porous graphene-laden film allows the construction of precisely shaped neuronal tissues that interact with their surroundings. We believe that the method will open a new avenue for the reconstruction of functional neuronal tissues and is potentially applicable to other self-folding bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sakai
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan.
| | - Tetsuhiko F Teshima
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Nakashima
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan.
| | - Yuko Ueno
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan.
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14
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Teshima TF, Henderson CS, Takamura M, Ogawa Y, Wang S, Kashimura Y, Sasaki S, Goto T, Nakashima H, Ueno Y. Self-Folded Three-Dimensional Graphene with a Tunable Shape and Conductivity. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:461-470. [PMID: 30525693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) graphene architectures are of great interest as applications in flexible electronics and biointerfaces. In this study, we demonstrate the facile formation of predetermined 3D polymeric microstructures simply by transferring monolayer graphene. The graphene adheres to the surface of polymeric films via noncovalent π-π stacking bonding and induces a sloped internal strain, leading to the self-rolling of 3D microscale architectures. Micropatterns and varied thicknesses of the 2D films prior to the self-rolling allows for control over the resulting 3D geometries. The strain then present on the hexagonal unit cell of the graphene produces a nonlinear electrical conductivity across the device. The driving force behind the self-folding process arises from the reconfiguration of the molecules within the crystalline materials. We believe that this effective and versatile way of realizing a 3D graphene structure is potentially applicable to alternative 2D layered materials as well as other flexible polymeric templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiko F Teshima
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories , NTT Corporation , 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya , Atsugi , Kanagawa 243-0198 , Japan
| | - Calum S Henderson
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories , NTT Corporation , 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya , Atsugi , Kanagawa 243-0198 , Japan
- School of Chemistry , The University of Edinburgh , David Brewster Road , Edinburgh , Scotland EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Makoto Takamura
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories , NTT Corporation , 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya , Atsugi , Kanagawa 243-0198 , Japan
| | - Yui Ogawa
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories , NTT Corporation , 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya , Atsugi , Kanagawa 243-0198 , Japan
| | - Shengnan Wang
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories , NTT Corporation , 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya , Atsugi , Kanagawa 243-0198 , Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kashimura
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories , NTT Corporation , 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya , Atsugi , Kanagawa 243-0198 , Japan
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories , NTT Corporation , 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya , Atsugi , Kanagawa 243-0198 , Japan
| | - Toichiro Goto
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories , NTT Corporation , 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya , Atsugi , Kanagawa 243-0198 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakashima
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories , NTT Corporation , 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya , Atsugi , Kanagawa 243-0198 , Japan
| | - Yuko Ueno
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories , NTT Corporation , 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya , Atsugi , Kanagawa 243-0198 , Japan
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15
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Bolaños Quiñones VA, Zhu H, Solovev AA, Mei Y, Gracias DH. Origami Biosystems: 3D Assembly Methods for Biomedical Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A. Bolaños Quiñones
- Department of Materials Science State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Materials Science State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Alexander A. Solovev
- Department of Materials Science State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - David H. Gracias
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University 3400 N Charles Street, 221 Maryland Hall Baltimore MD 21218 USA
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