1
|
Leroy A, Fanuel M, Alvarado C, Rogniaux H, Grisel S, Haon M, Berrin JG, Paës G, Guillon F. In situ imaging of LPMO action on plant tissues. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 343:122465. [PMID: 39174080 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are copper-dependent enzymes that oxidatively cleave recalcitrant polysaccharides such as cellulose. Several studies have reported LPMO action in synergy with other carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) for the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass but direct LPMO action at the plant tissue level remains challenging to investigate. Here, we have developed a MALDI-MS imaging workflow to detect oxidised oligosaccharides released by a cellulose-active LPMO at cellular level on maize tissues. Using this workflow, we imaged LPMO action and gained insight into the spatial variation and relative abundance of oxidised and non-oxidised oligosaccharides. We reveal a targeted action of the LPMO related to the composition and organisation of plant cell walls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Leroy
- INRAE, UR 1268 BIA, 44316 Nantes, France; INRAE, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, FARE, UMR A 614, 51100 Reims, France.
| | - Mathieu Fanuel
- INRAE, UR 1268 BIA, 44316 Nantes, France; INRAE, BIBS Facility, 44316 Nantes, France.
| | | | - Hélène Rogniaux
- INRAE, UR 1268 BIA, 44316 Nantes, France; INRAE, BIBS Facility, 44316 Nantes, France.
| | - Sacha Grisel
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), 13009 Marseille, France; INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, 3PE platform, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Mireille Haon
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), 13009 Marseille, France; INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, 3PE platform, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Jean-Guy Berrin
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Gabriel Paës
- INRAE, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, FARE, UMR A 614, 51100 Reims, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moon M, Lee JP, Park GW, Lee JS, Park HJ, Min K. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO)-derived saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 359:127501. [PMID: 35753567 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Given that traditional biorefineries have been based on microbial fermentation to produce useful fuels, materials, and chemicals as metabolites, saccharification is an important step to obtain fermentable sugars from biomass. It is well-known that glycosidic hydrolases (GHs) are responsible for the saccharification of recalcitrant polysaccharides through hydrolysis, but the discovery of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO), which is a kind of oxidative enzyme involved in cleaving polysaccharides and boosting GH performance, has profoundly changed the understanding of enzyme-based saccharification. This review briefly introduces the classification, structural information, and catalytic mechanism of LPMOs. In addition to recombinant expression strategies, synergistic effects with GH are comprehensively discussed. Challenges and perspectives for LPMO-based saccharification on a large scale are also briefly mentioned. Ultimately, this review can provide insights for constructing an economically viable lignocellulose-based biorefinery system and a closed-carbon loop to cope with climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myounghoon Moon
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Pyo Lee
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwon Woo Park
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Suk Lee
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun June Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungseon Min
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Leroy A, Devaux MF, Fanuel M, Chauvet H, Durand S, Alvarado C, Habrant A, Sandt C, Rogniaux H, Paës G, Guillon F. Real-time imaging of enzymatic degradation of pretreated maize internodes reveals different cell types have different profiles. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 353:127140. [PMID: 35405211 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a dynamic view of the enzymatic degradation of maize cell walls, and sheds new light on the recalcitrance of hot water pretreated maize stem internodes. Infra-red microspectrometry, mass spectrometry, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and fluorescence imaging were combined to investigate enzymatic hydrolysis at the cell scale. Depending on their polymer composition and organisation, cell types exhibits different extent and rate of enzymatic degradation. Enzymes act sequentially from the cell walls rich in accessible cellulose to the most recalcitrant cells. This phenomenon can be linked to the heterogeneous distribution of enzymes in the liquid medium and the adsorption/desorption mechanisms that differ with the type of cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Leroy
