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Luis JR, Palencia-Madrid L, Runfeldt G, Garcia-Bertrand R, Herrera RJ. Delineating the dispersal of Y-chromosome sub-haplogroup O2a2b-P164 among Austronesian-speaking populations. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2066. [PMID: 38267477 PMCID: PMC10808098 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52293-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This article reports on an exploration of the Y-chromosome sub-haplogroup O2a2b-P164 in Austronesian-speaking populations. Moderate to high abundance of the P 164 mutation is seen in the West Pacific including the Amis of Formosa (36%) and the Filipinos of Mindanao (50%) as well as in the Kiritimati of Micronesia (70%), and Tonga and Samoa of West Polynesia (54% and 33%, respectively), and it drops to low frequencies in populations of East Polynesia. The communities of Polynesia and Micronesia exhibit considerable inter- and intra-population haplotype sharing suggesting extensive population affinity. The observed affinities, as well as the ages and diversity values within the P 164 sub-haplogroup among Austronesian-speaking populations signal an ancestral migration route and relationships that link the Amis of Taiwan with distant communities in West and East Polynesia, Micronesia, and the Maori of New Zealand. High resolution sequencing of the Austronesian Y chromosome indicate that the P 164 lineage originated about 19,000 ya and then split into three branches separating the Ami aborigines, Southeast Asian and Polynesian/Micronesian populations about 4700 ya, roughly coinciding with the initiation of the Austronesian diaspora. The Y-chromosomes of all the Polynesian and Micronesian population examined belong to the new FT 257096 haplogroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodriguez Luis
- Area de Antropología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Leire Palencia-Madrid
- BIOMICs Research Group, Dpto. Z. y Biologia Celular A., Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | | | - Ralph Garcia-Bertrand
- Department of Molecular Biology, Colorado College, 14 East Cache La Poudre Street, Colorado Springs, CO, 80903-3294, USA
| | - Rene J Herrera
- Department of Molecular Biology, Colorado College, 14 East Cache La Poudre Street, Colorado Springs, CO, 80903-3294, USA.
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Teiti I, Aubry M, Fernandes-Pellerin S, Patin E, Madec Y, Boucheron P, Vanhomwegen J, Torterat J, Lastère S, Olivier S, Jaquaniello A, Roux M, Mendiboure V, Harmant C, Bisiaux A, Rijo de León G, Liu D, Bossin H, Mathieu-Daudé F, Gatti C, Suhas E, Chung K, Condat B, Ayotte P, Conte E, Jolly N, Manuguerra JC, Sakuntabhai A, Fontanet A, Quintana-Murci L, Cao-Lormeau VM. Unravelling the determinants of human health in French Polynesia: the MATAEA project. FRONTIERS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 3:1201038. [PMID: 38455935 PMCID: PMC10911015 DOI: 10.3389/fepid.2023.1201038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Background French Polynesia is a French overseas collectivity in the Southeast Pacific, comprising 75 inhabited islands across five archipelagoes. The human settlement of the region corresponds to the last massive migration of humans to empty territories, but its timeline is still debated. Despite their recent population history and geographical isolation, inhabitants of French Polynesia experience health issues similar to those of continental countries. Modern lifestyles and increased longevity have led to a rise in non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Likewise, international trade and people mobility have caused the emergence of communicable diseases (CDs) including mosquito-borne and respiratory diseases. Additionally, chronic pathologies including acute rheumatic fever, liver diseases, and ciguatera, are highly prevalent in French Polynesia. However, data on such diseases are scarce and not representative of the geographic fragmentation of the population. Objectives The present project aims to estimate the prevalence of several NCDs and CDs in the population of the five archipelagoes, and identify associated risk factors. Moreover, genetic analyses will contribute to determine the sequence and timings of the peopling history of French Polynesia, and identify causal links between past genetic adaptation to island environments, and present-day susceptibility to certain diseases. Methods This cross-sectional survey is based on the random selection of 2,100 adults aged 18-69 years and residing on 18 islands from the five archipelagoes. Each participant answered a questionnaire on a wide range of topics (including demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits and medical history), underwent physical measurements (height, weight, waist circumference, arterial pressure, and skin pigmentation), and provided biological samples (blood, saliva, and stool) for biological, genetic and microbiological analyses. Conclusion For the first time in French Polynesia, the present project allows to collect a wide range of data to explore the existence of indicators and/or risk factors for multiple pathologies of public health concern. The results will help health authorities to adapt actions and preventive measures aimed at reducing the incidence of NCDs and CDs. Moreover, the new genomic data generated in this study, combined with anthropological data, will increase our understanding of the peopling history of French Polynesia. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier: NCT06133400.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iotefa Teiti
