1
|
Irshad RR, Hussain S, Sohail SS, Zamani AS, Madsen DØ, Alattab AA, Ahmed AAA, Norain KAA, Alsaiari OAS. A Novel IoT-Enabled Healthcare Monitoring Framework and Improved Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm-Based Deep Convolution Neural Network Model for Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2932. [PMID: 36991642 PMCID: PMC10052730 DOI: 10.3390/s23062932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a high-risk disease that causes mortality worldwide; nevertheless, lung nodules are the main manifestation that can help to diagnose lung cancer at an early stage, lowering the workload of radiologists and boosting the rate of diagnosis. Artificial intelligence-based neural networks are promising technologies for automatically detecting lung nodules employing patient monitoring data acquired from sensor technology through an Internet-of-Things (IoT)-based patient monitoring system. However, the standard neural networks rely on manually acquired features, which reduces the effectiveness of detection. In this paper, we provide a novel IoT-enabled healthcare monitoring platform and an improved grey-wolf optimization (IGWO)-based deep convulution neural network (DCNN) model for lung cancer detection. The Tasmanian Devil Optimization (TDO) algorithm is utilized to select the most pertinent features for diagnosing lung nodules, and the convergence rate of the standard grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm is modified, resulting in an improved GWO algorithm. Consequently, an IGWO-based DCNN is trained on the optimal features obtained from the IoT platform, and the findings are saved in the cloud for the doctor's judgment. The model is built on an Android platform with DCNN-enabled Python libraries, and the findings are evaluated against cutting-edge lung cancer detection models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reyazur Rashid Irshad
- Department of Computer Science, College of Science and Arts, Najran University, Sharurah 68341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Hussain
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Shahab Saquib Sohail
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Abu Sarwar Zamani
- Department of Computer and Self Development, Preparatory Year Deanship, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dag Øivind Madsen
- USN School of Business, University of South-Eastern Norway, 3511 Hønefoss, Norway
| | - Ahmed Abdu Alattab
- Department of Computer Science, College of Science and Arts, Najran University, Sharurah 68341, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Systems, Thamar University, Thamar 87246, Yemen
| | | | | | - Omar Ali Saleh Alsaiari
- Department of Computer Science, College of Science and Arts, Najran University, Sharurah 68341, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Odewahn R, Wright BR, Czirják GÁ, Higgins DP. Differences in constitutive innate immunity between divergent Australian marsupials. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 132:104399. [PMID: 35307478 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding immunity in wildlife populations is important from both One Health and conservation perspectives. The constitutive innate immune system is the first line of defence against pathogens, and comparisons among taxa can test the impact of evolution and life history on immune function. We investigated serum bacterial killing ability (BKA) of five marsupial species that employ varying life history strategies, demonstrated to influence immunity in other vertebrates. The brushtail possum and eastern grey kangaroo had the greatest BKA, while ringtail possums and koalas had the least. These differences were independent of social structure, captivity status and phylogeny, but were associated with diet and body size. Sex and disease status had no effect on BKA in koalas, however potential for differences between wild and captive koalas warrants further investigation. The current study has provided a foundation for future investigations into how adaptive and innate immunity interact in marsupials from an eco-evolutionary perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Odewahn
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Belinda R Wright
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gábor Á Czirják
- Department of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Damien P Higgins
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Carlson KB, Wcisel DJ, Ackerman HD, Romanet J, Christiansen EF, Niemuth JN, Williams C, Breen M, Stoskopf MK, Dornburg A, Yoder JA. Transcriptome annotation reveals minimal immunogenetic diversity among Wyoming toads, Anaxyrus baxteri. CONSERV GENET 2022; 23:669-681. [PMID: 37090205 PMCID: PMC10118071 DOI: 10.1007/s10592-022-01444-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Briefly considered extinct in the wild, the future of the Wyoming toad (Anaxyrus baxteri) continues to rely on captive breeding to supplement the wild population. Given its small natural geographic range and history of rapid population decline at least partly due to fungal disease, investigation of the diversity of key receptor families involved in the host immune response represents an important conservation need. Population decline may have reduced immunogenetic diversity sufficiently to increase the vulnerability of the species to infectious diseases. Here we use comparative transcriptomics to examine the diversity of toll-like receptors and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) sequences across three individual Wyoming toads. We find reduced diversity at MHC genes compared to bufonid species with a similar history of bottleneck events. Our data provide a foundation for future studies that seek to evaluate the genetic diversity of Wyoming toads, identify biomarkers for infectious disease outcomes, and guide breeding strategies to increase genomic variability and wild release successes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kara B. Carlson
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Dustin J. Wcisel
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Hayley D. Ackerman