- INRAE, UR 1268 BIA, 44316 Nantes, France; Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A614, 51100 Reims, France
| | | | - Mathieu Fanuel
- INRAE, UR 1268 BIA, 44316 Nantes, France; INRAE, BIBS Facility, 44316 Nantes, France
| | - Hugo Chauvet
- DISCO Beamline, SOLEIL Synchrotron, BP48, l'Orme des Merisiers, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | | | | | - Anouck Habrant
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A614, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Christophe Sandt
- SMIS Beamline, SOLEIL Synchrotron, BP48, l'Orme des Merisiers, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Hélène Rogniaux
- INRAE, UR 1268 BIA, 44316 Nantes, France; INRAE, BIBS Facility, 44316 Nantes, France
| | - Gabriel Paës
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A614, 51100 Reims, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rani Singhania R, Dixit P, Kumar Patel A, Shekher Giri B, Kuo CH, Chen CW, Di Dong C. Role and significance of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) in lignocellulose deconstruction. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 335:125261. [PMID: 34000697 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) emerged a decade ago and have been described as biomass deconstruction boosters as they play an extremely important role in unravelling the enzymatic biomass hydrolysis scheme. These are oxidative enzymes requiring partners to donate electrons during catalytic action on cellulose backbone. Commercial cellulase preparations are mostly from the robust fungal sources, hence LPMOs from fungi (AA9) have been discussed. Characterisation of LPMOs suffers due to multiple complications which has been discussed and challenges in detection of LPMOs in secretomes has also been highlighted. This review focuses on the significance of LPMOs on biomass hydrolysis due to which it has become a key component of cellulolytic cocktail available commercially for biomass deconstruction and its routine analysis challenge has also been discussed. It has also outlined a few key points that help in expressing catalytic active recombinant AA9 LPMOs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reeta Rani Singhania
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Pooja Dixit
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Balendu Shekher Giri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati 781039 India
| | - Chia-Hung Kuo
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Barron C, Devaux MF, Foucat L, Falourd X, Looten R, Joseph-Aime M, Durand S, Bonnin E, Lapierre C, Saulnier L, Rouau X, Guillon F. Enzymatic degradation of maize shoots: monitoring of chemical and physical changes reveals different saccharification behaviors. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:1. [PMID: 33402195 PMCID: PMC7786969 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recalcitrance of lignocellulosics to enzymatic saccharification has been related to many factors, including the tissue and molecular heterogeneity of the plant particles. The role of tissue heterogeneity generally assessed from plant sections is not easy to study on a large scale. In the present work, dry fractionation of ground maize shoot was performed to obtain particle fractions enriched in a specific tissue. The degradation profiles of the fractions were compared considering physical changes in addition to chemical conversion. RESULTS Coarse, medium and fine fractions were produced using a dry process followed by an electrostatic separation. The physical and chemical characteristics of the fractions varied, suggesting enrichment in tissue from leaves, pith or rind. The fractions were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis in a torus reactor designed for real-time monitoring of the number and size of the particles. Saccharification efficiency was monitored by analyzing the sugar release at different times. The lowest and highest saccharification yields were measured in the coarse and fine fractions, respectively, and these yields paralleled the reduction in the size and number of particles. The behavior of the positively- and negatively-charged particles of medium-size fractions was contrasted. Although the amount of sugar release was similar, the changes in particle size and number differed during enzymatic degradation. The reduction in the number of particles proceeded faster than that of particle size, suggesting that degradable particles were degraded to the point