- Laboratory of Research on Emerging Viral Diseases, Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, French Polynesia
| | - Maite Aubry
- Laboratory of Research on Emerging Viral Diseases, Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, French Polynesia
| | | | - Etienne Patin
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Paris, France
| | - Yoann Madec
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Epidemiology of Emerging Diseases Unit, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Boucheron
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Epidemiology of Emerging Diseases Unit, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Vanhomwegen
- Environment and Infectious Risk Unit, Laboratory for Urgent Response to Biological Threats, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Torterat
- Institut de la Statistique de la Polynésie Française, Papeete, French Polynesia
| | - Stéphane Lastère
- Clinical Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier de la Polynésie Française, Pirae, French Polynesia
| | - Sophie Olivier
- Clinical Laboratory, Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, French Polynesia
| | - Anthony Jaquaniello
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Data Management Core Facility, Paris, France
| | - Maguelonne Roux
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Mendiboure
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Epidemiology of Emerging Diseases Unit, Paris, France
| | - Christine Harmant
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Bisiaux
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Paris, France
| | - Gaston Rijo de León
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Paris, France
| | - Dang Liu
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Bossin
- Laboratory of Research in Medical Entomology, Institut Louis Malardé, Paea, French Polynesia
| | - Françoise Mathieu-Daudé
- Laboratory of Research in Medical Entomology, Institut Louis Malardé, Paea, French Polynesia
- UMR MIVEGEC-Infectious Diseases and Vectors, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Clémence Gatti
- Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins, UMR241-Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (EIO) (IFREMER, ILM, IRD, UPF), Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, French Polynesia
| | - Edouard Suhas
- Unit on non-Communicable Diseases, UMR241-Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (EIO) (IFREMER, ILM, IRD, UPF), Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, French Polynesia
| | - Kiyojiken Chung
- Laboratory of Research on Emerging Viral Diseases, Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, French Polynesia
| | - Bertrand Condat
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier de la Polynésie Française, Pirae, French Polynesia
| | - Pierre Ayotte
- Centre de Toxicologie du Québec, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Conte
- Maison des Sciences de l’Homme du Pacifique, Université de la Polynésie Française, Punaauia, French Polynesia
| | - Nathalie Jolly
- Center for Translational Sciences, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Claude Manuguerra
- Environment and Infectious Risk Unit, Laboratory for Urgent Response to Biological Threats, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Anavaj Sakuntabhai
- Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Fontanet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Epidemiology of Emerging Diseases Unit, Paris, France
- PACRI Unit, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - Lluis Quintana-Murci
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Paris, France
- Chair Human Genomics and Evolution, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Van-Mai Cao-Lormeau
- Laboratory of Research on Emerging Viral Diseases, Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, French Polynesia
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Hermann A, Gutiérrez P, Chauvel C, Maury R, Liorzou C, Willie E, Phillip I, Forkel R, Rzymski C, Bedford S. Artifact geochemistry demonstrates long-distance voyaging in the Polynesian Outliers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf4487. [PMID: 37083531 PMCID: PMC10121159 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf4487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Although the peopling of Remote Oceania is well-documented as a general process of eastward migrations from Island Southeast Asia and Near Oceania toward the archipelagos of Remote Oceania, the origin and the development of Polynesian societies in the Western Pacific (Polynesian Outliers), far away from the Polynesian triangle, remain unclear. Here, we present a large-scale geochemical sourcing study of stone artifacts excavated from archeological sites in central Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands, and the Caroline Islands and provide unambiguous evidence of multiple long-distance voyages, with exotic stone materials being transported up to 2500 kilometers from their source. Our results emphasize high mobility in the Western Pacific during the last millennium CE and offer insights on the scale and timing of contacts between the Polynesian Outliers, their neighbors in the Western Pacific, and societies of Western Polynesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Hermann
- UMR 8068 Temps, CNRS, F-92023 Nanterre, France
- Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, MPI-EVA, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Corresponding author.