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jessica Romanet
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Emily F. Christiansen
- Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- North Carolina Aquariums, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer N. Niemuth
- Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Christina Williams
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Matthew Breen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Michael K. Stoskopf
- Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Alex Dornburg
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Yoder
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Atkinson S, Rogan A, Baker CS, Dagdag R, Redlinger M, Polinski J, Urban J, Sremba A, Branson M, Mashburn K, Pallin L, Klink A, Steel D, Bortz E, Kerr I. Genetic, Endocrine, and Microbiological Assessments of Blue, Humpback and Killer Whale Health using Unoccupied Aerial Systems. WILDLIFE SOC B 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Atkinson
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences 17101 Pt Lena Loop Rd. Juneau AK 99801 USA
| | | | - C. Scott Baker
- Marine Mammal Institute Oregon State University, Hatfield Marine Science Center 2030 SE Marine Science Dr. Newport OR 97365 USA
| | - Ralf Dagdag
- University of Alaska Anchorage, Department of Biological Sciences 3211 Providence Dr. Anchorage AK 99508 USA
| | - Matthew Redlinger
- University of Alaska Anchorage, Department of Biological Sciences 3211 Providence Dr. Anchorage AK 99508 USA
| | - Jennifer Polinski
- Gloucester Marine Genomics Institute, 417 Main St Gloucester MA 01930 USA
| | - Jorge Urban
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, Departamento Académico de Ciencias Marinas y Costeras, La Paz Baja California Sur México
| | - Angie Sremba
- Marine Mammal Institute Oregon State University, Hatfield Marine Science Center 2030 SE Marine Science Dr. Newport OR 97365 USA
| | - Maile Branson
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Department of Biology and Wildlife 2090 Koyukuk Dr. Fairbanks AK 99775 USA
| | - Kendall Mashburn
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences 17101 Pt Lena Loop Rd. Juneau AK 99801 USA
| | - Logan Pallin
- Marine Mammal Institute Oregon State University, Hatfield Marine Science Center 2030 SE Marine Science Dr. Newport OR 97365 USA
| | - Amy Klink
- University of Alaska Anchorage, Department of Biological Sciences 3211 Providence Dr. Anchorage AK 99508 USA
| | - Debbie Steel
- Marine Mammal Institute Oregon State University, Hatfield Marine Science Center 2030 SE Marine Science Dr. Newport OR 97365 USA
| | - Eric Bortz
- University of Alaska Anchorage, Department of Biological Sciences 3211 Providence Dr. Anchorage AK 99508 USA
| | - Iain Kerr
- Ocean Alliance Gloucester MA 01930 USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Brannelly LA, Webb RJ, Jiang Z, Berger L, Skerratt LF, Grogan LF. Declining amphibians might be evolving increased reproductive effort in the face of devastating disease. Evolution 2021; 75:2555-2567. [PMID: 34383313 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The devastating infectious disease chytridiomycosis has caused declines of amphibians across the globe, yet some populations are persisting and even recovering. One understudied effect of wildlife disease is changes in reproductive effort. Here, we aimed to understand if the disease has plastic effects on reproduction and if reproductive effort could evolve with disease endemism. We compared the effects of experimental pathogen exposure (trait plasticity) and population-level disease history (evolution in trait baseline) on reproductive effort using gametogenesis as a proxy in the declining and endangered frog Litoria verreauxii alpina. We found that unexposed males from disease-endemic populations had higher reproductive effort, which is consistent with an evolutionary response to chytridiomycosis. We also found evidence of trait plasticity, where males and females were affected differently by infection: pathogen exposed males had higher reproductive effort (larger testes), whereas females had reduced reproductive effort (smaller and fewer developed eggs) regardless of the population of origin. Infectious diseases can cause plastic changes in the reproductive effort at an individual level, and population-level disease exposure can result in changes to baseline reproductive effort; therefore, individual- and population-level effects of disease should be considered when designing management and conservation programs for threatened and declining species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Brannelly
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca J Webb
- One Health Research Group, School of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zhixuan Jiang
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lee Berger
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lee F Skerratt
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura F Grogan
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia.,Forest Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Naito‐Liederbach AM, Sato Y, Nakajima N, Maeda T, Inoue T, Yamazaki T, Ogden R, Inoue‐Murayama M. Genetic diversity of the endangered Japanese golden eagle at neutral and functional loci. Ecol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Sato
- Wildlife Research Center Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh Roslin UK
| | - Nobuyoshi Nakajima
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba Japan
| | - Taku Maeda
- Iwate Prefectural Research Institute for Environmental Sciences and Public Health Morioka Japan
| | - Takehiko Inoue
- Asian Raptor Research and Conservation Network Yasu Japan
| | - Toru Yamazaki
- Asian Raptor Research and Conservation Network Yasu Japan
| | - Rob Ogden