of disappearance with no significant erosion or fragmentation. Considering all fractions, the saccharification yield was positively correlated with the amount of water associated with [5-15 nm] pore size range at 67% moisture content while the reduction in the number of particles was inversely correlated with the amount of lignin. CONCLUSION Real-time monitoring of sugar release and changes in the number and size of the particles clearly evidenced different degradation patterns for fractions of maize shoot that could be related to tissue heterogeneity in the plant. The biorefinery process could benefit from the addition of a sorting stage to optimise the flow of biomass materials and take better advantage of the heterogeneity of the biomass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Barron
- CIRAD, INRAE, IATE, Institut Agro, Univ. Montpellier, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Loïc Foucat
- INRAE, UR BIA, 44316, Nantes, France
- INRAE, BIBS Facility, 44316, Nantes, France
| | - Xavier Falourd
- INRAE, UR BIA, 44316, Nantes, France
- INRAE, BIBS Facility, 44316, Nantes, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Catherine Lapierre
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | | | - Xavier Rouau
- CIRAD, INRAE, IATE, Institut Agro, Univ. Montpellier, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Enzymes to unravel bioproducts architecture. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 41:107546. [PMID: 32275940 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes are essential and ubiquitous biocatalysts involved in various metabolic pathways and used in many industrial processes. Here, we reframe enzymes not just as biocatalysts transforming bioproducts but also as sensitive probes for exploring the structure and composition of complex bioproducts, like meat tissue, dairy products and plant materials, in both food and non-food bioprocesses. This review details the global strategy and presents the most recent investigations to prepare and use enzymes as relevant probes, with a focus on glycoside-hydrolases involved in plant deconstruction and proteases and lipases involved in food digestion. First, to expand the enzyme repertoire to fit bioproduct complexity, novel enzymes are mined from biodiversity and can be artificially engineered. Enzymes are further characterized by exploring sequence/structure/dynamics/function relationships together with the environmental factors influencing enzyme interactions with their substrates. Then, the most advanced experimental and theoretical approaches developed for exploring bioproducts at various scales (from nanometer to millimeter) using active and inactive enzymes as probes are illustrated. Overall, combining multimodal and multiscale approaches brings a better understanding of native-form or transformed bioproduct architecture and composition, and paves the way to mainstream the use of enzymes as probes.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou X, Zhu H. Current understanding of substrate specificity and regioselectivity of LPMOs. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-020-0300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractRenewable biomass such as cellulose and chitin are the most abundant sustainable sources of energy and materials. However, due to the low degradation efficiency of these recalcitrant substrates by conventional hydrolases, these biomass resources cannot be utilized efficiently. In 2010, the discovery of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) led to a major breakthrough. Currently, LPMOs are distributed in 7 families in CAZy database, including AA9–11 and AA13–16, with different species origins, substrate specificity and oxidative regioselectivity. Effective application of LPMOs in the biotransformation of biomass resources needs the elucidation of the molecular basis of their function. Since the discovery of LPMOs, great advances have been made in the study of their substrate specificity and regioselectivity, as well as their structural basis, which will be reviewed below.
Collapse
|
8
|
