1
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Schoenmakers JWA, López-Álvarez M, IJpma FFA, Wouthuyzen-Bakker M, McNamara JO, van Oosten M, Jutte PC, van Dijl JM. A fluorogenic micrococcal nuclease-based probe for fast detection and optical imaging of Staphylococcus aureus in prosthetic joint and fracture-related infections. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:2988-2997. [PMID: 37962617 PMCID: PMC11300479 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06499-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Staphylococcus aureus is the most common and impactful multi-drug resistant pathogen implicated in (periprosthetic) joint infections (PJI) and fracture-related infections (FRI). Therefore, the present proof-of-principle study was aimed at the rapid detection of S. aureus in synovial fluids and biofilms on extracted osteosynthesis materials through bacteria-targeted fluorescence imaging with the 'smart-activatable' DNA-based AttoPolyT probe. This fluorogenic oligonucleotide probe yields large fluorescence increases upon cleavage by micrococcal nuclease, an enzyme secreted by S. aureus. METHODS Synovial fluids from patients with suspected PJI and extracted osteosynthesis materials from trauma patients with suspected FRI were inspected for S. aureus nuclease activity with the AttoPolyT probe. Biofilms on osteosynthesis materials were imaged with the AttoPolyT probe and a vancomycin-IRDye800CW conjugate (vanco-800CW) specific for Gram-positive bacteria. RESULTS 38 synovial fluid samples were collected and analyzed. Significantly higher fluorescence levels were measured for S. aureus-positive samples compared to, respectively, other Gram-positive bacterial pathogens (p < 0.0001), Gram-negative bacterial pathogens (p = 0.0038) and non-infected samples (p = 0.0030), allowing a diagnosis of S. aureus-associated PJI within 2 h. Importantly, S. aureus-associated biofilms on extracted osteosynthesis materials from patients with FRI were accurately imaged with the AttoPolyT probe, allowing their correct distinction from biofilms formed by other Gram-positive bacteria detected with vanco-800CW within 15 min. CONCLUSION The present study highlights the potential clinical value of the AttoPolyT probe for fast and accurate detection of S. aureus infection in synovial fluids and biofilms on extracted osteosynthesis materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorrit W A Schoenmakers
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Hanzeplein 1, 9700RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marina López-Álvarez
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Hanzeplein 1, 9700RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank F A IJpma
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjan Wouthuyzen-Bakker
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Hanzeplein 1, 9700RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marleen van Oosten
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Hanzeplein 1, 9700RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul C Jutte
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Hanzeplein 1, 9700RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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2
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Skelly JD, Chen F, Chang SY, Ujjwal RR, Ghimire A, Ayers DC, Song J. Modulating On-Demand Release of Vancomycin from Implant Coatings via Chemical Modification of a Micrococcal Nuclease-Sensitive Oligonucleotide Linker. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:37174-37183. [PMID: 37525332 PMCID: PMC10421633 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Periprosthetic infections are one of the most serious complications in orthopedic surgeries, and those caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) are particularly hard to treat due to their tendency to form biofilms on implants and their notorious ability to invade the surrounding bones. The existing prophylactic local antibiotic deliveries involve excessive drug loading doses that could risk the development of drug resistance strains. Utilizing an oligonucleotide linker sensitive to micrococcal nuclease (MN) cleavage, we previously developed an implant coating capable of releasing covalently tethered vancomycin, triggered by S. aureus-secreted MN, to prevent periprosthetic infections in the mouse intramedullary (IM) canal. To further engineer this exciting platform to meet broader clinical needs, here, we chemically modified the oligonucleotide linker by a combination of 2'-O-methylation and phosphorothioate modification to achieve additional modulation of its stability/sensitivity to MN and the kinetics of MN-triggered on-demand release. We found that when all phosphodiester bonds within the oligonucleotide linker 5'-carboxy-mCmGTTmCmG-3-acrydite, except for the one between TT, were replaced by phosphorothioate, the oligonucleotide (6PS) stability significantly increased and enabled the most sustained release of tethered vancomycin from the coating. By contrast, when only the peripheral phosphodiester bonds at the 5'- and 3'-ends were replaced by phosphorothioate, the resulting oligonucleotide (2PS) linker was cleaved by MN more rapidly than that without any PS modifications (0PS). Using a rat femoral canal periprosthetic infection model where 1000 CFU S. aureus was inoculated at the time of IM pin insertion, we showed that the prophylactic implant coating containing either 0PS- or 2PS-modified oligonucleotide linker effectively eradicated the bacteria by enabling the rapid on-demand release of vancomycin. No bacteria were detected from the explanted pins, and no signs of cortical bone changes were detected in these treatment groups throughout the 3 month follow-ups. With an antibiotic tethering dose significantly lower than conventional antibiotic-bearing bone cements, these coatings also exhibited excellent biocompatibility. These chemically modified oligonucleotides could help tailor prophylactic anti-infective coating strategies to meet a range of clinical challenges where the risks for S. aureus prosthetic infections range from transient to long-lasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D Skelly