| | - Pamela Gutiérrez
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Chauvel
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - René Maury
- Université de Brest, UMR6538 Géosciences Océan, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, CNRS, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Céline Liorzou
- Université de Brest, UMR6538 Géosciences Océan, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, CNRS, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Edson Willie
- Vanuatu National Museum, Vanuatu Cultural Centre, P.O. Box 184, Port-Vila, Vanuatu
| | - Iarawai Phillip
- Vanuatu National Museum, Vanuatu Cultural Centre, P.O. Box 184, Port-Vila, Vanuatu
| | - Robert Forkel
- Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, MPI-EVA, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Rzymski
- Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, MPI-EVA, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stuart Bedford
- Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, MPI-EVA, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Vanuatu National Museum, Vanuatu Cultural Centre, P.O. Box 184, Port-Vila, Vanuatu
- Department of Archaeology and Natural History, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Palencia-Madrid L, Baeta M, Kleinbielen T, Toro-Delgado N, Villaescusa P, Sanchez-Bustamante E, de Pancorbo MM, Luis JR, Ware KE, Somarelli JA, Garcia-Bertrand R, Herrera RJ. Post-Austronesian migrational wave of West Polynesians to Micronesia. Gene 2022; 823:146357. [PMID: 35189246 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study examines Y-chromosome and mtDNA markers in the population of the island of Kiritimati in the context of geographically targeted reference populations from the Pacific. Kiritimati derives its population from the atoll islands of the Gilbert Archipelago and representsa geographicaltransitional region between Micronesia, Polynesia and Melanesia that likely played a critical role during theAustronesian expansion. The large presence(84.1%)of individuals withO-M175, O2a-M324 and O2a2b-P164 sub-haplogroups, 69.9% being O2a2b-P164, the Y-STR homogeneity within O2a2b-P164 and the very recent age of the sub-haplogroup(363-548 years ago)inKiritimati suggestthe arrival ofa genetically homogenous population to the Gilberteses followed by a population expassion.The close Y-STR haplotype affinities with profiles from the Samoa and Tonga Archipelagos point to an unprecedented massive post-Austronesian expansionexodus from West Polynesia.Contrasting the abundance of AustronesianO2a2b-P164 sub-haplogroup, the most abundantMelanesian/Papuansub-haplogroup,C-M130is present at a frequency of 13.5%. Thenetwork topology suggests that C-M130 arrived to theKiribati Archipelago from West Polynesia, specifically from West Samoa, Tonga and/or Tutuila subsequent to the Austronesian expansion about 832-1408 years ago. The haplotype affinities withinO2a2b-P164 argue for anoriginal source in Taiwan and its dispersal to West Polynesia and then to Southeast Micronesia. The present investigation provides an understanding of the genetic composition and complex migration history of an understudied region of the Pacific and provides evidence for recent dispersals towards Micronesia from West Polynesia subsequent to the initial Austronesian expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Palencia-Madrid
- BIOMICs Research Group, Dpto. Z. y Biologia Celular A., Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Miriam Baeta
- BIOMICs Research Group, Dpto. Z. y Biologia Celular A., Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Tamara Kleinbielen
- BIOMICs Research Group, Dpto. Z. y Biologia Celular A., Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Nerea Toro-Delgado
- BIOMICs Research Group, Dpto. Z. y Biologia Celular A., Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Patricia Villaescusa
- BIOMICs Research Group, Dpto. Z. y Biologia Celular A., Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Elena Sanchez-Bustamante
- BIOMICs Research Group, Dpto. Z. y Biologia Celular A., Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Marian M de Pancorbo
- BIOMICs Research Group, Dpto. Z. y Biologia Celular A., Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Javier Rodriguez Luis
- Area de Antropología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Kathryn E Ware
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jason A Somarelli
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Rene J Herrera
- Department of Molecular Biology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO 80903, USA.