The Antioxidant Polysaccharide from Semiaquilegia adoxoides (DC.) Makino Adjusts the Immune Response of Mice Infected by Bacteria. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:2719483. [PMID: 32148535 PMCID: PMC7049844 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2719483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Semiaquilegia adoxoides (DC.) Makino is a herbal medicine and it is recorded that its water extract can be used to treat acute diseases caused by bacterial infections. In order to understand the polysaccharide of Semiaquilegia adoxoides (DC.) Makino (SMP), FT-IR and HPLC methods were performed to determine the basic chemical structure and monosaccharide compositions of SMP. The antioxidant capacity of SMP was analyzed by monitoring both the scavenging rate of DPPH and ABTS free radical. To investigate the effects of SMP on the acute bacterial disease, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of SMP on E. coli or S. aureus were detected; meanwhile, mice were administrated with SMP for 7 days and then infected with E. coli or S. aureus, and the parameters were measured at the 9th day. Results showed that SMP was a furanose which was mainly composed of glucose (60.3%) and had certain antioxidant activities. Both MIC values of SMP on E. coli and S. aureus were 250 ml/mL, which means that SMP has no direct antibacterial effects. The mice experiments revealed that SMP had potential effects on immunomodulatory by reducing WBC and the expression of serum IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α and increasing IgM of E. coli or S. aureus infected mice. These findings supported the effect of Semiaquilegia adoxoides (DC.) Makino in folk use with scientific evidence.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang R. Functional characterization of cellulose-degrading AA9 lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases and their potential exploitation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:3229-3243. [PMID: 32076777 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10467-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose-degrading auxiliary activity family 9 (AA9) lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are known to be widely distributed among filamentous fungi and participate in the degradation of lignocellulose via the oxidative cleavage of celluloses, cello-oligosaccharides, or hemicelluloses. AA9 LPMOs have been reported to have extensive interactions with not only cellulases but also oxidases. The addition of AA9 LPMOs can greatly reduce the amount of cellulase needed for saccharification and increase the yield of glucose. The discovery of AA9 LPMOs has greatly changed our understanding of how fungi degrade cellulose. In this review, apart from summarizing the recent discoveries related to their catalytic reaction, functional diversity, and practical applications, the stability, expression system, and protein engineering of AA9 LPMOs are reviewed for the first time. This review may provide a reference value to further broaden the substrate range of AA9 LPMOs, expand the scope of their practical applications, and realize their customization for industrial utilization.Key Points• The stability and expression system of AA9 LPMOs are reviewed for the first time.• The protein engineering of AA9 LPMOs is systematically summarized for the first time.• The latest research results on the catalytic mechanism of AA9 LPMOs are summarized.• The application of AA9 LPMOs and their relationship with other enzymes are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, No. 278 Xueyuannan Road, Huainan, 232038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
de Gouvêa PF, Gerolamo LE, Bernardi AV, Pereira LMS, Uyemura SA, Dinamarco TM. Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase from Aspergillus fumigatus can Improve Enzymatic Cocktail Activity During Sugarcane Bagasse Hydrolysis. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:377-385. [DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666190228163629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases (LPMOs) are auxiliary accessory
enzymes that act synergistically with cellulases and which are increasingly being used in secondgeneration
bioethanol production from biomasses. Several LPMOs have been identified in various
filamentous fungi, including Aspergillus fumigatus. However, many LPMOs have not been characterized
yet.
Objective:
To report the role of uncharacterized A. fumigatus AfAA9_B LPMO.
Methods:
qRT-PCR analysis was employed to analyze the LPMO gene expression profile in different
carbon sources. The gene encoding an AfAA9_B (Afu4g07850) was cloned into the vector pET-
28a(+), expressed in the E. coli strain RosettaTM (DE3) pLysS, and purified by a Ni2+-nitrilotriacetic
(Ni-NTA) agarose resin. To evaluate the specific LPMO activity, the purified protein peroxidase
activity was assessed. The auxiliary LPMO activity was investigated by the synergistic activity in
Celluclast 1.5L enzymatic cocktail.
Results:
LPMO was highly induced in complex biomass like sugarcane bagasse (SEB), Avicel®
PH-101, and CM-cellulose. The LPMO gene encoded a protein comprising 250 amino acids, without
a CBM domain. After protein purification, the AfAA9_B molecular mass estimated by SDSPAGE
was 35 kDa. The purified protein specific peroxidase activity was 8.33 ± 1.9 U g-1. Upon
addition to Celluclast 1.5L, Avicel® PH-101 and SEB hydrolysis increased by 18% and 22%, respectively.