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh Roslin UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Grueber CE, Peel E, Wright B, Hogg CJ, Belov K. A Tasmanian devil breeding program to support wild recovery. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 31:1296-1304. [PMID: 32172782 DOI: 10.1071/rd18152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tasmanian devils are threatened in the wild by devil facial tumour disease: a transmissible cancer with a high fatality rate. In response, the Save the Tasmanian Devil Program (STDP) established an 'insurance population' to enable the preservation of genetic diversity and natural behaviours of devils. This breeding program includes a range of institutions and facilities, from zoo-based intensive enclosures to larger, more natural environments, and a strategic approach has been required to capture and maintain genetic diversity, natural behaviours and to ensure reproductive success. Laboratory-based research, particularly genetics, in tandem with adaptive management has helped the STDP reach its goals, and has directly contributed to the conservation of the species in the wild. Here we review this work and show that the Tasmanian devil breeding program is a powerful example of how genetic research can be used to understand and improve reproductive success in a threatened species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C E Grueber
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - E Peel
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - B Wright
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - C J Hogg
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - K Belov
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Farquharson KA, Hogg CJ, Belov K, Grueber CE. Deciphering genetic mate choice: Not so simple in group-housed conservation breeding programs. Evol Appl 2020; 13:2179-2189. [PMID: 33005217 PMCID: PMC7513713 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Incorporating mate choice into conservation breeding programs can improve reproduction and the retention of natural behaviors. However, different types of genetic-based mate choice can have varied consequences for genetic diversity management. As a result, it is important to examine mechanisms of mate choice in captivity to assess its costs and benefits. Most research in this area has focused on experimental pairing trials; however, this resource-intensive approach is not always feasible in captive settings and can interfere with other management constraints. We used generalized linear mixed models and permutation approaches to investigate overall breeding success in group-housed Tasmanian devils at three nonmutually exclusive mate choice hypotheses: (a) advantage of heterozygous individuals, (b) advantage of dissimilar mates, and (c) optimum genetic distance, using both 1,948 genome-wide SNPs and 12 MHC-linked microsatellites. The managed devil insurance population is the largest such breeding program in Australia and is known to have high variance in reproductive success. We found that nongenetic factors such as age were the best predictors of breeding success in a competitive breeding scenario, with younger females and older males being more successful. We found no evidence of mate choice under the hypotheses tested. Mate choice varies among species and across environments, so we advocate for more studies in realistic captive management contexts as experimental or wild studies may not apply. Conservation managers must weigh up the need to wait for adequate sample sizes to detect mate choice with the risk that genetic changes may occur during this time in captivity. Our study shows that examining and integrating mate choice into the captive management of species housed in realistic, semi-natural group-based contexts may be more difficult than previously considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Farquharson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
| | - Carolyn J Hogg
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
| | - Katherine Belov
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
| | - Catherine E Grueber
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
- San Diego Zoo Global San Diego USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wright BR, Farquharson KA, McLennan EA, Belov K, Hogg CJ, Grueber CE. A demonstration of conservation genomics for threatened species management. Mol Ecol Resour 2020; 20:1526-1541. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Belinda R. Wright
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Katherine A. Farquharson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Elspeth A. McLennan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Katherine Belov
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Carolyn J. Hogg
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Catherine E. Grueber
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
- San Diego Zoo Global San Diego CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lemaître J, Pavard S, Giraudeau M, Vincze O, Jennings G, Hamede R, Ujvari B, Thomas F. Eco‐evolutionary perspectives of the dynamic relationships linking senescence and cancer. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐François Lemaître
- Université de Lyon, F‐69000, Lyon; Université Lyon 1; CNRS, UMR5558 Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive F‐69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Samuel Pavard
- Unité Eco-anthropologie (EA), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS 7206 Université Paris Diderot Paris France
| | | | - Orsolya Vincze
- Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Evolutionary Ecology Group Babeş‐Bolyai University Cluj‐Napoca Romania
- Department of Tisza Research MTA Centre for Ecological Research Debrecen Hungary
| | - Geordie Jennings
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Waurn Ponds Victoria Australia
- School of Natural Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Rodrigo Hamede
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Waurn Ponds Victoria Australia