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Tätte K, Metspalu E, Post H, Palencia-Madrid L, Luis JR, Reidla M, Tamm E, Ilumäe AM, de Pancorbo MM, Garcia-Bertrand R, Metspalu M, Herrera RJ. Genetic characterization of populations in the Marquesas Archipelago in the context of the Austronesian expansion. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5312. [PMID: 35351918 PMCID: PMC8964752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08910-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Our exploration of the genetic constitution of Nuku Hiva (n = 51), Hiva Oa (n = 28) and Tahuata (n = 8) of the Marquesas Archipelago based on the analyses of genome-wide autosomal markers as well as high-resolution genotyping of paternal and maternal lineages provides us with information on the origins and settlement of these islands at the fringe of the Austronesian expansion. One widespread theme that emerges from this study is the genetic uniformity and relative isolation exhibited by the Marquesas and Society populations. This genetic homogeneity within East Polynesia groups is reflected in their limited average heterozygosity, uniformity of constituents in the Structure analyses, reiteration of complete mtDNA sequences, marked separation from Asian and other Oceanic populations in the PC analyses, limited differentiation in the PCAs and large number of IBD segments in common. Both the f3 and the Outgroup f3 results provide indications of intra-East Polynesian gene flow that may have promoted the observed intra-East Polynesia genetic homogeneity while ALDER analyses indicate that East Polynesia experienced two gene flow episodes, one relatively recent from Europe that coincides roughly with the European incursion into the region and an early one that may represent the original settlement of the islands by Austronesians. Median Network analysis based on high-resolution Y-STR loci under C2a-M208 generates a star-like topology with East Polynesian groups (especially from the Society Archipelago) in central stem positions and individuals from the different populations radiating out one mutational step away while several Samoan and outlier individuals occupy peripheral positions. This arrangement of populations is congruent with dispersals of C2a-M208 Y chromosomes from East Polynesia as a migration hub signaling dispersals in various directions. The equivalent ages of the C2a-M208 lineage of the populations in the Network corroborate an east to west flow of the most abundant Polynesian Y chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tätte
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ene Metspalu
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Helen Post
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Leire Palencia-Madrid
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Javier Rodríguez Luis
- Area de Antropología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maere Reidla
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Erika Tamm
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anne-Mai Ilumäe
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Marian M de Pancorbo
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | | | - Mait Metspalu
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rene J Herrera
- Department of Molecular Biology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO, 80903, USA.
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Karmin M, Flores RJ, Saag L, Hudjashov G, Brucato N, Crenna-Darusallam C, Larena M, Endicott PL, Jakobsson M, Lansing JS, Sudoyo H, Leavesley M, Metspalu M, Ricaut FX, Cox MP. Episodes of diversification and isolation in Island Southeast Asian and Near Oceanian male lineages. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:6539761. [PMID: 35294555 PMCID: PMC8926390 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msac045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) and Oceania host one of the world’s richest assemblages of human phenotypic, linguistic, and cultural diversity. Despite this, the region’s male genetic lineages are globally among the last to remain unresolved. We compiled ∼9.7 Mb of Y chromosome (chrY) sequence from a diverse sample of over 380 men from this region, including 152 first reported here. The granularity of this data set allows us to fully resolve and date the regional chrY phylogeny. This new high-resolution tree confirms two main population bursts: multiple rapid diversifications following the region’s initial settlement ∼50 kya, and extensive expansions <6 kya. Notably, ∼40–25 kya the deep rooting local lineages of C-M130, M-P256, and S-B254 show almost no further branching events in ISEA, New Guinea, and Australia, matching a similar pause in diversification seen in maternal mitochondrial DNA lineages. The main local lineages start diversifying ∼25 kya, at the time of the last glacial maximum. This improved chrY topology highlights localized events with important historical implications, including pre-Holocene contact between Mainland and ISEA, potential interactions between Australia and the Papuan world, and a sustained period of diversification following the flooding of the ancient Sunda and Sahul continents as the insular landscape observed today formed. The high-resolution phylogeny of the chrY presented here thus enables a detailed exploration of past isolation, interaction, and change in one of the world’s least understood regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Karmin
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
- Institute of Genomics,University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Rodrigo J Flores
- Institute of Genomics,University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
