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Im H, Pearson ML, Martinez E, Cichos KH, Song X, Kruckow KL, Andrews RM, Ghanem ES, Orihuela CJ. Targeting NAD+ regeneration enhances antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae during invasive disease. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002020. [PMID: 36928033 PMCID: PMC10019625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic bacteria are responsible for half of all pulmonary infections. One such pathogen is Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn), a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia, bacteremia/sepsis, and meningitis. Using a panel of isogenic mutants deficient in lactate, acetyl-CoA, and ethanol fermentation, as well as pharmacological inhibition, we observed that NAD(H) redox balance during fermentation was vital for Spn energy generation, capsule production, and in vivo fitness. Redox balance disruption in fermentation pathway-specific fashion substantially enhanced susceptibility to killing in antimicrobial class-specific manner. Blocking of alcohol dehydrogenase activity with 4-methylpyrazole (fomepizole), an FDA-approved drug used as an antidote for toxic alcohol ingestion, enhanced susceptibility of multidrug-resistant Spn to erythromycin and reduced bacterial burden in the lungs of mice with pneumonia and prevented the development of invasive disease. Our results indicate fermentation enzymes are de novo targets for antibiotic development and a novel strategy to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansol Im
- Department of Microbiology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Madison L. Pearson
- Department of Microbiology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Eriel Martinez
- Department of Microbiology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Kyle H. Cichos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Arthroplasty Section, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Xiuhong Song
- Department of Microbiology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Katherine L. Kruckow
- Department of Microbiology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Rachel M. Andrews
- Department of Microbiology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Elie S. Ghanem
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Arthroplasty Section, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Carlos J. Orihuela
- Department of Microbiology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
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de Moura HL, Menon RG, Zibetti MVW, Regatte RR. Optimization of spin-lock times for T 1ρ mapping of human knee cartilage with bi- and stretched-exponential models. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16829. [PMID: 36207361 PMCID: PMC9546896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Two optimization criteria based on Cramér-Rao Bounds are compared between each other and with non-optimized schedules for T1ρ mapping using synthetic data, model phantoms, and in-vivo knee cartilage. The curve fitting is done on complex-valued data using an iterative Nonlinear Least Squares (NLS) approach. The optimization criteria are compared based on the Mean Normalized Absolute Error (MNAE) and variance of the estimated parameters. The optimized spin-lock time (TSL) schedules provided improved results over the non-optimized schedules for all cases that were tested. The simulations showed that optimized schedules can reach the same precision and reduce acquisition times by 16.5 min (42%) for the bi-exponential model, and 6.6 min (22%) for the stretched-exponential model. In the model phantoms experiments, the bi-exponential MNAE was reduced from 0.47 to 0.36, while stretched-exponential from 0.28 to 0.20 with a Modified Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (MCRLB). In-vivo knee cartilage experiments show a reduction in bi-exponential MNAE from 0.47 to 0.31, and stretched-exponential from 0.047 to 0.039. The optimized spin-lock times criteria reduced the error in all cases, being more significant in the synthetic data and model phantoms. The optimized TSL schedules can be either used to improve the quality of parameter maps or reduce scan time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector L. de Moura
- grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Rajiv G. Menon
- grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Marcelo V. W. Zibetti
- grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Ravinder R. Regatte
- grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