Conclusion:
A. fumigatus LPMO is a promising candidate to enhance the currently available enzymatic
cocktail and can therefore be used in second-generation ethanol production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Fagundes de Gouvêa
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciencias e Letras de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Eduardo Gerolamo
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciencias e Letras de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Vianna Bernardi
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciencias e Letras de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Matheus Soares Pereira
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciencias e Letras de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Akira Uyemura
- Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Taisa Magnani Dinamarco
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciencias e Letras de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hangasky JA, Detomasi TC, Marletta MA. Glycosidic Bond Hydroxylation by Polysaccharide Monooxygenases. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
12
|
Paës G, Navarro D, Benoit Y, Blanquet S, Chabbert B, Chaussepied B, Coutinho PM, Durand S, Grigoriev IV, Haon M, Heux L, Launay C, Margeot A, Nishiyama Y, Raouche S, Rosso MN, Bonnin E, Berrin JG. Tracking of enzymatic biomass deconstruction by fungal secretomes highlights markers of lignocellulose recalcitrance. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:76. [PMID: 30976326 PMCID: PMC6442405 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignocellulose biomass is known as a recalcitrant material towards enzymatic hydrolysis, increasing the process cost in biorefinery. In nature, filamentous fungi naturally degrade lignocellulose, using an arsenal of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes. Assessment of enzyme hydrolysis efficiency generally relies on the yield of glucose for a given biomass. To better understand the markers governing recalcitrance to enzymatic degradation, there is a need to enlarge the set of parameters followed during deconstruction. RESULTS Industrially-pretreated biomass feedstocks from wheat straw, miscanthus and poplar were sequentially hydrolysed following two steps. First, standard secretome from Trichoderma reesei was used to maximize cellulose hydrolysis, producing three recalcitrant lignin-enriched solid substrates. Then fungal secretomes from three basidiomycete saprotrophs (Laetisaria arvalis, Artolenzites elegans and Trametes ljubarskyi) displaying various hydrolytic and oxidative enzymatic profiles were applied to these recalcitrant substrates, and compared to the T. reesei secretome. As a result, most of the glucose was released after the first hydrolysis step. After the second hydrolysis step, half of the remaining glucose amount was released. Overall, glucose yield after the two sequential hydrolyses was more dependent on the biomass source than on the fungal secretomes enzymatic profile. Solid residues obtained after the two hydrolysis steps were characterized using complementary methodologies. Correlation analysis of several physico-chemical parameters showed that released glucose yield was negatively correlated with lignin content and cellulose crystallinity while positively correlated with xylose content and water sorption. Water sorption appears as a pivotal marker of the recalcitrance as it reflects chemical and structural properties of lignocellulosic biomass. CONCLUSIONS Fungal secretomes applied to highly recalcitrant biomass samples can further extend the release of the remaining glucose. The glucose yield can be correlated to chemical and physical markers, which appear to be independent from the biomass type and secretome. Overall, correlations between these markers reveal how nano-scale properties (polymer content and organization) influence macro-scale properties (particle size and water sorption). Further systematic assessment of these markers during enzymatic degradation will foster the development of novel cocktails to unlock the degradation of lignocellulose biomass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Paës
- FARE Laboratory, INRA, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - David Navarro
- INRA, Aix Marseille Univ., UMR1163, BBF, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Marseille, France
- INRA, Aix-Marseille Univ., UMR1163, CIRM-CF, Marseille, France
| | - Yves Benoit
- IFP Energies Nouvelles, Rueil-Malmaison, France
| | | | - Brigitte Chabbert
- FARE Laboratory, INRA, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | | | - Pedro M. Coutinho
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ., UMR7857 AFMB, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvie Durand
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, Nantes, France
| | - Igor V. Grigoriev
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Mireille Haon
- INRA, Aix Marseille Univ., UMR1163, BBF, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Heux
- CNRS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CERMAV, Grenoble, France
| | - Charlène Launay
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Sana Raouche
- INRA, Aix Marseille Univ., UMR1163, BBF, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Rosso
- INRA, Aix Marseille Univ., UMR1163, BBF, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Marseille, France
| | - Estelle Bonnin
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Guy Berrin
- INRA, Aix Marseille Univ., UMR1163, BBF, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lambert E, Aguié-Béghin V, Dessaint D, Foulon L, Chabbert B, Paës G, Molinari M. Real Time and Quantitative Imaging of Lignocellulosic Films Hydrolysis by Atomic Force Microscopy Reveals Lignin Recalcitrance at Nanoscale. Biomacromolecules 2018; 20:515-527. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eléonore Lambert