- Institute of Computer Science,University of Tartu, Tartu, 51009, Estonia
| | - Lauri Saag
- Institute of Genomics,University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Georgi Hudjashov
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
- Institute of Genomics,University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Nicolas Brucato
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées,CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse
| | - Chelzie Crenna-Darusallam
- Genome Diversity and Disease Laboratory, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Maximilian Larena
- Department of Organismal Biology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, 75236, Sweden
| | - Phillip L Endicott
- Institute of Genomics,University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
- Department Hommes Natures Societies, Musée de l’Homme, Paris, Ile de France, 75016, France
| | - Mattias Jakobsson
- Department of Organismal Biology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, 75236, Sweden
| | | | - Herawati Sudoyo
- Genome Diversity and Disease Laboratory, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, National Capital District, Papua New Guinea
- CABAH and College of Arts, Society and Education, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia
| | - Matthew Leavesley
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, National Capital District, Papua New Guinea
- CABAH and College of Arts, Society and Education, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia
| | - Mait Metspalu
- Institute of Genomics,University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - François-Xavier Ricaut
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées,CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse
| | - Murray P Cox
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
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7
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Ali S, Stanley J, Davis S, Keenan N, Scheffer IE, Sadleir LG. Epidemiology of Treated Epilepsy in New Zealand Children: A Focus on Ethnicity. Neurology 2021; 97:e1933-e1941. [PMID: 34504020 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To determine the period prevalence and incidence of treated epilepsy in a New Zealand pediatric cohort with a focus on ethnicity and socioeconomic status. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study. The New Zealand Pharmaceutical Collection database was searched for individuals ≤18 years of age dispensed an antiseizure medication (ASM) in 2015 from areas capturing 48% of the New Zealand pediatric population. Medical records of identified cases were reviewed to ascertain the indication for the ASM prescription. Population data were derived from the New Zealand 2013 Census. RESULTS A total of 3,557 ASMs were prescribed during 2015 in 2,594 children, of whom 1,717 (66%) children had epilepsy. An indication for prescription was ascertained for 3,332/3,557 (94%) ASMs. The period prevalence of treated epilepsy was 3.4 per 1,000 children. Children in the most deprived areas had 1.9 times the rate of treated epilepsy (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6-2.2) as those from the least deprived areas. Prevalence was similar for most ethnic groups (European/other: 3.7, 95% CI 3.4-3.9; Pacific Peoples: 3.6, 95% CI 3.2-4.1; Māori: 3.4, 95% CI 3.1-3.8) apart from Asians, who had a lower prevalence of 2.3 per 1,000 (95% CI 2.0-2.6). However, when adjusted for socioeconomic deprivation, the prevalence of epilepsy was highest in European and similar in Māori, Pacific, and Asian children. DISCUSSION This is the largest pediatric epidemiology epilepsy study where diagnosis of epilepsy was confirmed by case review. This is the first study to provide epidemiologic information for pediatric epilepsy in Māori and Pacific children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayma Ali
- From the Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health (S.A., S.D., N.K., L.G.S.) and Public Health (J.S.), University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand; and the Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (I.S.), Austin Health and Royal Children's Hospital, Florey and Murdoch Children's Research Institutes, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - James Stanley
- From the Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health (S.A., S.D., N.K., L.G.S.) and Public Health (J.S.), University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand; and the Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (I.S.), Austin Health and Royal Children's Hospital, Florey and Murdoch Children's Research Institutes, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Suzanne Davis
- From the Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health (S.A., S.D., N.K., L.G.S.) and Public Health (J.S.), University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand; and the Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (I.S.), Austin Health and Royal Children's Hospital, Florey and Murdoch Children's Research Institutes, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ngaire Keenan
- From the Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health (S.A., S.D., N.K., L.G.S.) and Public Health (J.S.), University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand; and the Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (I.S.), Austin Health and Royal Children's Hospital, Florey and Murdoch Children's Research Institutes, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ingrid Eileen Scheffer
