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Fu P, Cai Z, Zhang Z, Meng X, Peng Y. An updated database of virus circular RNAs provides new insights into the biogenesis mechanism of the molecule. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2261558. [PMID: 37725485 PMCID: PMC10557547 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2261558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Virus circular RNAs (circRNA) have been reported to be extensively expressed and play important roles in viral infections. Previously we build the first database of virus circRNAs named VirusCircBase which has been widely used in the field. This study significantly improved the database on both the data quantity and database functionality: the number of virus circRNAs, virus species, host organisms was increased from 46440, 23, 9 to 60859, 43, 22, respectively, and 1902 full-length virus circRNAs were newly added; new functions were added such as visualization of the expression level of virus circRNAs and visualization of virus circRNAs in the Genome Browser. Analysis of the expression of virus circRNAs showed that they had low expression levels in most cells or tissues and showed strong expression heterogeneity. Analysis of the splicing of virus circRNAs showed that they used a much higher proportion of non-canonical back-splicing signals compared to those in animals and plants, and mainly used the A5SS (alternative 5' splice site) in alternative-splicing. Most virus circRNAs have no more than two isoforms. Finally, human genes associated with the virus circRNA production were investigated and more than 1000 human genes exhibited moderate correlations with the expression of virus circRNAs. Most of them showed negative correlations including 42 genes encoding RNA-binding proteins. They were significantly enriched in biological processes related to cell cycle and RNA processing. Overall, the study provides a valuable resource for further studies of virus circRNAs and also provides new insights into the biogenesis mechanisms of virus circRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Fu
- Bioinformatics Center, College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zena Cai
- Bioinformatics Center, College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Bioinformatics Center, College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangxian Meng
- Bioinformatics Center, College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yousong Peng
- Bioinformatics Center, College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Zhang Z, Sauerwald N, Cappuccio A, Ramos I, Nair VD, Nudelman G, Zaslavsky E, Ge Y, Gaitas A, Ren H, Brockman J, Geis J, Ramalingam N, King D, McClain MT, Woods CW, Henao R, Burke TW, Tsalik EL, Goforth CW, Lizewski RA, Lizewski SE, Weir DL, Letizia AG, Sealfon SC, Troyanskaya OG. Blood RNA alternative splicing events as diagnostic biomarkers for infectious disease. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100395. [PMID: 36936082 PMCID: PMC10014279 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Assays detecting blood transcriptome changes are studied for infectious disease diagnosis. Blood-based RNA alternative splicing (AS) events, which have not been well characterized in pathogen infection, have potential normalization and assay platform stability advantages over gene expression for diagnosis. Here, we present a computational framework for developing AS diagnostic biomarkers. Leveraging a large prospective cohort of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and whole-blood RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data, we identify a major functional AS program switch upon viral infection. Using an independent cohort, we demonstrate the improved accuracy of AS biomarkers for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis compared with six reported transcriptome signatures. We then optimize a subset of AS-based biomarkers to develop microfluidic PCR diagnostic assays. This assay achieves nearly perfect test accuracy (61/62 = 98.4%) using a naive principal component classifier, significantly more accurate than a gene expression PCR assay in the same cohort. Therefore, our RNA splicing computational framework enables a promising avenue for host-response diagnosis of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Zhang
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010, USA
- Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Natalie Sauerwald
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Antonio Cappuccio
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Irene Ramos
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Venugopalan D. Nair
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - German Nudelman
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Elena Zaslavsky
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yongchao Ge
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Angelo Gaitas
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hui Ren
- Fluidigm Corporation, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Joel Brockman
- Fluidigm Corporation, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jennifer Geis
- Fluidigm Corporation, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - David King
- Fluidigm Corporation, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Micah T. McClain
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Christopher W. Woods
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ricardo Henao
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Thomas W. Burke
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ephraim L. Tsalik
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | | | | - Dawn L. Weir
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - Stuart C. Sealfon
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Olga G. Troyanskaya
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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3
