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Ishii Y, Nakao H, Mizumaki M, Wakabayashi Y, Arima TH, Yamasaki Y. Topological charge of soft X-ray vortex beam determined by inline holography. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1044. [PMID: 35058482 PMCID: PMC8776782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04933-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) vortex beam having a spiral wavefront can be characterized by its topological charge (TC). The TC gives the number of times that the beam phase passes through the interval [Formula: see text] following a closed loop surrounding the propagation axis. Here, the TC spectra of soft X-ray vortex beams are acquired using the in-line holography technique, where interference between vortex waves produced from a fork grating and divergent waves from a Fresnel zone plate is observed as a holographic image. The analyses revealed the phase distributions and the TC for the LG vortex waves, which reflects topological number of the fork gratings, as well as for the Hermite-Gaussian (HG) mode waves generated from the other gratings. We also conducted a simulation of the present technique for pair annihilation of topological defects in a magnetic texture. These results may pave the way for development of probes capable of characterizing the topological numbers of magnetic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Ishii
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Hironori Nakao
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, 305-0801, Japan
| | - Masaichiro Mizumaki
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI/SPring-8), Sayo, 679-5198, Japan
| | | | - Taka-Hisa Arima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yamasaki
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, 305-0801, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Japan
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, 305-0047, Japan
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Turnbull LA, Birch MT, Laurenson A, Bukin N, Burgos-Parra EO, Popescu H, Wilson MN, Stefančič A, Balakrishnan G, Ogrin FY, Hatton PD. Tilted X-Ray Holography of Magnetic Bubbles in MnNiGa Lamellae. ACS NANO 2021; 15:387-395. [PMID: 33119252 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscopic lamellae of centrosymmetric ferromagnetic alloys have recently been reported to host the biskyrmion spin texture; however, this has been disputed as the misidentication of topologically trivial type-II magnetic bubbles. Here we demonstrate resonant soft X-ray holographic imaging of topological magnetic states in lamellae of the centrosymmetric alloy (Mn1-xNix)0.65Ga0.35 (x = 0.5), showing the presence of magnetic stripes evolving into single core magnetic bubbles. We observe rotation of the stripe phase via the nucleation and destruction of disclination defects. This indicates the system behaves as a conventional uniaxial ferromagnet. By utilizing the holography with extended reference by autocorrelation linear differential operator (HERALDO) method, we show tilted holographic images at 30° incidence confirming the presence of type-II magnetic bubbles in this system. This study demonstrates the utility of X-ray imaging techniques in identifying the topology of localized structures in nanoscale magnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Turnbull
- Centre for Materials Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE United Kingdom
| | - Max T Birch
- Centre for Materials Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE United Kingdom
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, OX11 0DE United Kingdom
| | - Angus Laurenson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QL United Kingdom
| | - Nick Bukin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QL United Kingdom
| | | | - Horia Popescu
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Murray N Wilson
- Centre for Materials Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE United Kingdom
| | - Aleš Stefančič
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL United Kingdom
| | - Geetha Balakrishnan
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL United Kingdom
| | - Feodor Y Ogrin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QL United Kingdom
| | - Peter D Hatton
- Centre for Materials Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE United Kingdom
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