- LRN EA 4682, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51685 Reims, France
| | | | - Delphine Dessaint
- FARE Laboratory, INRA, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100, Reims, France
| | - Laurence Foulon
- FARE Laboratory, INRA, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100, Reims, France
| | - Brigitte Chabbert
- FARE Laboratory, INRA, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100, Reims, France
| | - Gabriel Paës
- FARE Laboratory, INRA, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100, Reims, France
| | - Michaël Molinari
- LRN EA 4682, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51685 Reims, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bissaro B, Várnai A, Røhr ÅK, Eijsink VGH. Oxidoreductases and Reactive Oxygen Species in Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2018; 82:e00029-18. [PMID: 30257993 PMCID: PMC6298611 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00029-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomass constitutes an appealing alternative to fossil resources for the production of materials and energy. The abundance and attractiveness of vegetal biomass come along with challenges pertaining to the intricacy of its structure, evolved during billions of years to face and resist abiotic and biotic attacks. To achieve the daunting goal of plant cell wall decomposition, microorganisms have developed many (enzymatic) strategies, from which we seek inspiration to develop biotechnological processes. A major breakthrough in the field has been the discovery of enzymes today known as lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs), which, by catalyzing the oxidative cleavage of recalcitrant polysaccharides, allow canonical hydrolytic enzymes to depolymerize the biomass more efficiently. Very recently, it has been shown that LPMOs are not classical monooxygenases in that they can also use hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidant. This discovery calls for a revision of our understanding of how lignocellulolytic enzymes are connected since H2O2 is produced and used by several of them. The first part of this review is dedicated to the LPMO paradigm, describing knowns, unknowns, and uncertainties. We then present different lignocellulolytic redox systems, enzymatic or not, that depend on fluxes of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Based on an assessment of these putatively interconnected systems, we suggest that fine-tuning of H2O2 levels and proximity between sites of H2O2 production and consumption are important for fungal biomass conversion. In the last part of this review, we discuss how our evolving understanding of redox processes involved in biomass depolymerization may translate into industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Bissaro
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Anikó Várnai
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Åsmund K Røhr
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Vincent G H Eijsink
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Recent insights into lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs). Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:1431-1447. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20170549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are copper enzymes discovered within the last 10 years. By degrading recalcitrant substrates oxidatively, these enzymes are major contributors to the recycling of carbon in nature and are being used in the biorefinery industry. Recently, two new families of LPMOs have been defined and structurally characterized, AA14 and AA15, sharing many of previously found structural features. However, unlike most LPMOs to date, AA14 degrades xylan in the context of complex substrates, while AA15 is particularly interesting because they expand the presence of LPMOs from the predominantly microbial to the animal kingdom. The first two neutron crystallography structures have been determined, which, together with high-resolution room temperature X-ray structures, have putatively identified oxygen species at or near the active site of LPMOs. Many recent computational and experimental studies have also investigated the mechanism of action and substrate-binding mode of LPMOs. Perhaps, the most significant recent advance is the increasing structural and biochemical evidence, suggesting that LPMOs follow different mechanistic pathways with different substrates, co-substrates and reductants, by behaving as monooxygenases or peroxygenases with molecular oxygen or hydrogen peroxide as a co-substrate, respectively.
Collapse
|
16
|
Frommhagen M, Westphal AH, van Berkel WJH, Kabel MA. Distinct Substrate Specificities and Electron-Donating Systems of Fungal Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1080. [PMID: 29896168 PMCID: PMC5987398 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are powerful enzymes that oxidatively cleave glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides. The ability of these copper enzymes to boost the degradation of lignocellulose has greatly stimulated research efforts and biocatalytic applications within the biorefinery field. Initially found as oxidizing recalcitrant substrates, such as chitin and cellulose, it is now clear that LPMOs cleave a broad range of oligo- and poly-saccharides and make use of various electron-donating systems. Herein, substrate specificities and electron-donating systems of fungal LPMOs are summarized. A closer look at LPMOs as part of the fungal enzyme machinery might provide insights into their role in fungal growth and plant-pathogen interactions to further stimulate the search for novel LPMO applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Frommhagen
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Adrie H Westphal
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Willem J H van Berkel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam A Kabel
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|