- From the Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health (S.A., S.D., N.K., L.G.S.) and Public Health (J.S.), University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand; and the Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (I.S.), Austin Health and Royal Children's Hospital, Florey and Murdoch Children's Research Institutes, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Lynette Grant Sadleir
- From the Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health (S.A., S.D., N.K., L.G.S.) and Public Health (J.S.), University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand; and the Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics (I.S.), Austin Health and Royal Children's Hospital, Florey and Murdoch Children's Research Institutes, University of Melbourne, Australia
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8
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Chiang CWK. The Opportunities and Challenges of Integrating Population Histories Into Genetic Studies for Diverse Populations: A Motivating Example From Native Hawaiians. Front Genet 2021; 12:643883. [PMID: 34646295 PMCID: PMC8503554 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.643883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a well-recognized need to include diverse populations in genetic studies, but several obstacles continue to be prohibitive, including (but are not limited to) the difficulty of recruiting individuals from diverse populations in large numbers and the lack of representation in available genomic references. These obstacles notwithstanding, studying multiple diverse populations would provide informative, population-specific insights. Using Native Hawaiians as an example of an understudied population with a unique evolutionary history, I will argue that by developing key genomic resources and integrating evolutionary thinking into genetic epidemiology, we will have the opportunity to efficiently advance our knowledge of the genetic risk factors, ameliorate health disparity, and improve healthcare in this underserved population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charleston W K Chiang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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9
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Ioannidis AG, Blanco-Portillo J, Sandoval K, Hagelberg E, Barberena-Jonas C, Hill AVS, Rodríguez-Rodríguez JE, Fox K, Robson K, Haoa-Cardinali S, Quinto-Cortés CD, Miquel-Poblete JF, Auckland K, Parks T, Sofro ASM, Ávila-Arcos MC, Sockell A, Homburger JR, Eng C, Huntsman S, Burchard EG, Gignoux CR, Verdugo RA, Moraga M, Bustamante CD, Mentzer AJ, Moreno-Estrada A. Paths and timings of the peopling of Polynesia inferred from genomic networks. Nature 2021; 597:522-526. [PMID: 34552258 PMCID: PMC9710236 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03902-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Polynesia was settled in a series of extraordinary voyages across an ocean spanning one third of the Earth1, but the sequences of islands settled remain unknown and their timings disputed. Currently, several centuries separate the dates suggested by different archaeological surveys2-4. Here, using genome-wide data from merely 430 modern individuals from 21 key Pacific island populations and novel ancestry-specific computational analyses, we unravel the detailed genetic history of this vast, dispersed island network. Our reconstruction of the branching Polynesian migration sequence reveals a serial founder expansion, characterized by directional loss of variants, that originated in Samoa and spread first through the Cook Islands (Rarotonga), then to the Society (Tōtaiete mā) Islands (11th century), the western Austral (Tuha'a Pae) Islands and Tuāmotu Archipelago (12th century), and finally to the widely separated, but genetically connected, megalithic statue-building cultures of the Marquesas (Te Henua 'Enana) Islands in the north, Raivavae in the south, and Easter Island (Rapa Nui), the easternmost of the Polynesian islands, settled in approximately AD 1200 via Mangareva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Ioannidis
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (LANGEBIO)-Advanced Genomics Unit (UGA), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Javier Blanco-Portillo
- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (LANGEBIO)-Advanced Genomics Unit (UGA), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Karla Sandoval
- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (LANGEBIO)-Advanced Genomics Unit (UGA), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | - Carmina Barberena-Jonas
- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (LANGEBIO)-Advanced Genomics Unit (UGA), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Adrian V S Hill
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Juan Esteban Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (LANGEBIO)-Advanced Genomics Unit (UGA), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Keolu Fox
- Department of Anthropology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn Robson
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Consuelo D Quinto-Cortés
- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (LANGEBIO)-Advanced Genomics Unit (UGA), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | - Kathryn Auckland
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Tom Parks
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Abdul Salam M Sofro
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yayasan Rumah Sakit Islam (YARSI) University, Cempaka Putih, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - María C Ávila-Arcos