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Arip M, Tan LF, Jayaraj R, Abdullah M, Rajagopal M, Selvaraja M. Exploration of biomarkers for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of cervical cancer: a review. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:91. [PMID: 36152065 PMCID: PMC9509511 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00551-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As the fourth most diagnosed cancer, cervical cancer (CC) is one of the major causes of cancer-related mortality affecting females globally, particularly when diagnosed at advanced stage. Discoveries of CC biomarkers pave the road to precision medicine for better patient outcomes. High throughput omics technologies, characterized by big data production further accelerate the process. To date, various CC biomarkers have been discovered through the advancement in technologies. Despite, very few have successfully translated into clinical practice due to the paucity of validation through large scale clinical studies. While vast amounts of data are generated by the omics technologies, challenges arise in identifying the clinically relevant data for translational research as analyses of single-level omics approaches rarely provide causal relations. Integrative multi-omics approaches across different levels of cellular function enable better comprehension of the fundamental biology of CC by highlighting the interrelationships of the involved biomolecules and their function, aiding in identification of novel integrated biomarker profile for precision medicine. Establishment of a worldwide Early Detection Research Network (EDRN) system helps accelerating the pace of biomarker translation. To fill the research gap, we review the recent research progress on CC biomarker development from the application of high throughput omics technologies with sections covering genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masita Arip
- Allergy & Immunology Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lee Fang Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Rama Jayaraj
- Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, 0909, Australia
| | - Maha Abdullah
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Jalan Serdang, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mogana Rajagopal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Malarvili Selvaraja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Klein TJ, Gill S, Ebert MA, Grogan G, Smith W, Alkhatib Z, Geraghty J, Scott AJD, Brown A, Rowshanfarzad P. CyberKnife Xsight versus fiducial-based target-tracking: a novel 3D dosimetric comparison in a dynamic phantom. Radiat Oncol 2022; 17:154. [PMID: 36076249 PMCID: PMC9461108 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-022-02123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The CyberKnife Xsight lung-tracking system (XLTS) provides an alternative to fiducial-based target-tracking systems (FTTS) for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients without invasive fiducial insertion procedures. This study provides a method for 3D independent dosimetric verification of the accuracy of the FTTS compared to the XLTS without relying on log-files generated by the CyberKnife system. Methods A respiratory motion trace was taken from a 4D-CT of a real lung cancer patient and applied to a modified QUASAR™ respiratory motion phantom. A novel approach to 3D dosimetry was developed using Gafchromic EBT3 film, allowing the 3D dose distribution delivered to the moving phantom to be reconstructed. Treatments were planned using the recommended margins for one and three fiducial markers and XLTS 2-view, 1-view and 0-view target-tracking modalities. The dose delivery accuracy was analysed by comparing the reconstructed dose distributions to the planned dose distributions using gamma index analysis. Results For the 3%/2 mm gamma criterion, gamma passing rates up to 99.37% were observed for the static deliveries. The 3-fiducial and 1-fiducial-based deliveries exhibited passing rates of 93.74% and 97.82%, respectively, in the absence of target rotation. When target rotation was considered, the passing rate for 1-fiducial tracking degraded to 91.24%. The passing rates observed for XLTS 2-view, 1-view and 0-view target-tracking were 92.78%, 96.22% and 76.08%, respectively. Conclusions Except for the XLTS 0-view, the dosimetric accuracy of the XLTS was comparable to the FTTS under equivalent treatment conditions. This study gives us further confidence in the CyberKnife XLTS and FTTS systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Klein
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Mailbag M013, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Suki Gill
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Mailbag M013, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Martin A Ebert
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Mailbag M013, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Garry Grogan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Radiotherapy Physics Department, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Warwick Smith
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Mailbag M013, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Zaid Alkhatib
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - John Geraghty
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Alison J D Scott
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Alan Brown
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Pejman Rowshanfarzad
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Mailbag M013, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