- Department of Orthopedics and Physical Rehabilitation, UMass Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, United States
| | - Feiyang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics and Physical Rehabilitation, UMass Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, United States
| | - Shing-Yun Chang
- Department of Orthopedics and Physical Rehabilitation, UMass Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, United States
| | - Rewati R Ujjwal
- Department of Orthopedics and Physical Rehabilitation, UMass Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, United States
| | - Ananta Ghimire
- Department of Orthopedics and Physical Rehabilitation, UMass Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, United States
| | - David C Ayers
- Department of Orthopedics and Physical Rehabilitation, UMass Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, United States
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Orthopedics and Physical Rehabilitation, UMass Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, UMass Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, United States
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3
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Garcia Gonzalez J, Hernandez FJ. Nuclease activity: an exploitable biomarker in bacterial infections. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2022; 22:265-294. [PMID: 35240900 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2022.2049249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the increasingly challenging field of clinical microbiology, diagnosis is a cornerstone whose accuracy and timing are crucial for the successful management, therapy, and outcome of infectious diseases. Currently employed biomarkers of infectious diseases define the scope and limitations of diagnostic techniques. As such, expanding the biomarker catalog is crucial to address unmet needs and bring about novel diagnostic functionalities and applications. AREAS COVERED This review describes the extracellular nucleases of 15 relevant bacterial pathogens and discusses the potential use of nuclease activity as a diagnostic biomarker. Articles were searched for in PubMed using terms: "nuclease", "bacteria", "nuclease activity" or "biomarker". For overview sections, original and review articles between 2000 and 2019 were searched for using terms: "infections", "diagnosis", "bacterial", "burden", "challenges". Informative articles were selected. EXPERT OPINION Using the catalytic activity of nucleases offers new possibilities compared to established biomarkers. Nucleic acid activatable reporters in combination with different transduction platforms and delivery methods can be used to detect disease-associated nuclease activity patterns in vitro and in vivo for prognostic and diagnostic applications. Even when these patterns are not obvious or of unknown etiology, screening platforms could be used to identify new disease reporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Garcia Gonzalez
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Linköping, Sweden.,Nucleic Acids Technologies Laboratory (NAT-lab), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Frank J Hernandez
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Linköping, Sweden.,Nucleic Acids Technologies Laboratory (NAT-lab), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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4
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Forson AM, Rosman CWK, van Kooten TG, van der Mei HC, Sjollema J. Micrococcal Nuclease stimulates Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation in a Murine Implant Infection Model. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:799845. [PMID: 35111695 PMCID: PMC8801922 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.799845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancements in contemporary medicine have led to an increasing life expectancy which has broadened the application of biomaterial implants. As each implant procedure has an innate risk of infection, the number of biomaterial-associated infections keeps rising. Staphylococcus aureus causes 34% of such infections and is known as a potent biofilm producer. By secreting micrococcal nuclease S. aureus is able to escape neutrophil extracellular traps by cleaving their DNA-backbone. Also, micrococcal nuclease potentially limits biofilm growth and adhesion by cleaving extracellular DNA, an important constituent of biofilms. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of micrococcal nuclease on infection persistence and biofilm formation in a murine biomaterial-associated infection-model with polyvinylidene-fluoride mesh implants inoculated with bioluminescent S. aureus or its isogenic micrococcal nuclease deficient mutant. Supported by results based on in-vivo bioluminescence imaging, ex-vivo colony forming unit counts, and histological analysis it was found that production of micrococcal nuclease enables S. aureus bacteria to evade the immune response around an implant resulting in a persistent infection. As a novel finding, histological analysis provided clear indications that the production of micrococcal nuclease stimulates S. aureus to form biofilms, the presence of which extended neutrophil extracellular trap formation up to 13 days after mesh implantation. Since micrococcal nuclease production appeared vital for the persistence of S. aureus biomaterial-associated infection, targeting its production could be a novel strategy in preventing biomaterial-associated infection.