- International Laboratory for Human Genome Research (LIIGH), UNAM Juriquilla, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Alexandra Sockell
- Center for Computational, Evolutionary and Human Genomics (CEHG), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julian R Homburger
- Center for Computational, Evolutionary and Human Genomics (CEHG), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Celeste Eng
- Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scott Huntsman
- Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Esteban G Burchard
- Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher R Gignoux
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Ricardo A Verdugo
- Human Genetics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Translational Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Moraga
- Human Genetics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos D Bustamante
- Center for Computational, Evolutionary and Human Genomics (CEHG), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexander J Mentzer
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrés Moreno-Estrada
- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (LANGEBIO)-Advanced Genomics Unit (UGA), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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10
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Mudd-Martin G, Cirino AL, Barcelona V, Fox K, Hudson M, Sun YV, Taylor JY, Cameron VA. Considerations for Cardiovascular Genetic and Genomic Research With Marginalized Racial and Ethnic Groups and Indigenous Peoples: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2021; 14:e000084. [PMID: 34304578 DOI: 10.1161/hcg.0000000000000084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Historically marginalized racial and ethnic groups and Indigenous peoples are burdened by significant health inequities that are compounded by their underrepresentation in genetic and genomic research. Of all genome-wide association study participants, ≈79% are of European descent, despite this group constituting only 16% of the global population. For underrepresented populations, polygenic risk scores derived from these studies are less accurate in predicting disease phenotypes, novel population-specific genetic variations may be misclassified as potentially pathogenic, and there is a lack of understanding of how different populations metabolize drugs. Although inclusion of marginalized racial and ethnic groups and Indigenous peoples in genetic and genomic research is crucial, scientific studies must be guided by ethical principles of respect, honesty, justice, reciprocity, and care for individuals and communities. Special considerations are needed to support research that benefits the scientific community as well as Indigenous peoples and marginalized groups. Before a project begins, collaboration with community leaders and agencies can lead to successful implementation of the study. Throughout the study, consideration must be given to issues such as implications of informed consent for individuals and communities, dissemination of findings through scientific and community avenues, and implications of community identity for data governance and sharing. Attention to these issues is critical, given historical harms in biomedical research that marginalized groups and Indigenous peoples have suffered. Conducting genetic and genomic research in partnership with Indigenous peoples and marginalized groups guided by ethical principles provides a pathway for scientific advances that will enhance prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease for everyone.
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11
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Horwood PF, Tarantola A, Goarant C, Matsui M, Klement E, Umezaki M, Navarro S, Greenhill AR. Health Challenges of the Pacific Region: Insights From History, Geography, Social Determinants, Genetics, and the Microbiome. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2184. [PMID: 31572391 PMCID: PMC6753857 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Pacific region, also referred to as Oceania, is a geographically widespread region populated by people of diverse cultures and ethnicities. Indigenous people in the region (Melanesians, Polynesians, Micronesians, Papuans, and Indigenous Australians) are over-represented on national, regional, and global scales for the burden of infectious and non-communicable diseases. Although social and environmental factors such as poverty, education, and access to health-care are assumed to be major drivers of this disease burden, there is also developing evidence that genetic and microbiotic factors should also be considered. To date, studies investigating genetic and/or microbiotic links with vulnerabilities to infectious and non-communicable diseases have mostly focused on populations in Europe, Asia, and USA, with uncertain associations for other populations such as indigenous communities in Oceania. Recent developments in personalized medicine have shown that identifying ethnicity-linked genetic vulnerabilities can be important for medical management. Although our understanding of the impacts of the gut microbiome on health is still in the early stages, it is likely that equivalent vulnerabilities will also be identified through the interaction between gut microbiome composition and function with pathogens and the host immune system. As rapid economic, dietary, and cultural changes occur throughout Oceania it becomes increasingly important that further research is conducted within indigenous populations to address the double burden of high rates of infectious diseases and rapidly rising non-communicable diseases so that comprehensive development goals can be planned. In this article, we review the current knowledge on the impact of nutrition, genetics, and the gut microbiome on infectious diseases in indigenous people of the Pacific region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F. Horwood