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Li T, Li H, Wu Y, Li S, Yuan G, Xu P. Identification of a Novel Densovirus in Aphid, and Uncovering the Possible Antiviral Process During Its Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:905628. [PMID: 35757766 PMCID: PMC9218065 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.905628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Densoviruses (DVs) are single-stranded DNA viruses and exclusively happen in invertebrates. Most of DVs reported in insects are pathogenic to their native hosts, however, no pathogenic effect of them has been examined in vertebrates. Hence, DVs are the potential agents used in pest managements. Aphids are the primary vectors of plant viruses. In this study, we identified a novel DV in Chinese Sitobion miscanthi population, provisionally named “Sitobion miscanthi densovirus” (SmDV). Taxonomically, SmDV belongs to genus Hemiambidensovirus. In S. miscanthi, SmDV is hosted in diverse cells and can be horizontally transmitted via wheat feeding. Subject to SmDV, aphids activate their intrinsic antiviral autophagy pathway. Grouped with ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, chlorophyll metabolism, p450 related drug metabolism, and retinoid metabolism, aphids form a complex immune network response to the infection of SmDV. Obviously, it works as elder aphids still alive even they contain the highest examined concentration of SmDV. This study provides a foundation for the identifications of novel DVs, and further improves the understanding of the molecular interactions between insects and DVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haichao Li
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaojian Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guohui Yuan
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengjun Xu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
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4
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Gallardo CM, Nguyen AVT, Routh AL, Torbett BE. Selective ablation of 3' RNA ends and processive RTs facilitate direct cDNA sequencing of full-length host cell and viral transcripts. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:e98. [PMID: 35736235 PMCID: PMC9508845 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is necessary for viral proliferation in host cells and a critical regulatory component of viral gene expression. Conventional RNA-seq approaches provide incomplete coverage of AS due to their short read lengths and are susceptible to biases and artifacts introduced in prevailing library preparation methodologies. Moreover, viral splicing studies are often conducted separately from host cell transcriptome analysis, precluding an assessment of the viral manipulation of host splicing machinery. To address current limitations, we developed a quantitative full-length direct cDNA sequencing strategy to simultaneously profile viral and host cell transcripts. This nanopore-based approach couples processive reverse transcriptases with a novel one-step chemical ablation of 3' RNA ends (termed CASPR), which decreases ribosomal RNA reads and enriches polyadenylated coding sequences. We extensively validate our approach using synthetic reference transcripts and show that CASPR doubles the breadth of coverage per transcript and increases detection of long transcripts (>4 kb), while being functionally equivalent to PolyA+ selection for transcript quantification. We used our approach to interrogate host cell and HIV-1 transcript dynamics during viral reactivation and identified novel putative HIV-1 host factors containing exon skipping or novel intron retentions and delineated the HIV-1 transcriptional state associated with these differentially regulated host factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Gallardo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Anh-Viet T Nguyen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrew L Routh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Bruce E Torbett
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
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5
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Bovo S, Schiavo G, Bolner M, Ballan M, Fontanesi L. Mining livestock genome datasets for an unconventional characterization of animal DNA viromes. Genomics 2022; 114:110312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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6
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Konishi T. Principal component analysis of coronaviruses reveals their diversity and seasonal and pandemic potential. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242954. [PMID: 33270726 PMCID: PMC7714145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses and influenza viruses have similarities and differences. In order to comprehensively compare them, their genome sequencing data were examined by principal component analysis. Coronaviruses had fewer variations than a subclass of influenza viruses. In addition, differences among coronaviruses that infect a variety of hosts were also small. These characteristics may have facilitated the infection of different hosts. Although many of the coronaviruses were conservative, those repeatedly found among humans showed annual changes. If SARS-CoV-2 changes its genome like the Influenza H type, it will repeatedly spread every few years. In addition, the coronavirus family has many other candidates for new pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Konishi
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
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7
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Yang H, Zhou C, Li G, Wang J, Gao P, Wang M, Wang R, Zhao Y. Reference gene and small RNA data from multiple tissues of Davidia involucrata Baill. Sci Data 2019; 6:181. [PMID: 31551451 PMCID: PMC6760192 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Davidia involucrata Baill. is a rare plant endemic to China. Its exclusive evolutionary position and specific floral organs endow it with a high research value. However, a lack of genomic resources has constrained the study of D. involucrata functional genomics. Here, we report D. involucrata transcriptome reads from different floral tissues pooled from six individuals at two developmental stages using Illumina HiSeq technology and the construction of a high-quality reference gene set containing a total of 104,463 unigenes with an N50 of 1,693 bp and 48,529 high-quality coding sequences. The transcriptome data exhibited 89.24% full-length completeness with respect to the benchmarking universal single-copy (BUSCO) dataset and a PLAZA CoreGF weighted score of 98.85%. In total, 65,534 (62.73%) unigenes were functionally annotated, including 58 transcription factor families and 44,327 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). In addition, 96 known and 112 novel miRNAs were identified in the parallel small RNA sequencing of each sample. All these high-quality data could provide a valuable annotated gene set for subsequent studies of D. involucrata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Chengran Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Guolin Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Maolin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Yun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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