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5
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Influence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of antimicrobials on micrococcal nuclease and biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13241. [PMID: 34168199 PMCID: PMC8225913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92619-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A major contributor to biomaterial associated infection (BAI) is Staphylococcus aureus. This pathogen produces a protective biofilm, making eradication difficult. Biofilms are composed of bacteria encapsulated in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) comprising polysaccharides, proteins and extracellular DNA (eDNA). S. aureus also produces micrococcal nuclease (MN), an endonuclease which contributes to biofilm composition and dispersion, mainly expressed by nuc1. MN expression can be modulated by sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations of antimicrobials. We investigated the relation between the biofilm and MN expression and the impact of the application of antimicrobial pressure on this relation. Planktonic and biofilm cultures of three S. aureus strains, including a nuc1 deficient strain, were cultured under antimicrobial pressure. Results do not confirm earlier findings that MN directly influences total biomass of the biofilm but indicated that nuc1 deletion stimulates the polysaccharide production per CFU in the biofilm in in vitro biofilms. Though antimicrobial pressure of certain antibiotics resulted in significantly increased quantities of polysaccharides per CFU, this did not coincide with significantly reduced MN activity. Erythromycin and resveratrol significantly reduced MN production per CFU but did not affect total biomass or biomass/CFU. Reduction of MN production may assist in the eradication of biofilms by the host immune system in clinical situations.
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6
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Peñate Medina T, Kolb JP, Hüttmann G, Huber R, Peñate Medina O, Ha L, Ulloa P, Larsen N, Ferrari A, Rafecas M, Ellrichmann M, Pravdivtseva MS, Anikeeva M, Humbert J, Both M, Hundt JE, Hövener JB. Imaging Inflammation - From Whole Body Imaging to Cellular Resolution. Front Immunol 2021; 12:692222. [PMID: 34248987 PMCID: PMC8264453 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.692222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging techniques have evolved impressively lately, allowing whole new concepts like multimodal imaging, personal medicine, theranostic therapies, and molecular imaging to increase general awareness of possiblities of imaging to medicine field. Here, we have collected the selected (3D) imaging modalities and evaluated the recent findings on preclinical and clinical inflammation imaging. The focus has been on the feasibility of imaging to aid in inflammation precision medicine, and the key challenges and opportunities of the imaging modalities are presented. Some examples of the current usage in clinics/close to clinics have been brought out as an example. This review evaluates the future prospects of the imaging technologies for clinical applications in precision medicine from the pre-clinical development point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuula Peñate Medina
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center, Schleswig-Holstein Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tuula Peñate Medina, ; Jan-Bernd Hövener,
| | - Jan Philip Kolb
- Institute of Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gereon Hüttmann
- Institute of Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - Robert Huber
- Institute of Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Oula Peñate Medina
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center, Schleswig-Holstein Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (IET), University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Linh Ha
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Lübeck (UKSH), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Patricia Ulloa
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Centers Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Naomi Larsen
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Centers Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Arianna Ferrari
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center, Schleswig-Holstein Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Magdalena Rafecas
- Institute of Medical Engineering (IMT), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mark Ellrichmann
- Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, Medical Department1, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mariya S. Pravdivtseva
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center, Schleswig-Holstein Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Centers Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mariia Anikeeva
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center, Schleswig-Holstein Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jana Humbert
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center, Schleswig-Holstein Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Centers Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marcus Both
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Centers Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jennifer E. Hundt
- Lübeck Institute for Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center, Schleswig-Holstein Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tuula Peñate Medina, ; Jan-Bernd Hövener,
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7