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Cyrille Goarant
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Mariko Matsui
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Elise Klement
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Noumea, New Caledonia
- Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier Territorial, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Masahiro Umezaki
- Department of Human Ecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Severine Navarro
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew R. Greenhill
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University Australia, Churchill, VIC, Australia
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12
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Palencia-Madrid L, Baeta M, Villaescusa P, Nuñez C, de Pancorbo MM, Luis JR, Fadhlaoui-Zid K, Somarelli J, Garcia-Bertrand R, Herrera RJ. The Marquesans at the fringes of the Austronesian expansion. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:801-810. [PMID: 30683925 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, 87 unrelated individuals from the Marquesas Archipelago in French Polynesia were typed using mtDNA, Y-chromosome and autosomal (STRs) markers and compared to key target populations from Island South East Asia (ISEA), Taiwan, and West and East Polynesia to investigate their genetic relationships. The Marquesas, located at the eastern-most fringes of the Austronesian expansion, offer a unique opportunity to examine the effects of a protracted population expansion wave on population structure. We explore the contribution of Melanesian, Asian and European heritage to the Marquesan islands of Nuku-Hiva, Hiva-Oa and Tahuata. Overall, the Marquesas Islands are genetically homogeneous. In the Marquesan Archipelago all of the mtDNA haplogroups are of Austronesian origin belonging to the B4a1 subhaplogroup as the region marks the end of a west to east decreasing cline of Melanesian mtDNA starting with the West Polynesian population of Tonga. Genetic discrepancies are less pronounced between the Marquesan and Society islands, and among the Marquesan islands. Interestingly, a number of Melanesian, Polynesian and European Y-chromosome haplogroups exhibit very different distribution between the Marquesan islands of Nuku Hiva and Hiva Oa, likely resulting from drift, differential migration involving various source populations and/or unique trading routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Palencia-Madrid
- BIOMICs Research Group, Dpto. Z. y Biologia Celular A., Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Miriam Baeta
- BIOMICs Research Group, Dpto. Z. y Biologia Celular A., Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Patricia Villaescusa
- BIOMICs Research Group, Dpto. Z. y Biologia Celular A., Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Carolina Nuñez
- BIOMICs Research Group, Dpto. Z. y Biologia Celular A., Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Marian M de Pancorbo
- BIOMICs Research Group, Dpto. Z. y Biologia Celular A., Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Javier Rodriguez Luis
- Area de Antropología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Karima Fadhlaoui-Zid
- Faculty of Science of Tunis, Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology, and Human Pathologies, University Tunis, El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jason Somarelli
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | | | - Rene J Herrera
- Department of Molecular Biology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO, 80903, USA.
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13
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Gayden T, Sepulveda FE, Khuong-Quang DA, Pratt J, Valera ET, Garrigue A, Kelso S, Sicheri F, Mikael LG, Hamel N, Bajic A, Dali R, Deshmukh S, Dervovic D, Schramek D, Guerin F, Taipale M, Nikbakht H, Majewski J, Moshous D, Charlebois J, Abish S, Bole-Feysot C, Nitschke P, Bader-Meunier B, Mitchell D, Thieblemont C, Battistella M, Gravel S, Nguyen VH, Conyers R, Diana JS, McCormack C, Prince HM, Besnard M, Blanche S, Ekert PG, Fraitag S, Foulkes WD, Fischer A, Neven B, Michonneau D, de Saint Basile G, Jabado N. Germline HAVCR2 mutations altering TIM-3 characterize subcutaneous panniculitis-like T cell lymphomas with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytic syndrome. Nat Genet 2018; 50:1650-1657. [DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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The evolutionary history and human settlement of Australia and the Pacific. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2018; 53:53-59. [PMID: 30029008 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the timing and processes involved in the human settlement of Australia and the Pacific has significance for addressing some key debates relating to human origins and population expansions worldwide. Despite this, for many years, Pacific populations were seriously under-represented in genetic studies of human origins. The last 15 years, however, have seen some major genetic studies involving Australian and Pacific populations which have shed light on their origins and interactions, and the last five years have seen some major developments that are challenging long-held concepts of Pacific settlement.
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