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Baek JH, Kim KH, Lee Y, Jeong SE, Jin HM, Jia B, Jeon CO. Elucidating the biodegradation pathway and catabolic genes of benzophenone-3 in Rhodococcus sp. S2-17. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 299:118890. [PMID: 35085657 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A new bacterium, Rhodococcus sp. S2-17, which could completely degrade an emerging organic pollutant, benzophenone-3 (BP-3), was isolated from contaminated sediment through an enrichment procedure, and its BP-3 catabolic pathway and genes were identified through metabolic intermediate and transcriptomic analyses and biochemical and genetic studies. Metabolic intermediate analysis suggested that strain S2-17 may degrade BP-3 using a catabolic pathway progressing via the intermediates BP-1, 2,4,5-trihydroxy-benzophenone, 3-hydroxy-4-benzoyl-2,4-hexadienedioic acid, 4-benzoyl-3-oxoadipic acid, 3-oxoadipic acid, and benzoic acid. A putative BP-3 catabolic gene cluster including cytochrome P450, flavin-dependent oxidoreductase, hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase, maleylacetate reductase, and α/β hydrolase genes was identified through genomic and transcriptomic analyses. Genes encoding the cytochrome P450 complex that demethylates BP-3 to BP-1 were functionally verified through protein expression, and the functions of the other genes were also verified through knockout mutant construction and intermediate analysis. This study suggested that strain S2-17 might have acquired the ability to catabolize BP-3 by recruiting the cytochrome P450 complex and α/β hydrolase, which hydrolyzes 4-benzoyl-3-oxoadipic acid to benzoic acid and 3-oxoadipic acid, genes, providing insights into the recruitment of genes of for the catabolism of emerging organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hye Baek
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunhee Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea; Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Mi Jin
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Baolei Jia
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Che Ok Jeon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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Adak P, Sinha S, Banerjee N. An Association Study of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor Variants and Susceptibility to Autism Spectrum Disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 51:4043-4053. [PMID: 33442857 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04865-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this pilot study, we aim to identify the role of few genetic variants of GABA-receptor type A subunits GABRB3 (rs4906902, rs7171660), GABRG3 (rs208129, rs140679), GABRA5 (rs 140681) in the aetiology of autism spectrum disorders in a population of West Bengal. 192 ASD probands, their parents and 184 ethnically-matched healthy controls were recruited for the study. The rs4906902G and the rs140679T conferred significant risk towards ASD. rs7171660 and rs140679 had transmission bias in the family. Neither alleles of rs 208129 and rs 140681 showed significant over-representation in either groups. All these variants were associated with at least one deficit in ASD-associated phenotypes like 'relating to people', 'Imitation', 'emotional response', 'body use', 'taste, smell, touch response' and 'activity levels'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallabi Adak
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482 Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector J, E.M. Bypass, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700107, India
| | - Swagata Sinha
- Out Patient Department, Manovikas Kendra, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700107, India
| | - Nilanjana Banerjee
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482 Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector J, E.M. Bypass, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700107, India.
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Cloning, overexpression, purification, characterization and structural modelling of a metabolically active Fe 2+ dependent 2,6-dichloro-p-hydroquinone 1,2-dioxygenase (CpsA) from Bacillus cereus strain AOA-CPS_1. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:247-257. [PMID: 32512093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
2,6-Dichloro-p-hydroquinone (DiCHQ) aromatic-ring cleavage by DiCHQ 1,2-dioxygenase (CpsA) is very crucial for complete transformation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) to 2-chloromaleylacetate in Bacillus cereus AOA-CPS_1 (BcAOA). The 978 bp gene (cpsA) was detected and amplified in the genome of BcAOA; cloned, overexpressed and purified to homogeneity. CpsA showed a single ≅36.9 kDa protein band on SDS-PAGE and exhibited optimum activity at 30 °C and pH 9.0. CpsA was stable between 20 °C and 40 °C, and also retained about 90% of its activity at 60 °C for 120 min. The enzyme retained about 90% activity between pH 9.0 and 11.5 and 60% activity at pH 13.0. CpsA was found to be Fe2+ dependent as about 90% increased activity was observed in the presence of FeSO4. CpsA showed apparent vmax, Km, kcat and kcat/Km of 27.77 ± 0.9 μMs-1, 0.990 ± 0.03 mM, 4.20 ± 0.04 s-1 and 4.24 ± 0.03 s-1 mM-1, respectively at pH 9.0. Analysis of the reaction products via GC-MS confirmed 2-chloromaleylacetate as the ring-cleavage product. CpsA 3D structure revealed a conserved 2-His-1-carboxylate facial triad motif (His 9, His 244 and Thr 11), with Fe3+ at the centre. Findings from this study provide new insights into the involvement of this enzyme in PCP degradation and suggests alternate possible mechanism of ring-cleavage by dioxygenases.