- School of Natural Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Waurn Ponds Victoria Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Day J, Gooley RM, Hogg CJ, Belov K, Whittington CM, Grueber CE. MHC-associated mate choice under competitive conditions in captive versus wild Tasmanian devils. Behav Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arz092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractMate choice contributes to driving evolutionary processes when animals choose breeding partners that confer genetic advantages to offspring, such as increased immunocompetence. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is an important group of immunological molecules, as MHC antigens bind and present foreign peptides to T-cells. Recent studies suggest that mates may be selected based on their MHC profile, leading to an association between an individual’s MHC diversity and their breeding success. In conservation, it may be important to consider mate choice in captive breeding programs, as this mechanism may improve reproductive rates. We investigated the reproductive success of Tasmanian devils in a group housing facility to determine whether increased MHC-based heterozygosity led individuals to secure more mating partners and produce more offspring. We also compared the breeding success of captive females to a wild devil population. MHC diversity was quantified using 12 MHC-linked microsatellite markers, including 11 previously characterized markers and one newly identified marker. Our analyses revealed that there was no relationship between MHC-linked heterozygosity and reproductive success either in captivity or the wild. The results of this study suggest that, for Tasmanian devils, MHC-based heterozygosity does not produce greater breeding success and that no specific changes to current captive management strategies are required with respect to preserving MHC diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Day
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca M Gooley
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carolyn J Hogg
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Zoo and Aquarium Association Australasia, Mosman, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine Belov
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Camilla M Whittington
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Catherine E Grueber
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- San Diego Zoo Global, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Russell T, Lane A, Clarke J, Hogg C, Morris K, Keeley T, Madsen T, Ujvari B. Multiple paternity and precocial breeding in wild Tasmanian devils, Sarcophilus harrisii (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Polyandry, a common reproductive strategy in various animal species, has potential female benefits, which include enhanced offspring fitness. Benefits can be direct, such as reduced risk of male infanticide of offspring, or indirect, such as increased genetic diversity of offspring and the acquisition of ‘good genes’. Multiple paternity of litters has been recorded in numerous marsupial species but has not been reported in Tasmanian devils, Sarcophilus harrisii (Boitard). We investigated whether multiple paternity occurred in litters within a wild population of Tasmanian devils. Using major histocompatibility complex-linked and neutral microsatellite markers, the paternity of nine litters was analysed. We found multiple paternity in four out of nine litters and that yearling (> 1, < 2 years old) male devils were siring offspring. This is the first record of multiple paternity and of male precocial breeding in wild Tasmanian devils. To date, there are no data relating to the subsequent survival of devils from single- vs. multiple-sired litters; therefore, we do not know whether multiple paternity increases offspring survival in the wild. These results have implications for the Tasmanian devil captive insurance programme, because group housing can lead to multiple-sired litters, making the maintenance of genetic diversity over time difficult to manage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Russell
- School of Life and Environmental Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda Lane
- School of Life and Environmental Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Judy Clarke
- Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Carolyn Hogg
- School of Life and Environmental Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katrina Morris
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, UK
| | - Tamara Keeley
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas Madsen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cally JG, Stuart-Fox D, Holman L. Meta-analytic evidence that sexual selection improves population fitness. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2017. [PMID: 31043615 PMCID: PMC6494874 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10074-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual selection has manifold ecological and evolutionary consequences, making its net effect on population fitness difficult to predict. A powerful empirical test is to experimentally manipulate sexual selection and then determine how population fitness evolves. Here, we synthesise 459 effect sizes from 65 experimental evolution studies using meta-analysis. We find that sexual selection on males tends to elevate the mean and reduce the variance for many fitness traits, especially in females and in populations evolving under stressful conditions. Sexual selection had weaker effects on direct measures of population fitness such as extinction rate and proportion of viable offspring, relative to traits that are less closely linked to population fitness. Overall, we conclude that the beneficial population-level consequences of sexual selection typically outweigh the harmful ones and that the effects of sexual selection can differ between sexes and environments. We discuss the implications of these results for conservation and evolutionary biology. Sexual selection has the potential to either increase or decrease absolute fitness. Here, Cally et al. perform a meta-analysis of 65 experimental evolution studies and find that sexual selection on males tends to increase fitness, especially in females evolving under stressful conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin G Cally
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Devi Stuart-Fox
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Luke Holman
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|