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López-Álvarez M, Heuker M, Schoenmakers JWA, van Dam GM, McNamara JO, van Dijl JM, van Oosten M. The smart activatable P2&3TT probe allows accurate, fast, and highly sensitive detection of Staphylococcus aureus in clinical blood culture samples. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19216. [PMID: 33154413 PMCID: PMC7645595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. Yet, there is currently no adequate diagnostic test for early and rapid diagnosis of SAB. Therefore, this study was aimed at exploring the potential for clinical implementation of a nuclease-activatable fluorescent probe for early diagnosis of SAB. To this end, clinical blood culture samples from patients with bloodstream infections were incubated for 1 h with the "smart" activatable P2&3TT probe, the total assay time being less than 2 h. Cleavage of this probe by the secreted S. aureus enzyme micrococcal nuclease results in emission of a readily detectable fluorescence signal. Incubation of S. aureus-positive blood culture samples with the P2&3TT probe resulted in 50-fold higher fluorescence intensity levels than incubation with culture-negative samples. Moreover, incubation of the probe with non-S. aureus-positive blood cultures yielded essentially background fluorescence intensity levels for cultures with Gram-negative bacteria, and only ~ 3.5-fold increased fluorescence intensity levels over background for cultures with non-S. aureus Gram-positive bacteria. Importantly, the measured fluorescence intensities were dose-dependent, and a positive signal was clearly detectable for S. aureus-positive blood cultures with bacterial loads as low as ~ 7,000 colony-forming units/mL. Thus, the nuclease-activatable P2&3TT probe distinguishes clinical S. aureus-positive blood cultures from non-S. aureus-positive blood cultures and culture-negative blood, accurately, rapidly and with high sensitivity. We conclude that this probe may enhance the diagnosis of SAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina López-Álvarez
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO BOX 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Heuker
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO BOX 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorrit W A Schoenmakers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO BOX 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gooitzen M van Dam
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - James O McNamara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Nuclease Probe Technologies, Inc., Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO BOX 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marleen van Oosten
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO BOX 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
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8
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Sharma P, Garg N, Sharma A, Capalash N, Singh R. Nucleases of bacterial pathogens as virulence factors, therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers. Int J Med Microbiol 2019; 309:151354. [PMID: 31495663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2019.151354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
New frontiers of therapy are being explored against the upcoming bacterial diseases rendered untreatable due to multiple, extreme and pan- antibiotic resistance. Nucleases are ubiquitous in bacterial pathogens performing various functions like acquiring nucleotide nutrients, allowing or preventing uptake of foreign DNA, controlling biofilm formation/dispersal/architecture, invading host by tissue damage, evading immune defence by degrading DNA matrix of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and immunomodulating the host immune response. Secretory nucleases also provide means of survival to other bacteria like iron-reducing Shewanella and such functions help them adapt and survive proficiently. Other than their pro-pathogen roles in survival, nucleases can be used directly as therapeutics. One of the powerful armours of pathogens is the formation of biofilms, thus helping them resist and persist in the harshest of environments. As eDNA forms the structural and binding component of biofilm, nucleases can be used against the adhering component, thus increasing the permeability of antimicrobial agents. Nucleases have recently become a model system of intense study for their biological functions and medical applications in diagnosis, immunoprophylaxis and therapy. Rational implications of these enzymes can impact human medicine positively in future by opening new ways for therapeutics which have otherwise reached saturation due to multi drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Nisha Garg
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anshul Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neena Capalash
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ravinder Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Welling MM, Hensbergen AW, Bunschoten A, Velders AH, Scheper H, Smits WK, Roestenberg M, van Leeuwen FWB. Fluorescent imaging of bacterial infections and recent advances made with multimodal radiopharmaceuticals. Clin Transl Imaging 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-019-00322-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Aguilar Suárez R, Stülke J, van Dijl JM. Less Is More: Toward a Genome-Reduced Bacillus Cell Factory for "Difficult Proteins". ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:99-108. [PMID: 30540431 PMCID: PMC6343112 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The availability of complete genome
sequences and the definition
of essential gene sets were fundamental in the start of the genome
engineering era. In a recent study, redundant and unnecessary genes
were systematically deleted from the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis, an industrial production host of high-value
secreted proteins. This culminated in strain PG10, which lacks about
36% of the genome, thus representing the most minimal Bacillus chassis currently available. Here, we show that this “miniBacillus” strain has synthetic traits that are favorable
for producing “difficult-to-produce proteins”. As exemplified
with different staphylococcal antigens, PG10 overcomes several bottlenecks
in protein production related to the secretion process and instability
of the secreted product. These findings show for the first time that
massive genome reduction can substantially improve secretory protein
production by a bacterial expression host, and underpin the high potential
of genome-engineered strains as future cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Aguilar Suárez
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jörg Stülke
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands
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