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Yuan H, Xu Y, Luo Y, Wang NX, Xiao JH. Role of Nrf2 in cell senescence regulation. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:247-259. [PMID: 32918185 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03901-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor known to be involved in maintaining cell redox balance and signal transduction and plays central role in reducing intracellular oxidative stress damage, delaying cell senescence and preventing age-related diseases. However, it has been shown that the level of Nrf2 decreases with age and that the silencing of the Nrf2 gene is associated with the induction of premature senescence. Therefore, a plethora of researchers have focused on elucidating the regulatory mechanism of Nrf2 in the prevention of cell senescence. This complex regulatory mechanism of Nrf2 in the cell senescence process involves coordinated regulation of multiple signaling molecules. After summarizing the function of Nrf2 and its relationship with cell senescence pathway, this review focuses on the recent advances and progress made in elucidating the regulatory mechanism of Nrf2 in the cell senescence process. Additionally, the information collected here may provide insights for further research on Nrf2, in particular, on its regulatory mechanism in the cell senescence process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yuan
- Zunyi Municiptal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- Zunyi Municiptal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou Provincial Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Luo
- Zunyi Municiptal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou Provincial Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People's Republic of China
| | - Nuo-Xin Wang
- Zunyi Municiptal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou Provincial Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hui Xiao
- Zunyi Municiptal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People's Republic of China. .,Guizhou Provincial Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People's Republic of China. .,Zunyi Municiptal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, 563003, People's Republic of China.
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Soil and foliar application of rock dust as natural control agent for two-spotted spider mites on tomato plants. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12108. [PMID: 32694587 PMCID: PMC7374085 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mineral-based products represent a valid alternative to synthetic pesticides in integrated pest management. We investigated the effects of a novel granite dust product as an agent for controlling two-spotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), on tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Two-choice tests for repellency and repulsiveness, and no-choice bioassays with different type of applications (soil, foliar, and soil–foliar) were used in order to evaluate performance and action of the product. Evaluation of epidermal micromorphology and mesophyll structure of treated plants and elemental analyses of leaves were performed. In repulsiveness experiments, almost all dust treatments significantly inhibited mites from migrating to and/or settling on the treated leaf. In repellency experiments, foliar and soil dust treatments were not significantly different from control. Significant mortality was observed for all dust treatments in two-choice and in no-choice bioassays, suggesting mites are susceptible to rock dust by contact, and by indirect interaction through the feeding on plants subjected to soil application of rock dust. Leaf epidermal micromorphology and mesophyll structure of treated plants showed structural variation due to mineral accumulation, which was also confirmed by elemental analyses of leaves. These results demonstrate for the first time that granite rock dust interacts with two-spotted spider mites by modifying pest behavior and via acaricidal action, providing more insights in understanding the mechanism of this novel natural product as pest management tool.
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Chen H, Li Y, Zhang Z, Wang S. Immunomagnetic separation of circulating tumor cells with microfluidic chips and their clinical applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:041502. [PMID: 32849973 PMCID: PMC7440929 DOI: 10.1063/5.0005373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells detached from the original lesion and getting into the blood and lymphatic circulation systems. They potentially establish new tumors in remote areas, namely, metastasis. Isolation of CTCs and following biological molecular analysis facilitate investigating cancer and coming out treatment. Since CTCs carry important information on the primary tumor, they are vital in exploring the mechanism of cancer, metastasis, and diagnosis. However, CTCs are very difficult to separate due to their extreme heterogeneity and rarity in blood. Recently, advanced technologies, such as nanosurfaces, quantum dots, and Raman spectroscopy, have been integrated with microfluidic chips. These achievements enable the next generation isolation technologies and subsequent biological analysis of CTCs. In this review, we summarize CTCs' separation with microfluidic chips based on the principle of immunomagnetic isolation of CTCs. Fundamental insights, clinical applications, and potential future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Chen
- School of Mathematics and Physics of Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Mathematics and Physics of Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Shuangshou Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China
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